A complete presentation on Disaster Management strategies and Plans for Floods, Including a detailed case study on Kerala Flood 2018. Hope you find it useful.

1. Disaster Management Plans
and Strategies for Floods
A Presentation by Nithish Kumar

2. Content
• Introduction
• Types of floods
• Management strategies for
Floods
• Case study : Kerala flood

3. Introduction
• Flood is a term used to denote an
enormous amount of water. When
there is an outflow of water in a
place, it is said to be flooded.
• The flood may take different forms
such as in the form of heavy rainfall
when there is a breaking of the dam.
Furthermore, the melting of snow
also leads to flooding.

4. Types of Floods
• Tidal flooding
• Groundwater flooding
• Pluvial flooding
• Fluvial flooding

5. Tidal flooding
• King tides bring unusually high
water levels, and they can cause
local tidal flooding.
• Over time, sea level rise is raising
the height of tidal systems.
• Average daily water levels are
rising along with the oceans.
• As a result, high tides are reaching
higher and extending further
inland than in the past.

6. Groundwater flooding
• Groundwater flooding is caused
when the water table rises up
from rocks or soils to above
ground level, causing flooding to
occur at the surface.
• This tends to occur after season-
long periods of high rainfall.
• The rainfall infiltrates into the
ground causing the water table
to rise in response above normal
levels.

7. Pluvial flooding
• A pluvial flood occurs when an
extreme rainfall event creates a
flood independent of an
overflowing water body.
• There are two common types of
pluvial flooding: Surface water
floods occur when an urban
drainage system is overwhelmed
and water flows out into streets
and nearby structures.

8. Fluvial flooding
• A fluvial, or river flood, occurs
when the water level in a river,
lake or stream rises and
overflows onto the surrounding
banks, shores and neighbouring
land.
• The water level rise could be due
to excessive rain or snowmelt.

9. Management strategies for Floods

10. Preparedness
• Avoid building in flood prone areas unless you elevate and reinforce your
home.
• Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to
flooding.
• Install "Check Valves" in sewer traps to prevent floodwater from backing
up into the drains of your home.
• Contact community officials to find out if they are planning to construct
barriers (levees, beams and floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering
the homes in your area.
• Seal the walls in your basement with waterproofing compounds to avoid
seepage

11. Mitigation
• Don't take risk - Don't enter flood waters. In case you need to, wear suitable
footwear
• Watch your step - Stay away from sewerage lines, gutters, drains, culverts, etc.
• Don't get electrocuted - Stay away from electric poles and fallen power lines
to avoid electrocution
• Remain healthy - Eat freshly cooked or dry food. Keep your food covered
• Evade Illness - Drink boiled/chlorinated water
• Ensure cleanliness - Use disinfectants to keep your surroundings clean.

12. Response
• Raise furniture, appliances on beds and tables
• Put sandbags in the toilet bowl and cover all drain holes to prevent
sewage back flow
• Turn off power and gas connection
• Move to a higher ground/ safe shelter
• Take the emergency kit, first aid box and valuables with you
• Do not enter deep, unknown waters; use a stick to check water depth
• Come back home only when officials ask you to do so.

13. Recovery
• Protect children - Do not allow children to play in or near flood
waters. Don't use any damaged electrical goods, get them checked
• Watch your step - Watch out for broken electric poles and wires,
sharp objects and debris
• See what you eat - Do not eat food that has been in flood waters
• Mosquitoes can kill - Use mosquito nets to prevent malaria
• Use clean water - Don't use the toilet or tap water.

14. Case study : Kerala flood

15. Cause
• The Indian state of Kerala receives some of India’s highest rainfall during the monsoon
season. However, during 2018 the state experienced its highest level of monsoon rainfall in
decades. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), there was 2346.3 mm of
rainfall, instead of the average 1649.55 mm.
• Kerala received over two and a half times more rainfall over the average for August.
Between August 1 and 19, the state received 758.6 mm of rainfall, compared to the average
of 287.6 mm, or 164% more. This was 42% more than during the entire monsoon season.
• The unprecedented rainfall was caused by a spell of low pressure over the region. There
was a perfect confluence of the southwest monsoon wind system and the two low-pressure
systems that formed over the Bay of Bengal and Odisha. The low-pressure regions pull in
the moist south-west monsoon winds, increasing their speed, as they then hit the Western
Ghats, travel skywards, and form rain-bearing clouds.
• Further downpours, on already saturated land, led to more surface run-off causing
landslides and widespread flooding.
• Kerala has 41 rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea, and 80 of its dams were opened after
being overwhelmed. Water treatment plants were submerged, and motors were damaged.

16. Effects
• In some areas, floodwater was between 3-4.5m deep. Floods in the southern Indian
state of Kerala killed more than 410 people since June 2018 in what local officials said
was the worst flooding in 100 years. Many of those who died had been crushed under
debris caused by landslides. More than 1 million people were left homeless in the 3,200
emergency relief camps set up in the area.
• Parts of Kerala’s commercial capital, Cochin, were underwater, snarling up roads and
leaving railways across the state impassable. The state’s airport, which is used by
domestic and overseas tourists, was closed, causing major disruption.
• Local plantations were inundated by water, endangering the local rubber, tea, coffee
and spice industries.
• Schools in all 14 districts of Kerala were closed, and some districts have banned tourists
because of safety concerns.
• Maintaining sanitation and preventing disease in relief camps housing more than
800,000 people was a significant challenge. Authorities also had to restore regular
supplies of clean drinking water and electricity to the state’s 33 million residents.

17. Response
• Indians from different parts of the country used social media to help people stranded
in the flood-hit southern state of Kerala. Hundreds took to social media platforms to
coordinate search, rescue and food distribution efforts and also to reach out to people
who needed help. Social media was also used to support fundraising for those
affected by the flooding.
• Some Indians have opened up their homes for people from Kerala who were stranded
in other cities because of the floods.
• Thousands of troops were deployed to rescue those caught up in the flooding. Army,
navy and air force personnel were deployed to help those stranded in remote and
hilly areas. Dozens of helicopters dropped tonnes of food, medicine and water over
areas cut off by damaged roads and bridges. Helicopters were also involved in
airlifting people marooned by the flooding to safety.
• Millions of dollars in donations have poured into Kerala from the rest of India and
abroad in recent days. Other state governments have promised more than $50m,
while ministers and company chiefs have publicly vowed to give a month’s salary.

18. Thanks for listening