The document provides information about MOTOTRBO digital radio technology. It discusses how MOTOTRBO combines two-way radios with digital technology. It then covers 4 key steps in the MOTOTRBO digital process: 1) analog to digital conversion, 2) vocoding and forward error correction, 3) framing, and 4) TDMA transmission. It also addresses benefits like greater range, integrated voice and data, spectrum efficiency, and increased battery life.
The document describes new features in MOTOTRBO Release 2.4, including user selectable audio profiles that allow customization of audio settings based on environment and personal preference, enhancement of the "trill" sound in certain languages to improve speech clarity, text-to-speech voice announcements of channel and zone names in multiple languages, over-the-air battery management to monitor battery status remotely, location tracking through event-driven or distance-based location updates, multi-button PTT and channel steering from peripheral devices, and various other minor features.
This document provides an introduction and overview of applications available through Motorola's MOTOTRBO Application Developer Program (ADP). It describes how the ADP allows third-party developers to create customized communication solutions that integrate with MOTOTRBO two-way radio systems. The document catalogs a wide range of available applications organized by category (e.g. control rooms, safety, radio infrastructure), describing their key features. It aims to help customers quickly identify applications that meet their needs to enhance communications beyond basic voice functionality.
The document describes Motorola's MOTOTRBOTM Software Release 2.3 which includes digital voting features. Digital voting allows a voting repeater to select the best quality transmission signal from multiple satellite receivers and its own internal receiver to address coverage imbalances between portable subscriber transmissions and high-powered repeater transmissions. The voting repeater and satellite receivers must be configured and programmed correctly for the specific system type using CPS software to implement digital voting.
Pennine Telecom is an established UK-based telecommunications company with over 30 years of experience. They specialize in digital radio systems including Motorola's MOTOTRBOTM Connect Plus system, which allows for digital trunking across 70 sites with 29 channels per site. Key features of the MOTOTRBOTM Connect Plus system include dynamic site assignment, priority call levels, and location services for GPS.
The document provides release notes for version R2.3 of MOTOTRBO software, including 13 new features such as digital voting, location registration in a single data block, capacity plus enhancements, and work ticket management on additional radio models. It also notes some known issues and resolved issues in the product release.
Pennine Telecom is an established UK telecommunications company with over 30 years of experience. It has 85 staff including 37 engineers. It provides a wide range of telecom services including radios, telephone systems, networks, wireless and cellular solutions. It has a large customer base with over 100 customers that have been with Pennine for over 10 years. It offers Motorola MOTOTRBO digital radio systems with features such as encryption, GPS tracking and applications for dispatching, logging and interfacing with telephone systems.
This document provides release notes for a November 2014 software update for MOTOTRBO radios and accessories. The update includes 19 new features and enhancements and 13 resolved issues. New features include user-selectable audio profiles, text-to-speech, over-the-air battery management, and location tracking event triggers. Resolved issues addressed problems with tones, scanning, audio sensitivity and AGC settings. The update is compatible with MOTOTRBO 2.0, legacy MOTOTRBO and 3600 trunking radios, as well as repeaters and accessory software.
This document provides release notes for a MOTOTRBO software update. It includes an overview, definitions, what's new in the release, known issues, and issues that were resolved. The release improves the RSSI output rate in repeater mode and fixes various bugs related to features like emergency alarms, cloning, and battery readings. It provides the version numbers for the update across different MOTOTRBO products.
The document describes new features in MOTOTRBO Release 2.4, including user selectable audio profiles that allow customization of audio settings based on environment and personal preference, enhancement of the "trill" sound in certain languages to improve speech clarity, text-to-speech voice announcements of channel and zone names in multiple languages, over-the-air battery management to monitor battery status remotely, location tracking through event-driven or distance-based location updates, multi-button PTT and channel steering from peripheral devices, and various other minor features.
This document provides an introduction and overview of applications available through Motorola's MOTOTRBO Application Developer Program (ADP). It describes how the ADP allows third-party developers to create customized communication solutions that integrate with MOTOTRBO two-way radio systems. The document catalogs a wide range of available applications organized by category (e.g. control rooms, safety, radio infrastructure), describing their key features. It aims to help customers quickly identify applications that meet their needs to enhance communications beyond basic voice functionality.
The document describes Motorola's MOTOTRBOTM Software Release 2.3 which includes digital voting features. Digital voting allows a voting repeater to select the best quality transmission signal from multiple satellite receivers and its own internal receiver to address coverage imbalances between portable subscriber transmissions and high-powered repeater transmissions. The voting repeater and satellite receivers must be configured and programmed correctly for the specific system type using CPS software to implement digital voting.
Pennine Telecom is an established UK-based telecommunications company with over 30 years of experience. They specialize in digital radio systems including Motorola's MOTOTRBOTM Connect Plus system, which allows for digital trunking across 70 sites with 29 channels per site. Key features of the MOTOTRBOTM Connect Plus system include dynamic site assignment, priority call levels, and location services for GPS.
The document provides release notes for version R2.3 of MOTOTRBO software, including 13 new features such as digital voting, location registration in a single data block, capacity plus enhancements, and work ticket management on additional radio models. It also notes some known issues and resolved issues in the product release.
Pennine Telecom is an established UK telecommunications company with over 30 years of experience. It has 85 staff including 37 engineers. It provides a wide range of telecom services including radios, telephone systems, networks, wireless and cellular solutions. It has a large customer base with over 100 customers that have been with Pennine for over 10 years. It offers Motorola MOTOTRBO digital radio systems with features such as encryption, GPS tracking and applications for dispatching, logging and interfacing with telephone systems.
This document provides release notes for a November 2014 software update for MOTOTRBO radios and accessories. The update includes 19 new features and enhancements and 13 resolved issues. New features include user-selectable audio profiles, text-to-speech, over-the-air battery management, and location tracking event triggers. Resolved issues addressed problems with tones, scanning, audio sensitivity and AGC settings. The update is compatible with MOTOTRBO 2.0, legacy MOTOTRBO and 3600 trunking radios, as well as repeaters and accessory software.
This document provides release notes for a MOTOTRBO software update. It includes an overview, definitions, what's new in the release, known issues, and issues that were resolved. The release improves the RSSI output rate in repeater mode and fixes various bugs related to features like emergency alarms, cloning, and battery readings. It provides the version numbers for the update across different MOTOTRBO products.
The document describes new features and enhancements in MOTOTRBO Release 2.4A, including:
1. Home Channel Reminder which notifies users if they switch channels and don't return to their home channel within a set time.
2. Roaming RSSI per site which allows different roaming thresholds to be set for each site in an IPSC or LCP system.
3. Emergency enhancements such as an emergency search tone, indications for non-display radios, and adjusting emergency settings.
4. Enhancements for the SL300 radio such as increasing the radio name length and adding trill enhancement.
5. Recommendations for routers and switches to support
This document discusses text-to-speech voice announcement features in MOTOTRBO two-way radios. It can generate voice announcements for channel names, zone names, button functions, text messages, and job tickets in 27 languages. Pre-recorded audio or text-to-speech can be selected, and a custom dictionary helps with industry terminology. Programming options in the CPS software allow selecting the language and customizing abbreviations.
The document provides release notes for the MOTOTRBO System version R2.3A, dated June 6, 2014. It outlines new features, known issues, resolved issues, product versions supported, and application developer documentation. Key additions include job ticket and sign-in/out enhancements, emergency alarms on additional radios, quick text on more models, and codeplug password encryption. It also details two known issues with specific CPS versions and firmware updates.
This document provides an overview of the features and capabilities of Motorola's MOTOTRBOTM digital two-way radio system. It describes the digital radio technology used, including analog to digital conversion, voice coding, framing, and TDMA transmission. It also outlines the basic system topologies for both digital and analog operations, including repeater modes, mixed modes, and capacity plus modes. Finally, it provides details on the key digital features supported, such as digital voice calls, emergency functions, signaling features, and data services.
The document discusses the MOTOTRBO mobile handheld control head (HCH). The HCH allows a user to control all radio functions remotely from inside or outside a vehicle. It consists of a handheld control head with clip, radio adapter module, and coiled cord that can extend up to 9.8 feet. An extension cable is also available. The HCH is compatible with color display mobiles and can operate in all system topologies. It features programmable buttons and a 5-line color LCD display. When used with a mobile radio, the HCH exclusively controls volume and does not support features requiring a mobile microphone port or rotary knob.
Motorola MotoTRBO XPR5550 HandHeld Control Head (HCH) User Guide PMLN7131TwoWayDigitalRadio.com
This document provides instructions for operating a MOTOTRBO two-way radio handheld control head. It describes starting up the radio, adjusting the volume, navigating options using the 4-way button, and understanding LED indicator lights for different radio statuses like receiving a call or emergency. The guide also lists additional user manuals available for other MOTOTRBO radio models and accessories.
The document summarizes the standard package and features of several Motorola digital portable radios. The standard package includes a lithium-ion battery, micro-USB charger, antenna, carry holster, battery door cover, and 2-year warranty. The radios have digital and analog transmission modes, support 2 zones, busy channel lockout, emergency functions, and can be programmed via CPS software. Additional programmable features include alert tones, brightness, power levels, scanning, and more. Model and pricing information is provided for VHF and UHF models with different channel and display options.
This document provides an overview of the Nemo Outdoor network testing solution. It outlines the course contents which cover an introduction to Nemo Outdoor, installation, configuration, features and hands-on operation. Key highlights include benchmarking of multiple networks simultaneously, extensive scripting capabilities, quality of service measurements, and the ability to export measurement files and maps. The document also lists supported vendors and chipsets, and provides instructions on setting up the hardware system and configuring Nemo Outdoor.
This user manual provides instructions for installing and using Nemo Outdoor, a software tool for conducting radio measurements outdoors during drive testing. It includes sections on installation, configuration, making various types of measurements including voice calls, data transfers, and scanning. It also covers features for analyzing measurement results like graphs, grids, maps and interference detection.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a training on drive testing 2G/3G networks. The training covers topics such as network architecture, channelization, handover processes, drive test concepts and parameters, using drive test tools like Nemo Outdoor, performing outdoor and indoor tests, analyzing data collected, generating reports with MapInfo software, and tuning network performance. The training is split into 5 modules that cover these topics over 10 hours of instruction.
This document provides an overview of multi-carrier GRFU (GSM Radio Filter Unit) hardware, functions, and configuration for Huawei's BTS3900 base station. It describes the GRFU's hardware structure and principles, typical configuration scenarios, and data configuration process using MML commands. The key aspects covered include the GRFU's modulation/demodulation functions, ports, LED indicators, antenna configuration principles when using one or two GRFUs, and transmit/receive modes.
The document describes a versatile UHF audio monitoring system from BEA that uses a patented transmission technique called TMVWB. This technique provides high audio quality, low power consumption, and miniaturized transmitter sizes. The system includes various transmitter and receiver models that can be used in different deployment scenarios. It also includes ancillary equipment like repeaters, power supplies, and remote controls to enhance the monitoring capabilities.
Webinar Slides: Multicast Paging With The snom PA1snom technology
This webinar provided an overview of using the snom PA1 for multicast paging with SIP-based phone systems and UC solutions like Microsoft Lync. The snom PA1 allows organizations to integrate their existing paging infrastructure with an IP phone network, avoiding costly replacement of legacy equipment. The PA1 acts as both a listening device to receive multicast pages and as a multicast relay server to broadcast pages to IP phones and PA1 devices. The presentation demonstrated how to configure the PA1 for multicast listening and broadcasting to support multi-zone paging applications in various industries.
This document summarizes a presentation on software defined radio (SDR). It discusses the advantages of SDR over standard radio, including being reconfigurable and able to serve different protocols. It outlines the components of SDR and describes its ideal architecture. The document then provides a history of SDR, including early military projects like SPEAKeasy, and discusses practical applications like the Joint Tactical Radio System and amateur radio use of SDR.
The TK-90 HF transceiver provides reliable communications through powerful 100W transmission, 300 memory channels, and compatibility with remote control and optional voice recording accessories. It features a compact, rugged design suited for mobile or base station use along with enhanced audio quality, programmable function keys, and data connectivity options.
MGCP is a protocol used to control media gateways that convert between audio signals and data packets. It uses a master-slave architecture with a media gateway controlled by a call agent. MGCP commands include CRCX to create connections, MDCX to modify them, and DLCX to delete them. Basic call flows include the media gateway registering with the call agent, creating a call by requesting digits and notifying of events, and terminating a call by deleting connections on hook events.
This document describes a 5-zone IP network audio system for offices, schools, and hotels. It includes a touchscreen PC server, IP network audio software, audio sources, IP network paging microphones, IP network audio adapters with amplifiers, IP network amplifiers, ceiling and wall mount speakers, and a LAN switch to set up the system over a network. The system provides multi-room background music, paging to specific or all zones, and two-way intercom capabilities using minimal equipment and wiring for low installation and expansion costs.
Itc va & pa sound system for transportationSimon Lin
The document discusses a digital public address and voice evacuation system from a manufacturer with 20 years of experience. It describes the manufacturer's expertise in digital class-D amplifiers and digital IP addressable network audio systems. It then provides details about several successful installation projects using the manufacturer's systems, including at an airport in Botswana, on Tehran's metro line 4, and on the Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway.
Huawei provides strategies for multi-carrier networks including preferred camping and random camping. Preferred camping prioritizes certain carriers for idle users and services while random camping allows users to camp on any carrier randomly. The document discusses pros and cons of each strategy and provides examples of analyzing network strategies using audit tools, adjusting strategies based on key performance indicators, and configuring parameters for mobility, load balancing, and carrier selection policies in multi-carrier networks.
Chap 4. call processing and handover.engsivakumar D
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the key information:
The document outlines the network architecture and protocol stacks used in LTE networks, including components like the UE, eNB, MME, S-GW and P-GW. It describes the software architecture of eNBs and the call processing blocks. It also summarizes several important procedures in LTE networks like attach, detach, handover, and basic parameter configuration.
This document is the ninth edition of the Handbook of Noise Measurement by Arnold P.G. Peterson. It provides an introduction to and overview of concepts related to sound, noise, vibration measurement and noise control. Key topics covered include definitions of sound, noise, vibration and related terms like frequency, decibel and power level. Typical noise levels are given for common environments and sources. The book aims to help users understand noise measurement and how to apply these measurements to solve noise problems.
The document describes new features and enhancements in MOTOTRBO Release 2.4A, including:
1. Home Channel Reminder which notifies users if they switch channels and don't return to their home channel within a set time.
2. Roaming RSSI per site which allows different roaming thresholds to be set for each site in an IPSC or LCP system.
3. Emergency enhancements such as an emergency search tone, indications for non-display radios, and adjusting emergency settings.
4. Enhancements for the SL300 radio such as increasing the radio name length and adding trill enhancement.
5. Recommendations for routers and switches to support
This document discusses text-to-speech voice announcement features in MOTOTRBO two-way radios. It can generate voice announcements for channel names, zone names, button functions, text messages, and job tickets in 27 languages. Pre-recorded audio or text-to-speech can be selected, and a custom dictionary helps with industry terminology. Programming options in the CPS software allow selecting the language and customizing abbreviations.
The document provides release notes for the MOTOTRBO System version R2.3A, dated June 6, 2014. It outlines new features, known issues, resolved issues, product versions supported, and application developer documentation. Key additions include job ticket and sign-in/out enhancements, emergency alarms on additional radios, quick text on more models, and codeplug password encryption. It also details two known issues with specific CPS versions and firmware updates.
This document provides an overview of the features and capabilities of Motorola's MOTOTRBOTM digital two-way radio system. It describes the digital radio technology used, including analog to digital conversion, voice coding, framing, and TDMA transmission. It also outlines the basic system topologies for both digital and analog operations, including repeater modes, mixed modes, and capacity plus modes. Finally, it provides details on the key digital features supported, such as digital voice calls, emergency functions, signaling features, and data services.
The document discusses the MOTOTRBO mobile handheld control head (HCH). The HCH allows a user to control all radio functions remotely from inside or outside a vehicle. It consists of a handheld control head with clip, radio adapter module, and coiled cord that can extend up to 9.8 feet. An extension cable is also available. The HCH is compatible with color display mobiles and can operate in all system topologies. It features programmable buttons and a 5-line color LCD display. When used with a mobile radio, the HCH exclusively controls volume and does not support features requiring a mobile microphone port or rotary knob.
Motorola MotoTRBO XPR5550 HandHeld Control Head (HCH) User Guide PMLN7131TwoWayDigitalRadio.com
This document provides instructions for operating a MOTOTRBO two-way radio handheld control head. It describes starting up the radio, adjusting the volume, navigating options using the 4-way button, and understanding LED indicator lights for different radio statuses like receiving a call or emergency. The guide also lists additional user manuals available for other MOTOTRBO radio models and accessories.
The document summarizes the standard package and features of several Motorola digital portable radios. The standard package includes a lithium-ion battery, micro-USB charger, antenna, carry holster, battery door cover, and 2-year warranty. The radios have digital and analog transmission modes, support 2 zones, busy channel lockout, emergency functions, and can be programmed via CPS software. Additional programmable features include alert tones, brightness, power levels, scanning, and more. Model and pricing information is provided for VHF and UHF models with different channel and display options.
This document provides an overview of the Nemo Outdoor network testing solution. It outlines the course contents which cover an introduction to Nemo Outdoor, installation, configuration, features and hands-on operation. Key highlights include benchmarking of multiple networks simultaneously, extensive scripting capabilities, quality of service measurements, and the ability to export measurement files and maps. The document also lists supported vendors and chipsets, and provides instructions on setting up the hardware system and configuring Nemo Outdoor.
This user manual provides instructions for installing and using Nemo Outdoor, a software tool for conducting radio measurements outdoors during drive testing. It includes sections on installation, configuration, making various types of measurements including voice calls, data transfers, and scanning. It also covers features for analyzing measurement results like graphs, grids, maps and interference detection.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a training on drive testing 2G/3G networks. The training covers topics such as network architecture, channelization, handover processes, drive test concepts and parameters, using drive test tools like Nemo Outdoor, performing outdoor and indoor tests, analyzing data collected, generating reports with MapInfo software, and tuning network performance. The training is split into 5 modules that cover these topics over 10 hours of instruction.
This document provides an overview of multi-carrier GRFU (GSM Radio Filter Unit) hardware, functions, and configuration for Huawei's BTS3900 base station. It describes the GRFU's hardware structure and principles, typical configuration scenarios, and data configuration process using MML commands. The key aspects covered include the GRFU's modulation/demodulation functions, ports, LED indicators, antenna configuration principles when using one or two GRFUs, and transmit/receive modes.
The document describes a versatile UHF audio monitoring system from BEA that uses a patented transmission technique called TMVWB. This technique provides high audio quality, low power consumption, and miniaturized transmitter sizes. The system includes various transmitter and receiver models that can be used in different deployment scenarios. It also includes ancillary equipment like repeaters, power supplies, and remote controls to enhance the monitoring capabilities.
Webinar Slides: Multicast Paging With The snom PA1snom technology
This webinar provided an overview of using the snom PA1 for multicast paging with SIP-based phone systems and UC solutions like Microsoft Lync. The snom PA1 allows organizations to integrate their existing paging infrastructure with an IP phone network, avoiding costly replacement of legacy equipment. The PA1 acts as both a listening device to receive multicast pages and as a multicast relay server to broadcast pages to IP phones and PA1 devices. The presentation demonstrated how to configure the PA1 for multicast listening and broadcasting to support multi-zone paging applications in various industries.
This document summarizes a presentation on software defined radio (SDR). It discusses the advantages of SDR over standard radio, including being reconfigurable and able to serve different protocols. It outlines the components of SDR and describes its ideal architecture. The document then provides a history of SDR, including early military projects like SPEAKeasy, and discusses practical applications like the Joint Tactical Radio System and amateur radio use of SDR.
The TK-90 HF transceiver provides reliable communications through powerful 100W transmission, 300 memory channels, and compatibility with remote control and optional voice recording accessories. It features a compact, rugged design suited for mobile or base station use along with enhanced audio quality, programmable function keys, and data connectivity options.
MGCP is a protocol used to control media gateways that convert between audio signals and data packets. It uses a master-slave architecture with a media gateway controlled by a call agent. MGCP commands include CRCX to create connections, MDCX to modify them, and DLCX to delete them. Basic call flows include the media gateway registering with the call agent, creating a call by requesting digits and notifying of events, and terminating a call by deleting connections on hook events.
This document describes a 5-zone IP network audio system for offices, schools, and hotels. It includes a touchscreen PC server, IP network audio software, audio sources, IP network paging microphones, IP network audio adapters with amplifiers, IP network amplifiers, ceiling and wall mount speakers, and a LAN switch to set up the system over a network. The system provides multi-room background music, paging to specific or all zones, and two-way intercom capabilities using minimal equipment and wiring for low installation and expansion costs.
Itc va & pa sound system for transportationSimon Lin
The document discusses a digital public address and voice evacuation system from a manufacturer with 20 years of experience. It describes the manufacturer's expertise in digital class-D amplifiers and digital IP addressable network audio systems. It then provides details about several successful installation projects using the manufacturer's systems, including at an airport in Botswana, on Tehran's metro line 4, and on the Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway.
Huawei provides strategies for multi-carrier networks including preferred camping and random camping. Preferred camping prioritizes certain carriers for idle users and services while random camping allows users to camp on any carrier randomly. The document discusses pros and cons of each strategy and provides examples of analyzing network strategies using audit tools, adjusting strategies based on key performance indicators, and configuring parameters for mobility, load balancing, and carrier selection policies in multi-carrier networks.
Chap 4. call processing and handover.engsivakumar D
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the key information:
The document outlines the network architecture and protocol stacks used in LTE networks, including components like the UE, eNB, MME, S-GW and P-GW. It describes the software architecture of eNBs and the call processing blocks. It also summarizes several important procedures in LTE networks like attach, detach, handover, and basic parameter configuration.
This document is the ninth edition of the Handbook of Noise Measurement by Arnold P.G. Peterson. It provides an introduction to and overview of concepts related to sound, noise, vibration measurement and noise control. Key topics covered include definitions of sound, noise, vibration and related terms like frequency, decibel and power level. Typical noise levels are given for common environments and sources. The book aims to help users understand noise measurement and how to apply these measurements to solve noise problems.
El primer documento describe un circuito para atraer peces usando un micrófono magnético. El segundo presenta un amplificador de 1/2W para sistemas de intercomunicación. El tercer circuito es un amplificador con ganancia de 1000 usando un operacional.
LIQTRO CALOR SYN is a fully balanced heat transfer fluid that can deliver heat up to 320°C. It has excellent thermal stability and oxidation resistance allowing safe use at high temperatures. It also has high specific heat and thermal conductivity for rapid and flexible heating in closed fluid systems. The fluid has a flash point of 220°C, density of 0.8324 kg/l, and viscosity suitable for use up to 100°C without significant increase. It presents minimal health, environmental, or physical hazards when handled and stored properly between -22.5°C and 50°C.
The stern tube is a hollow tube running through the bottom of a ship that contains the propeller shaft. It connects the main engine to the propeller and supports the large weight of the propeller. Stern tubes are designed to keep water from leaking into the ship while allowing the propeller shaft to rotate freely. They contain bearings lubricated with oil or water to reduce friction and prevent leakage between the stern tube and propeller shaft. Modern systems aim to improve lubrication and reduce contamination of lubricants with water for more efficient propulsion.
This document provides information on the properties and safe handling of Liqtro Forming-Chlorine B ISO VG 220 lubricant. It presents no significant health hazards, is not classified as an environmental hazard, and has a low risk of fire. The document identifies the product and manufacturing company. It outlines first aid measures for exposure and firefighting procedures. It also provides instructions for safe storage, handling, exposure control, and outlines the product's physical and chemical properties.
Este documento contiene 36 preguntas de razonamiento numérico con 4 opciones de respuesta cada una. Las preguntas involucran diferentes tipos de operaciones matemáticas como porcentajes, proporciones, áreas, volúmenes y velocidades. El objetivo es evaluar la habilidad para resolver problemas numéricos de complejidad variable requiriendo múltiples pasos de cálculo.
Pedoman ini membahas tentang pembangunan sumur resapan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan air tanah di daerah pertanian. Termasuk di dalamnya adalah persyaratan lokasi dan kelompok tani, survei lokasi, desain sederhana, konstruksi sumur, dan pengawasan pelaksanaannya. Tujuannya adalah meningkatkan pasokan air bagi pertanian dan mencegah intrusi air laut.
O documento discute a importância da lubrificação de matrizes no processo de forja a quente, destacando como os lubrificantes à base de grafite reduzem o atrito e transferência de calor, prolongando a vida das matrizes e melhorando a qualidade e produtividade das peças forjadas. Também aborda tendências na automatização da lubrificação e fatores que influenciam o desempenho dos lubrificantes e das matrizes.
This document provides a catalogue for materials science and engineering titles published by Trans Tech Publications Limited between 2008-2011. It includes sections for forthcoming titles, latest titles published 2008-2010, and a full listing of current titles. It also provides information on Trans Tech's online journals in materials science and engineering. Key must-have handbooks published in the Materials Science Foundations series are highlighted.
The Series L rotary lobe pump provides a simple solution for various industries. It handles liquids with low to high viscosity through smooth, low shear pumping. The pump has a stainless steel construction, is hygienic in design and EHEDG accredited. It features high efficiency, low energy use, and reversible flow through its contra-rotating lobes within a fully swept chamber.
Crisis Externa E Interna En Las Empresas Familiares Marzo 2009MentoringEmpresario
El documento habla sobre cómo discernir las crisis externas de las internas en las empresas familiares. Explica que vivimos en un contexto de cambios imprevisibles que generan inestabilidad. Algunos usan la crisis externa como excusa para ocultar problemas internos previos o culpar a factores externos de sus propias crisis internas. Es importante conocer el impacto real de la crisis externa y detectar signos de crisis interna para no quebrar. El autor ofrece una charla sobre este tema el 25 de marzo de 2009.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Forging Lubricants For The Hot Forging Of SteelsGustavo Schiuma
Die lubrication is key for quality and productivity in hot forging processes. The right lubricant must reduce friction to allow smooth metal flow while also releasing, cooling, and protecting the die to extend its life. Proper lubricant selection and application parameters are important. Forging lubricants typically contain graphite, which helps lubricate and release the forged part from the die. Maintaining consistent lubricant concentration and application are important for optimizing the forging process.
This document provides the standard test method for determining the pour point of petroleum products using a manual test procedure. It defines pour point as the lowest temperature at which movement of a petroleum product is observed when cooled under controlled conditions. The test method involves cooling a sample in a test jar at a controlled rate and examining it at 3°C intervals to detect any flow or movement. The lowest temperature at which no movement is observed within 5 seconds is recorded as the pour point. Precision statements indicate that repeatability is within 3°C and reproducibility between laboratories is within 6°C for most petroleum products when following this test method.
The document is an introduction to "The Cambridge Handbook of Physics Formulas", a reference book containing over 2,000 formulas from undergraduate physics. It is designed to be a compact and portable reference for students and professionals in physics and related fields. The book comprehensively covers major topics in undergraduate physics through tabulated formulas.
CDMA is a digital cellular standard that allows multiple users to access the same radio frequency channel simultaneously through the use of unique code sequences. Users are separated by spreading their transmitted signals across the frequency band using pseudo-random codes. CDMA provides advantages over other multiple access techniques like FDMA and TDMA such as increased capacity, soft handoffs between cells, and covert operation due to its noise-like signals. The IS-95 standard introduced CDMA to cellular networks and specified the use of orthogonal codes to separate signals and a 1.25 MHz channel bandwidth to support multiple simultaneous voice calls.
an industrial training taken at BSNL CTTC Kolkata covered the whole syllabus of the training (Switching system, SDH, Optical Fibre Cable, GSM, CDMA, ISDN, IN networks, PCM, Broadband DSL Technology, IP fundamentals) Overviews of the total topics all the advantages and Disadvantages.
-Dhrubajyoti Adak(Camellia Institute of Technolgy)
The GSM radio interface uses FDMA to divide the frequency band into channels and TDMA to divide each frequency channel into time slots to allow multiple users, with each user assigned a single time slot. The normal GSM burst carries digitized voice data or other information in a 57-bit data field, and includes guard periods and training sequences to help with timing synchronization and equalization between the mobile station and base transceiver station. GSM networks operate at different frequencies around the world, with GSM-900 being most common in Europe and other parts of the world.
This document provides an overview of internet telephony (also known as voice over internet protocol or VoIP). It discusses how VoIP works by sending audio over the internet in real-time between computer users. The document also outlines the key factors and protocols that enable VoIP, including improvements in compression techniques, full-duplex sound cards, more powerful PCs, and protocols like SIP, RTP, and H.323. Both advantages and disadvantages of VoIP are presented, such as lower long distance costs but also potential issues with internet integration and latency.
The document provides an overview of telecommunication networks and their components. It discusses:
1) The major components of telecommunication networks including transmission facilities, local loops, interoffice facilities, switching systems, and customer premise equipment.
2) How transmission facilities such as local loops and trunks connect different parts of the network and carry traffic.
3) Analog and digital transmission methods, including frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, and pulse code modulation to convert analog signals to digital formats.
The document provides guidelines for 3G radio network planning including coverage parameters for different network environments from dense urban to rural areas. It specifies minimum coverage levels for CPICH RSCP and HSDPA cell radius by area type. The document also includes definitions for classifying different area types and an example of how areas are defined in the Jabotabek region of Indonesia.
This document provides an overview of baseband radio transmission and digital signal processing techniques. It describes the key functions performed in baseband processing including analog to digital conversion, digital speech coding, channel coding and error correction, modulation and demodulation, multiplexing and multiple access, and digital signal processing. Standardization bodies and industry contributors that support wireless technologies are also acknowledged.
The document provides an overview of cellular communications and GSM networks. It discusses the need for cellular networks due to limitations of fixed line phones, introduces concepts like frequency reuse and channelization, and describes the components and architecture of GSM networks including mobile stations, base station controllers, switches and databases. It also summarizes the evolution of GSM standards and technology.
Technical Elements of the Public Switched Telephone Networkmkhalil26
The document discusses the technical elements of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). It describes the four main elements: (1) customer premises equipment, (2) the access system consisting of the local loop and end office switch, (3) the transport core connecting switches, and (4) signaling systems. It provides details on how analog voice signals are converted to digital pulses for transmission through the network.
Cellular LPWA technologies like LTE-M and NB-IoT provide several advantages over traditional 4G including:
1. Much lower power consumption allowing up to 10 years of battery life for devices.
2. 5-10x greater coverage area through techniques like repetitions and frequency hopping.
3. Around 50% lower costs compared to 4G through optimizations that reduce complexity and signaling overhead.
Cellular LPWA networks like LTE-M and NB-IoT provide significant improvements over previous cellular technologies in three key areas: consumption, coverage, and cost. Consumption is reduced 100x through power saving modes, extended discontinuous reception, and radio signaling optimizations. Coverage is increased 5-10x using techniques like repetitions with hybrid automatic repeat request and frequency hopping. Cost is reduced 50% through a 75% reduction in complexity, tighter integration, and economies of scale. These networks are available now globally through modules and devices from Sierra Wireless.
IRJET- Survey Paper on Performance Evaluation of 5G WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) Syste...IRJET Journal
This document provides a survey of research on evaluating the performance of 5G WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) systems using space time block coding techniques. It first introduces WiMAX and MIMO-OFDM technologies. It then discusses the IEEE 802.16 reference model and describes the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and its advantages. The document also explains space time block coding and how it can achieve transmit diversity. Finally, it concludes that WiMAX-OFDM using space time block coding can operate with lower transmit power over longer distances while tolerating more interference.
SHTEINFINANCE offers telecommunication solutions and equipment, including automatic telephone stations, IP terminals, ISDN terminals, and network infrastructure. They provide turnkey solutions tailored to customer specifications. SHTEINFINANCE develops telecom software and provides testing services to ensure high quality outcomes. They cooperate with various partners and are based in Limassol, Cyprus.
Ch_3Mobile Technologies and Services_MAM.pptxhazhamina
This document discusses the different generations of mobile technologies. It begins by defining the terms 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G, describing their key features such as available bandwidth, data transfer speeds and applications. 1G introduced analog cellular networks while 2G brought digital networks and SMS. 3G enabled high-speed data and multimedia applications. 4G aims to provide speeds of up to 1Gbps for ultra-broadband access anywhere. The document also examines some of the main differences between these generations and potential applications of future 5G networks.
TETRA is a trunked radio standard used in public safety networks. It allows for fast call setup, voice and data services, and operates in both infrastructure and ad-hoc modes. UMTS is the 3G cellular standard developed by ETSI for wide-area mobile communication. It uses W-CDMA technology and supports high data rates through variable spreading factors and orthogonal codes. UMTS has an architecture with domains for the user equipment, access network, core network and home network connected by defined interfaces.
This document discusses 5G antenna technology for user devices. It provides an overview of cellular communication evolution, mobile phone evolution, and mobile antenna evolution. It then discusses 5G introductions, applications, frequency coverage, antenna requirements, and MIMO and massive MIMO technologies as they relate to 5G. Key points covered include the need for antennas to cover low to high frequency bands for 5G, isolation and interference challenges for multi-antenna designs, and using massive MIMO arrays and beamforming to improve throughput.
ZCorum is a privately held telecommunications company with three offices in Georgia. It provides managed services, broadband diagnostics tools, end user technical support, hardware sales, network operations center services, and commercial services to help telecommunications companies reduce costs, increase efficiency, and improve the subscriber experience. ZCorum's broadband diagnostics tools allow technicians to monitor and troubleshoot issues with DOCSIS, GPON, WiFi, and other networks from a single application.
This document summarizes Sharanjit Kaur's industrial training presentation at MTNL. It introduces MTNL and provides an overview of topics covered during training, including switching, signaling, broadband, and transmission. It then describes projects undertaken and steps to improve quality of service in 3G networks, including checking equipment, monitoring KPIs, increasing bandwidth, and performing drive tests using the TEMS Investigation tool.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Digital radio teknologi
1. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
Introduction
MOTOTRBO System
MOTOTRBO Professional Digital Two-way Radio System is a digital
communications platform that combines the best of two-way radios
with digital technology.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
3
3. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview
Inputs:
Voice or
IP data
MOTOTRBO Digital Processes
1
2
3
Output:
2-slot TDMA
4
The technologies that enable MOTOTRBO to deliver benefits like greater usable range, integrated
voice and data, spectrum efficiency, and increased battery life will be explored on the next 4 slides:
1: Analog to Digital Conversion
2: Vocoding and Forward Error Correction
3. Framing
4. TDMA Transmission
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
11
4. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 1 - Analog to Digital Conversion
Analogous to how a written message is converted to a data stream by a fax machine, Analog
to Digital Conversion translates the user’s voice (microphone input) to a digital bitstream.
1
The digital bitstream contains a LOT of bits - far too many to transmit over a radio channel.
So some form of compression is required…..
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
12
5. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 2 - Vocoding & Forward Error Correction
Vocoding (Voice encoding) compresses speech by breaking it into its most important parts and encoding
them with a small number of bits. Because it focuses on human speech, it greatly reduces background noise.
2
Forward Error Correction (FEC) enables the receiving radio to correct bit errors that occur due to RF
channel impairments - enabling more consistent audio performance throughout the coverage area.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
13
6. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 3 - Framing
Framing organizes digital voice (or data) into digital packets: the voice or data becomes payload (like a letter
in an envelope) while the header describes the type of call, source and destination address, etc. (like the
addressing information on the envelope). This enables one radio to provide integrated voice and data.
3
Compressed
digital voice
Or
IP Data
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
14
Digital Packets
7. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 4 - TDMA Transmission
Transmission encoding completes the encoding process (like adding the machine-readable sorting
information on the envelope) and finally “mails the letter.”
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) organizes a channel into 2 time slots: a given radio’s transmitter is
active only for short bursts, which provides longer battery life. And by transmitting only on their alternating
time slots, two calls can share the same channel at the same time, thereby doubling spectrum efficiency.….
4
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
15
8. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Spectrum Efficiency
Today’s Analog
MOTOTRBOTM
Slot 2
Slot 1
Slot 2
Regulatory
emissions
mask
Slot 1
e
tim
Slot 2
Slot 1
frequency
frequency
12.5kHz
Channel
12.5kHz Analog
• 1 voice for each 12.5kHz channel
• 1 repeater for each channel
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
16
12.5kHz
Channel
12.5kHz TDMA
• Divides existing channel into two timeslots
• Delivers twice the capacity through repeater
• Performance is same or better than 12.5kHz FDMA
• 1 repeater does work of 2
• Reduces need for combining equipment
• Enables 40% increase in radio battery life
9. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
2 Slot TDMA
1. Radio gives priority to voice
(e.g.: if its time for radio to
send in its GPS update and
the user happens to press
PTT, the data will wait).
Voice Call 1
(or Data)
2. Radio cannot transmit and
receive at the same time.
timeslot 1
timeslot 2
timeslot 1
timeslot 2
Voice Call 2
(or Data)
timeslot 1
timeslot 2
3. Radio transmits in only one slot
at a time (e.g.: radio cannot
transmit voice on slot one
while also transmitting data on
slot two).
4. Calls are not dynamically
allocated to slots, they are
statically assigned to a
frequency and slot in CPS.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
17
10. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Reduces Infrastructure Equipment
Analog 2-Channel System
MOTOTRBO 2-Channel System
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
18
12. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Digital Audio Coverage (Cont.)
• What end user will experience with Digital Audio:
- Consistent performance throughout coverage area with no gradual fade at
the fringes.
- Digital sounds different.
- Background noise reduction.
• What end user will NOT experience with Digital Audio:
- Digital radio ‘CD quality’.
- Digital cannot solve historic problems.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
20
13. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
System Coverage Planning
Coverage Considerations
Before coverage (usable
audio range) can be
defined.
Identify the minimum
acceptable audio quality.
One accepted method is
known as Delivered
Audio Quality (DAQ).
• DAQ measures the intelligibility and quality of voice conveyed through a
communications system.
• Audio quality is measured on a 5-point scale, with the DAQ rating of 3 as the
minimal acceptable audio quality level for public safety applications.
• The definition of DAQ 3 is: ‘Speech understandable with slight effort. Occasional
repetition required due to Noise/Distortion’.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
21
14. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
System Coverage Planning (Cont.)
Coverage Considerations –
Greater Usable Range
• The figure illustrates the regions of
coverage that have comparable audio
quality for a MOTOTRBO site compared
to an equivalent analog site.
• For a DAQ 3, which is the minimum
acceptable audio quality level for public
safety applications, MOTOTRBO
provides a greater useable range than
analog when all other factors are
considered equal (e.g. transmit power
level, antenna height, terrain, etc.)
• In general, plan as you would for an
analog system at the same power level
and enjoy the better performance.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
22
15. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Frequency Licensing
• The licensing process varies from region to region.
• Emission Designators: Includes several pieces of vital information, such as
modulation, signal, type of information and size of the channel.
• This determines the channel width your system will occupy. For MOTOTRBO
systems, the Emissions Designators are
– Data only: 7K60FXD
– Voice and Data: 7K60FXE
• If you have a 12.5kHz license, you will need to update your emissions designator.
• If you have a 25kHz license, you will need to update your emissions designator.
You will generally not be allowed to break it into two – 12.5kHz channels.
• For regulators who currently assign CTCSS/DCS tones to analogue PMR channel
licenses, for MOTOTRBO they will need to assign Color Codes instead.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
23
17. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Voice Features - Group Call
• Digital Group Call is a way of enabling
groups to share a channel without
distracting and disrupting other radio users.
Channel = Frequency 1
Time slot = 1
Group List: TG_1
Rx Group List contains = TG_1
• Both transmitting and receiving radios must
be on the same logical channel (frequency
and timeslot).
• Two radio users cannot listen to each other
if they are on the same logical channel
(frequency and timeslot) but different
groups.
Tr
s
an
it
m
Transmitting Radio
Radio ID = 002
Radio Alias = Bill
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
25
• Group Call considerations:
– Which members of a functional workgroup
need to communicate with each other?
– How workgroups interact with members of
other workgroups.
– How users can collectively share the channel
resources.
18. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Voice Features - Private Call
Channel = Frequency 1
Time slot = 1
Note: “Private Call” is also
known as “Individual Call”.
• Private Call allows one-to-one
communication between transmitting and
receiving radio.
• Private Call does NOT imply encryption or
any other level of security above and
beyond the inherent level of digital privacy.
Target Radio
Radio ID = 001
Radio Alias = Tim
Tr
s
an
it
m
Transmitting Radio
Radio ID = 002
Radio Alias = Bill
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
26
• An employee could for example use a
Private Call to privately alert a specific
manager about a security incident, rather
than placing a Group Call that would be
heard by a whole group.
19. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Voice Features - All Call
Channel = Frequency 1
Time slot = 1
All Call ID (reserved) = 16777215
• All Call is a one way voice communication
between a privileged radio with other radio
users within the same logical channel.
• The transmitting radio uses a special All
Call group that enables every radio user
within the same logical channel,
(regardless of Group) to receive the
communication.
Tr
s
an
it
m
Transmitting Radio
Radio ID = 002
Radio Alias = Bill
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
27
• This feature is particularly useful when a
supervisor needs to communicate to all
radios within the same logical channel
(frequency and timeslot) rather than
individual groups or users.
20. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling
• In the framing process, vocoded speech is formatted for transmission.
• This process includes organizing the voice and any embedded signaling information.
• Information such as call type (private, group or all system) as well as identification
information and/or control information, is used to notify listeners on a voice call system
events and status.
• ‘Late entry’ allows a user to join a voice transmission that is already in progress. The
system allows for this to happen because the digital signaling information is repeated
periodically during the course of the call.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
28
21. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – PTT ID and Aliasing
• Alias - When programmed via the CPS or front panel, a user friendly
alphanumeric ‘name’ will be displayed.
• PTT ID - Allows target radio to identify the originator of a call.
Illustration on the left shows Group Call Alias for
transmitting and receiving radio.
Illustration on the right shows Private Call Alias for
transmitting and receiving radio.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
29
22. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features
• Digital Signaling features send special messaging packets over the network. Radio
Disable, Remote Monitor, Radio Check, Call Alert and Digital Emergency are types
of Digital Signaling features.
• An Acknowledging Message is received by the Initiating Radio (Acknowledging
Messages are received by the Initiating Radio for all Digital Signaling Features).
NOTE: DP 3400 and DM 3400 radios do not support all of these features because they don’t have keypad/display for menu functionality.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
30
23. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Radio Disable
• This feature typically allows a
supervisor radio to disable another
radio via over the air signaling.
Supervisor Radio
Ra
di
o
Note: A supervisor radio
simply refers to a radio
which has been configured
with privileged features.
Di
sa
bl
e
• The disabled radio displays blank
screen and is unable to make or receive
calls.
• Once disabled, the radio can only be
enabled via CPS or by a Radio
Uninhibit command from another
supervisor radio.
• This feature can be used to stop any
inappropriate use of radio, or to stop
stolen radio from functioning.
Target Radio
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
31
24. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Remote Monitor
• This feature typically allows a remote
user to activate a target radios
microphone and transmitter for a period
of time.
• A call is silently setup on the target
radio, and its PTT is controlled remotely
without any indications given to the end
user.
Supervisor Radio
Re
m
ot
e
M
on
ito
• This feature is used to ascertain the
situation of a target radio which is
powered-on, but is unresponsive.
r
Target Radio
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
32
• Situations such as theft, incapacity of
the radio user or allowing the initiator of
an emergency call to communicate
hands-free in an emergency.
25. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Radio Check
• This feature allows the initiating radio to check if a
target radio is active within the system without
notifying the user.
• Besides Busy LED, there is no visible or audible
indication on the target radio.
• The target radio automatically and silently responds
with an acknowledgement to the initiating radio.
Supervisor Radio
Ra
di
o
• If a radio user is non-responsive, Radio Check
could be used to determine if the target radio is
switched on and monitoring the channel.
Ch
ec
k
Target Radio
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
33
• If the target radio responds with an
acknowledgement, the initiator could then take
additional action such as using the Remote Monitor
command to activate the target radio’s PTT.
26. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Call Alert
• This feature allows the initiating radio to
essentially page another radio user.
• When a radio receives a Call Alert, a
persistent audible and visual alert is
presented to the target radio. The initiator
of the Call Alert is also present.
• If the target user presses the PTT when a
Call Alert screen is active, it starts a
Private Call to the initiator of the Call Alert.
Initiating Radio
Ca
ll
Al
er
t
Target Radio
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
34
• For in-vehicle applications, this can be
used in conjunction with the Horn and
Lights option. When a user is away from
his vehicle, a Call Alert can initiate the
vehicle’s horn and lights to sound and
flash, which notifies the user to return to
the vehicle and call the originator.
27. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Digital Emergency
• MOTOTRBO radio allows a radio user in
distress to send out an emergency alarm
message and emergency voice to a group.
• The emergency alarm message is
acknowledged by a single (supervisory)
radio present within the system.
Initiating Radio
Di
gi
• The emergency alarm message contains the
individual radio ID of the initiator.
ta
lE
m
er
• Revert channels can be specified for
emergencies.
ge
nc
y
Supervisor
Radio
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
35
28. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Digital Signaling Features – Digital Emergency (Cont.)
• Three alarm modes configurable via the
CPS are:
- Emergency Alarm Only
- Emergency Alarm and Call
- Emergency Alarm with Voice to Follow
• Four alarm types configurable via the
CPS are:
Initiating Radio
Di
gi
ta
lE
m
er
-
ge
nc
y
Supervisor
Radio
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
36
Disabled
Regular
Silent
Silent with Voice
29. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Multiple Groups and Channel Scan
• MOTOTRBO supports
– Multiple Groups: monitors a list of different groups on a given channel/slot
– Channel Scan: monitors a list of different channels within a system
• Channel Scan supports scanning of
– analog voice
– digital voice
– digital signaling
• Multiple Groups and Channel Scan support both repeater and direct radio
channels
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
37
30. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Multiple Groups
• The radio unmutes only when a relevant group is transmitting on the
channel.
• The relevant groups for a given channel (group members) are defined by
the Receive (Rx) Group List associated with that channel.
• One Receive (Rx) Group List can contain a maximum of 16 group
members and a maximum of 50 Receive (Rx) Group Lists can be defined.
• For repeater channels, the group call hangtime is defined by a repeater
timer and for direct radio channels, the group call hangtime is defined by a
radio timer.
• The radio is allowed to talkback to the group for the duration specified by
the group call hangtime.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
38
31. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan
• In scan mode the radio continually searches a list of channels for activity
of interest.
• The relevant channels to be scanned (scan members) for a given channel
are defined by the Scan List associated with that channel.
• One Scan List can contain a maximum of 16 “Scan Members” and a
maximum of 32 Scan Lists can be defined.
• While a radio is scanning it is looking for transmissions (voice or signaling)
addressed to itself using
• One of the group addresses in the Scan List associated with the channel it is
scanning at that moment
• It’s individual address (e.g. Private Call) or
• The “All Call” address
• A mixture of digital and analogue channels may be included in a Scan List.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
39
32. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan (Cont.)
•
If activity of interest is found, the radio stops and switches to that channel.
The radio then remains on that channel until the activity of interest has
ceased for a period of time defined by the radio “Scan Hang Timer” (or until
a higher priority call is detected).
•
Channel Scan limitations
– Since Channel Scan requires the radio to switch between channels, there is a
possibility that the radio will miss a transmission.
– The larger the Channel Scan list, the greater the possibility that a transmission
will be missed.
– The Channel Scan list should be configured to be as short as possible.
– A scanning radio will eventually detect group and “all call” transmissions via
“late entry”, however most individually addressed transmissions (e.g. Private
Call) will need to be prefixed with “Transmit (Tx) Preamble” if they are to be
detected by a scanning radio.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
40
33. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Priority Levels
• Priority levels can be configured for members of a Scan List. Three levels
of priority are:
- Priority-1
- Priority-2
- Non-Priority
• At present, Priority Scan is not available for:
- mixed analog-digital scan lists, or
- digital-only scan lists containing any repeater channels.
• Priority Scan is only available for analog-only Scan Lists and digital-only
Scan Lists containing only direct mode channels.
• Priority levels are configurable via CPS.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
41
34. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Priority Levels (Cont.)
• If the following type of activity of interest is found while the radio is
scanning:
- data addressed to the scanning radio
- an individual call (Private Call)
- Priority-1 scan member
the radio stops scanning and switches to that channel for the duration of
the call.
• If however the activity of interest is a voice group call on a Priority-2 or a
Non-Priority scan member, the radio continues to periodically scan any
higher priority scan members defined.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
42
35. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Channel Marking
• Although relatively short, its does take time to determine if a transmission
is of interest on a higher priority scan member. During this time, there is an
audio hole on the current scan member.
• Channel marking offers a way to mitigate the duration of the audio hole.
• It introduces a logic that assumes that if a transmission was identified as
not of interest, there is no need to fully review it at every scan interval.
• The feature greatly increases audio quality while a radio is in priority
sampling mode.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
43
37. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Analog Features
Introduction
• To facilitate a smooth “digital” migration from legacy “analog”
systems, MOTOTRBO also supports “analog” operation.
• MOTOTRBO portable and mobile radios are able to switch
between “analog” and “digital” operation either via user selection
(i.e. channel selector) or automatically (i.e. dual mode scan).
• MOTOTRBO repeater is configured either for analog or digital
operation.
• In analog mode, MOTOTRBO portable and mobile radios are
able to operate in either repeater or direct/talkaround mode.
• In analog mode, MOTOTRBO utilizes traditional FM technology
(both 12.5 and 25kHz channel bandwidth supported).
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
45
38. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Analog Features
Voice Features
Feature Name
Description
Time-Out Timer
Sets the amount of time that the radio can continuously transmit before the
transmission is automatically terminated.
Squelch
Special electronic circuitry added to the receiver of a radio which reduces
or squelches, unwanted signals before they are heard through the speaker.
Admit Criteria
Enables a radio to refrain from transmitting on a channel which is already in
use.
Monitor/Permanent
Monitor
The user can check channel activity by pressing the monitor button. If the
channel is clear, the user hears static. If the channel is in use, the user
hears the conversation. It also serves as a way to check the volume level of
the radio, as while pressing the monitor button, the user can adjust the
volume of the static/conversation heard.
Priority/Dual Priority
Scan
Priority Scan allows a user to program the radio to scan more frequently
transmissions on the most important channel, and ensure they do not miss
critical calls. Dual Priority Scan allows a user to program a radio to
frequently scan transmissions on the two most important channels, and
ensure they do not miss critical calls.
Talkback Scan with
Home Channel Revert
Talkback Scan allows activity on different communications channels to be
monitored and answered. Home Channel Revert allows a user to
automatically access a preferred channel.
Talkaround
Allows a user to talk directly to another unit for easy local unit-to-unit
communications and bypass the repeater.
Nuisance Channel
Delete
Allows a user to remove a channel with unwanted activity (i.e. a Nuisance
Channel) from the scan list temporarily.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
46
39. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Analog Features
Additional Features
• In analog mode, MOTOTRBO supports a limited MDC signaling
feature set (i.e. Emergency Signaling, PTT-ID and Call Alert).
• Additionally, a 3rd-party 5-tone option board is expected for
MOTOTRBO Q4 2007.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
47
41. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Overview of Data Services
MOTOTRBO supports data services in digital mode only:
•
Built-in data modem
–
–
–
–
•
Text Messaging
–
–
–
•
Standard UDP/IP – compatibility with IP applications
Internet Protocol (IPv4) addressing
Approx 2kbps protected data throughput per slot
Future enhancement - double throughput with dual-slot data
Direct radio-to-radio or via 3rd party application (future availability)
Free-form (up to 140 characters)
Pre-programmed messages entered via CPS (up to 30 messages)
Location Tracking
–
–
GPS equipped portables and mobiles available with built-in GPS receivers.
Using the integrated data services, GPS equipped portables and mobiles
are able to transmit their location coordinates over the radio system, to a
3rd party application.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
49
42. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Overview of Data Services (Cont.)
•
Telemetry
–
–
Basic built-in telemetry functionality allows the radio to translate the receipt
of a telemetry message to GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) action,
and to translate GPIO action to a transmitted text message.
Ability to configure radios as telemetry transponders. Telemetry commands
can be sent from the radio. The radios may be used to automatically send
information to the control and receive status of another device, and to send
messages to report the status of local devices. A user can enter a number
of text strings and assign an action and a destination address to each
string.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
50
43. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Accessory and Peripherals
• The MOTOTRBO Radios support an improved accessory and
peripherals interface. This new interface is Motorola’s platform for
the future accessory development and it is not backwards
compatible with older accessories.
• It supports the following capabilities:
-
Enhanced Audio Functionality
USB Capability
Core peripherals
RF Input/Output
Rugged and Submersible
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
51
44. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
MOTOTRBO Integrated Data
Application Partner Program
• The MOTOTRBO system is complete and robust enough to fulfill the
diverse needs faced by a variety of customers.
• The Application Partner Program enables third party developers to create
customized applications that add value to customers in different vertical
applications.
• Motorola provides support to third party developers who are members of
the Application Partner Program.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
52
47. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Topologies
Direct Mode
Freq 1
Digital Channel
Freq 1
MOTOTRBO Radio
MOTOTRBO Radio
MOTOTRBO Radios in Digital Direct Mode
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
55
48. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Topologies
Direct Mode - Analog Interoperability
Freq 2 (or Freq 1)
Freq 1
Analog Channel
Digital Channel
Freq 2 (or Freq 1)
Freq 1
Legacy Analog Radio
(or MOTOTRBO Radio
Analog mode)
MOTOTRBO Radio
Digital mode
MOTOTRBO Radio
Analog & Digital mode
User selects either analog or digital
direct mode
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
56
49. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Topologies
Repeater Mode
Fre
q1
Dig
ital
Fre
q2
eq
Fr
Slo
t1
1
ot
Sl
2
tal
igi
D
Ch
ann
el
l
ne
an
Ch
eq
Fr
Slo
t1
1
ot
Sl
1
MOTOTRBO Radio
Digital mode
MOTOTRBO Radio
Digital mode
Fre
q
Dig
lot
1S
ital
Fre
q2
2
MOTOTRBO Repeater
2-slot operation
el
ann
Ch
Fre
q
lot
2S
2
Dig
ita
l
Fre
q1
Slo
t2
Ch
an
ne
l
Slo
t2
MOTOTRBO Radios in Digital Repeater Mode
MOTOTRBO Radio
Digital mode
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
57
MOTOTRBO Radio
Digital mode
50. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Topologies
Repeater Mode - Analog Interoperability
Freq 2
4(
o
tal
igi
D
l
ne
an
Ch
e
Fr
An
Fre
q1
alo
g
Fre
q2
Ch
an
ne
l
Fre
q4
MOTOTRBO Repeater
2-slot operation
Dig
ita
l
Fre
q3
An
Legacy Analog Repeater
(or MOTOTRBO Repeater
Analog mode)
User selects between Digital Repeater mode or
Analog Direct / Analog Repeater mode
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
58
(
q3
Fre
q1
(o r
Fre
q2
Ch
)S
an
lot
ne
1
l
(or
Fre
q2
alo
g
or
t1
Slo
1)
eq
Fr
Fre
q
1)
Slo
t
MOTOTRBO Radio
Analog & Digital mode
Freq 4 (or F
req 2)
eq
Fr
Digital Chan
nel
Freq 2
Legacy Analog Radio
(or MOTOTRBO Radio
Analog mode)
2
eq
Fr
r
1
ot
Sl
)
Freq 4 (or F
req 2)
Analog Channel
1
Ch
an
ne
l
MOTOTRBO Radio
Analog & Digital mode
51. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Topologies
Analog to Digital Migration
• System Migration is the process of moving from one operating
platform to another (i.e.: from an analog two-way radio platform to
a digital two-way radio platform).
• Select the migration strategy based on your customer’s needs.
New / Full
System
Replacement
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
59
Migration
Preparation
52. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Topologies
Analog to Digital Migration
Strategy
Description
New / Full System
Replacement
Deploy all new MOTOTRBO equipment and operate in
digital mode only.
Migration
Transition the customer’s system from analog to digital
site by site / channel by channel / talkgroup by talkgroup.
Deploy MOTOTRBO equipment for selected sites /
channels / talkgroups and operate the system in analog
and digital mode by leveraging the radio’s capability to
scan and support both modes.
Preparation
Deploy new digital capable MOTOTRBO subscriber units
but still operate in analog (legacy) mode. Switch to digital
capability when entire fleet is MOTOTRBOTM.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
60
54. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Capacity Planning
Definition
The System Capacity is the nominal
loading that occurs on a channel that
will still result in an acceptable level of
performance and user experience.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
62
55. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Capacity Planning
Capacity Considerations
Text Messaging
Traffic
Location Tracking
Traffic
Voice
Traffic
This information determines the decision on the following:
• How many frequencies are required?
• How many channels are required?
• How will the talkgroups be distributed across the channels?
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
63
56. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Capacity Planning
Capacity Considerations - Standard Voice and Data Traffic Profiles
Calls per user per hour is an aggregate of all units and groups sharing
the channel
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
64
57. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Capacity Planning
Capacity Considerations - Loading Analysis Results
The y-axis is an approximation of how likely a customer is to encounter a busy channel given the assumptions
described in the previous slide. It's not a specification or guarantee of performance, and each customer's experience
will vary.
If there is Low Voice Only traffic, the solid pink line should be the line of reference. Based on the solid pink line, for 30
users per slot, there is good probability that a given user will find the channel to be available. In the “fair” regions of
the chart, a user is progressively more likely to encounter a busy channel.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
65
58. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Capacity Planning
Capacity Considerations - Options to Optimize Capacity
•
Distribute high usage users and talkgroups between slots of the
repeater(s).
– Keep the number of high usage users per channel to a minimum.
•
Data applications retry attempts and intervals (configure at server).
– Decrease retry attempts.
– Increase retry intervals.
•
Optimize outbound message rate of data applications (configure at
server).
– Pace outgoing messages appropriately to avoid congesting the channel.
– A MOTOTRBO radio can only buffer up to 10 messages.
•
Minimize location periodic update rate.
–
–
–
–
Lengthen the location update interval.
Only use a high update rate for selected users or in an emergency.
Minimum update rate is 5 seconds. Maximum update rate is infinite.
It is recommended that the periodic update rate should be longer than 2 minutes.
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
66
59. Systemcom A/S
jon.otterskred@nordialog.no
+47 900 20 366
System Capacity Planning
Capacity Considerations – Options to Optimize Capacity
If a channel has 10 users, and the users have High Voice Usage, then it is recommended that the Location Update
Period be set to 3.5 minutes or higher (longer).
MOTOTRBO™ Technical Training
67