types of malicious programs tgat affect computer files

1. Malicious Programs
Lesson Notes

2. Introduction
• Malicious programs are software designed to
harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a
computer system.
• They are also known as malware.

3. Types of Malicious Programs
• - Viruses
• - Worms
• - Trojans
• - Spyware
• - Adware
• - Ransomware
• - Rootkits

4. Viruses
• - Attaches to legitimate files or programs
• - Spreads when the host file is executed
• - Can corrupt, delete, or steal data

5. Worms and Trojans
• Worms:
• - Spread without user action
• - Exploit vulnerabilities in software
• Trojans:
• - Disguise as legitimate software
• - Create backdoors for attackers

6. Spyware and Adware
• Spyware:
• - Monitors user activity
• - Steals sensitive information
• Adware:
• - Displays unwanted ads
• - May track browsing habits

7. Ransomware and Rootkits
• Ransomware:
• - Encrypts files and demands ransom
• - Threatens to delete data
• Rootkits:
• - Hide presence of malware
• - Gain unauthorized root-level access

8. Prevention Tips
• - Install and update antivirus software
• - Avoid clicking suspicious links
• - Keep software and OS updated
• - Use strong passwords
• - Regularly back up important data

9. Conclusion
• Malicious programs pose serious threats to
data and privacy.
• Awareness and preventive measures are key
to protecting systems.