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Different e-DRRM Presentation 12-GAS.pdf
- 1. EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS EFFECTSOF THE DIFFERENT EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS D R R M JOHN MARK MARASIGAN ORTIZ 12-GAS
- 2. 2027 Presentation WHAT IS EARTQUAKE? Anearthquake is the shaking of the Earth's surface caused by a sudden release of energy in the crust, typically from the movement of tectonic plates along a fault line.
- 3. About 2027 Presentation PRIMARY HAZARDS GroundShaking Ground Rupture (Surface Faulting) Liquefaction Landslides Tsunamis
- 4. 2027 Presentation GROUND SHAKING Groundshaking involves disruptive vibrations from seismic waves that travel through the Earth, damaging or collapsing buildings, bridges, and infrastructure based on intensity and duration. Structures weaken or fail due to up-and- down or sideways motion, often triggering additional issues like landslides.
- 5. 2027 Presentation GROUND RUPTURE Groundrupture, or surface faulting, occurs when the ground breaks and displaces along a fault line during an earthquake, creating fissures and offsets that can rip apart roads, pipelines, or buildings straddling the fault. This hazard is localized to the fault trace and directly offsets the surface by meters in major events.
- 6. 2027 Presentation LIQUEFACTION Liquefaction happenswhen water- saturated soil loses strength during intense shaking, temporarily behaving like a liquid and causing buildings to sink, tilt, or slide. It affects loose, sandy soils near water tables, leading to foundation failures and underground utility disruptions.
- 7. Landslides are downslopemovements of rock, soil, or debris triggered by ground shaking on unstable slopes, burying homes, blocking roads, and damming rivers. They prove more destructive than shaking in hilly areas, as seen in events like Alaska's 1964 quake. 2027 Presentation LAND SLIDE
- 8. Tsunamis form aslarge ocean waves from underwater earthquakes displacing seawater, causing coastal flooding, erosion, and inland surges that travel vast distances. They strike suddenly after offshore quakes, amplifying destruction far from the epicenter. 2027 Presentation TSUNAMI
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- 10. Fires ignite fromruptured gas lines, downed power lines, or toppled appliances during shaking, spreading rapidly in urban areas with limited firefighting due to water main breaks. They often cause more casualties and property loss than the quake itself in dense cities. 2027 Presentation FIRES
- 11. Aftershocks are smallerquakes following the main event, further damaging weakened structures and complicating rescue efforts over hours, days, or years. They hinder recovery by causing collapses in already compromised buildings. 2027 Presentation AFTERSHOOCKS
- 12. Flooding arises fromtsunamis, dam or levee failures due to shaking, or seiches in enclosed waters, inundating areas and sweeping away people or property. It extends damage beyond the initial rupture zone. FLOODING
- 13. Hazardous material spillsrelease toxic chemicals from damaged pipelines, tanks, or industrial sites, contaminating air, soil, and water with long-term health risks. Shaking topples containers, exacerbating environmental and public safety threats. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS
- 14. WHAT TO DO: BEFORE , DURING AND AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE WHAT TO DO : BEFORE , DURING AND AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
- 15. BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE Assemble anemergency kit with water (1 gallon per person per day for 3-14 days), nonperishable food, first aid supplies, flashlight, batteries, radio, medications, whistle, cash, and tools like wrench and pliers. Secure heavy furniture, appliances, and objects to walls; learn to shut off gas, water, and electricity; identify safe spots in each room. Create a family plan for meeting points, communication, and practice "Drop, Cover, and Hold On"; learn first aid and check school/work plans.
- 16. DURING AN EARTHQUAKE Drop toyour hands and knees, cover under sturdy furniture, and hold on until shaking stops; protect head and neck. If outdoors, stay away from buildings, trees, and power lines; if driving, pull over safely and stay in vehicle. Avoid doorways, windows, and elevators; do not run outside.
- 17. AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE Check forinjuries, provide first aid, and expect aftershocks; evacuate if unsafe but avoid rushing outside initially. Inspect for gas leaks, fires, or damage before using utilities; wear sturdy shoes and use flashlights, not matches. Listen to radio for updates, stay put if safe, and document damage for insurance.
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