Software, Application, or a System that is used to analyze, manipulate, and visualize geospatial data and databases is a GIS Software. These are robust packages that are used to handle a large number of data sets. The data sets and files are limited to spreadsheets and multimedia files like video drive files and imagery from various sources. Companies that are into GIS software are ESRI, HERE Maps, Google, Bing Maps and Autodesk, etc. Along with the big guns, there are also small open-source, free wares that are doing well in the industry. I will try to cover the most widely and known software in the latter part

1. Different GIS Software. By: Saba Naveed (DS-013)
Zunaira Noor (DS-002)

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What are GIS software?
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• A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that creates,
manages, analyzes, and maps all types of data. GIS connects data
to a map, integrating location data (where things are) with all types of
descriptive information (what things are like there).
• GIS software lets you produce maps and other graphic displays of
geographic information for analysis and presentation.
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Types of GIS software:
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COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
• Many commercial GIS software are quite
expensive.
• They have excellent technical support to guide
users on the use of the software
• Commercial GIS software possesses excellent
spatial analysis, user have to wait for new
feature.
OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE
• Open source software is completely free on the
initial download
• Only Online support is provided for open
source GIS software, which is not definite and
structured.
• An analyst using open source GIS software can
add features not existing in the software.

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Types of GIS data:
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• Raster data:
A widely used method of storing geographic data.
A matrix of cells (or pixels) is organized into rows and columns (or a grid).
In a GIS setting, the cells in a raster grid can potentially represent other data
values, such as temperature, rainfall, population, or elevation.

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• Vector data:
Vector graphics, as a form of computer graphics.
It is split into three types Point, Line, and Polygon data.
It has discrete data.
It has complex data.
Examples:Administrative borders, roads, river etc.

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Most frequently used GIS Softwares.
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• Google Earth Pro. (Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D representation of Earth based
primarily on satellite imagery)
• BatchGeo: (a software that allows you to paste your location data to map it)
• Google Maps API:(Application Programming Interface). An API is a set of methods and tools that can be used
for building software applications.)
• Maptitude: (to facilitate the geographical visualization and analysis of either included data or
custom external data)
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• Scribble Maps:
(Scribble maps offer features such as setting placemark, adding images, and a number of
drawing tools)
• AutoCAD map 3D: (It is a user-friendly GIS software used by businesses for GIS
mapping)
• ArcGIS Navigator: (a mobile navigation app that uses GIS software to route your
field workforce)

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INTRODUCTIONTO
ArcGIS Software.

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ArcGIS
• ArcGIS is geospatial software to view, edit, manage and analyze geographic data, Esri (Environmental
Systems Research Institute) develops this software.
Parts of ArcGIS:
• ArcMap
By analyzing data, they can find location patterns and trends in ArcMap, users edit data and can call it their own.
• ArcCatalog
It shows only geospatial data.
• ArcScene.
Using the 3D Analyst extension, it focuses on local areas like size of the neighborhood.
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LAYERS OF ArcGIS:
The first three layers are called feature or vector layers, each containing individual functions
distinguished through the platform. These are:
• points (like landmarks, buildings)
• lines (like roads and other 1D schemata)
• polygons (like political information and geographical census, called 2D data)
• raster images (a base vector layer like an aerial picture)

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Components of GIS
A working GIS integrates five key components:
• Hardware:
The computer hardware within which the GIS data and computer software applications are stored and
accessed
• Software:
• Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information ·
• A database management system (DBMS) ·
• Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualization ·
• A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools
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Data:
This includes spatial or geographic data and attributes or related tabular data.
Integrating spatial data with related attribute data is the basis for the powerful analytic, problem-solving and
visualization functions of GIS.
People:
GIS users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the system to those who use it to
help them perform their everyday work.
Method:
A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed plan and business rules, which are the models
and operating practices unique to each organization.

13. Thank You.