The document discusses the concept of hazards in disaster readiness and risk reduction, defining hazards as elements that can cause harm to people and their environment. It categorizes hazards into natural, quasi-natural, and technological, providing examples for each type and detailing long-term impacts on physical, psychological, socio-cultural, economic, environmental, and biological aspects. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of economic development in recovery and resilience from hazards.

1. BASIC
CONCEPT
OF HAZARD
CHAPTER 3
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

2. HAZARD
• Elements of the physical environment, harmful to man and caused
by forces extraneous to him.
• A source of potential harm or situation with a potential to cause
loss
• A natural event that has the potential to cause a harm or loss
• A phenomenon or situation, which has the potential to cause the
disruption or damage to people, their services and their
environment

3. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
HAZARD
1. Natural hazard such as earthquakes or floods arise from purely
natural processes in the environment.
2. Quasi – natural hazard such as smog or desertification that arise
through the interaction of natural processes and human activity.
3. Technological (or human – made) hazards such as the toxicity of
pesticides to agricultural lands, accidental leaks of chemicals
from chemical laboratories or radiation from a nuclear plant.
These arise directly as a result of human activities.

4. TYPES OF HAZARD
Atmospheric
(Single Element) (Combined Element)
Excess Rainfall Hurricanes
Freezing Rain (Glaze) Glaze storm
Hail Thunderstorm
Heavy Snow Falls Blizzard
High wind speeds Tornadoes
Extreme Temperature Heat/Cold Stress

5. TYPES OF HAZARD
Hydrologic
• Floods
• Wave Action
• Drought
• Rapid glacier advance
Geologic
• Mass movement (Landslides, Mudslides, Avalanche)
• Tsunami
• Earthquake
• Volcanic Eruption
• Rapid sediment movement

6. TYPES OF HAZARD
Biologic
• Epidemic in humans, plants, animals
• Locusts
Technologic
• Transportation accident
• Industrial explosions and fire
• Accidental release of toxic elements
• Nuclear accidents
• Collapse of public buildings
• Cyber Terrorism

7. IMPACTS OF VARIOUS ON
DIFFERENT EXPOSED ELEMENTS
According to the International Center for integrated Mountain
Development (ICIMOD) the impacts of various hazards vary in severity
and vary in regard to how long they last. In many ways wealth and
development assist in the way people recover from hazards. A more
economically developed country can prepare for and predict hazards
more effectively and they have more resources to support a faster
recovery. However there is also a need for resilience. In many developing
countries people who experienced hardship can often recover more
quickly from hazard

8. COMMON LONG TERM IMPACTS OF
NATURAL HAZARD
Physical
• Death of People
• Destruction and loss of
vital infrastructure like
transport system , roads,
bridges, power, lines and
communication lines.
• Wide spread loss of
housing

9. Psychological impact
• Grief and psychological
trauma
• Marital conflicts
• Depression due to loss of
loved ones and
properties
• Chronic anxiety among
children severely
affected
COMMON LONG TERM IMPACTS
OF NATURAL HAZARD

10. COMMON LONG TERM IMPACTS
OF NATURAL HAZARD
Socio – Cultural Impact
• Displacement of
population
• Loss of Cultural Identity
• Forced adoption of new
sets of culture
• Ethnic conflicts

11. Economic Impact
• Loss of job due to
displacement
• Loss of harvest and
livestock
• Loss of farms, fish cages,
and other sources of living
• Loss of money and other
valuables like jewelries,
furniture and appliances
COMMON LONG TERM IMPACTS
OF NATURAL HAZARD

12. Environmental Impact
• Loss of forest due to forest
fires
• Loss of fresh water due to
salination (intrusion of salt
water to fresh water
sources)
• Disturbance of biodiversity
• Loss of natural rivers and
other tributaries
COMMON LONG TERM IMPACTS
OF NATURAL HAZARD

13. Biological Impact
• Epidemic to people, flora
and fauna
• Chronic and permanent
illness due to nuclear
radiation
• Mental disorder developed
from consumption of
contaminated foods
• Proliferation of different
viral and bacterial diseases
COMMON LONG-TERM IMPACTS
OF NATURAL HAZARD

14. ASSIGNMENT
1. Define Earthquake
2. What are the different earthquake hazard?