DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIME AND SIN.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•379 views
This document discusses the key differences between crime and sin from a sociological perspective. It defines crime as an act against the laws of a country or society that is punishable, while defining sin as an act against the commands of God. The main differences are that sin can be forgiven by God but crime is not pardoned by the state, sin is judged by God while crime is judged in courts of law, and sinners will be punished in the afterlife whereas criminals face punishment in this life. The document provides types of each and their causes to understand the concepts.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Biological theory of crime
Biological theories of crime propose that criminal behavior may be influenced by biological factors. Cesare Lombroso's theory claimed that criminals have distinct physical characteristics showing their evolutionarily primitive nature. The Y chromosome theory links criminal behavior to an extra Y chromosome. William Sheldon's somatotype theory associated criminality with a mesomorphic body type. While these theories provide biological explanations for crime, they have been criticized for ignoring free will and failing to account for social and environmental influences on criminal behavior.
Crime and its types
There are several main types of crimes including crimes against persons like murder and assault, crimes against property like theft and arson, victimless crimes against morality like prostitution and gambling, white-collar crimes committed by people of high status for financial gain, and organized crime committed by structured groups controlling large illegal operations such as drug or weapons trafficking. Crimes are often unevenly distributed across demographics with young, urban, poor, and racial minorities committing some types of crimes more frequently.
nature and scope of Criminology
Criminology is the scientific study of criminal behavior and the criminal justice system. It aims to develop principles regarding crime, law, and their control and prevention. Criminology brings together academics, teachers, policy researchers, and criminal justice professionals. The scope of criminology includes studying the causes of crime and criminals, the development of criminal law, and the social, psychiatric, ecological, demographic, and physical anthropological factors related to criminality. It also examines the various societal processes for responding to law violations, such as detection, arrest, prosecution, law enforcement, and crime prevention strategies.
Biological Theory of Crime
The school was headed by medical Criminologist Cesare Lombroso, who argued that criminality was a biological trait found in some human beings. The termLombroso used to describe the appearance of organisms resembling ancestral forms of life is atavism...
Criminology powerpoint one
This document discusses several key concepts in criminology, including:
1) Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior using interdisciplinary approaches including sociology, psychology, and other fields.
2) There are different perspectives on what constitutes a crime and how crime is defined, including consensus, conflict, and interactionist views.
3) Criminologists study various aspects of crime including developing theories of causation, examining criminal justice systems, analyzing crime data, and understanding criminal behavior.
4) There are ongoing debates around defining crime and how the criminal justice system operates.
white collar crime definition extent forms in india
White collar crimes are non-violent crimes committed by high-status individuals for financial gain. Edwin Sutherland, the "father of white collar crime," defined it as crimes committed by respectable people in the course of their occupation. White collar crimes include fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, tax evasion, and other offenses that involve deception. They cause significant harm to society through financial losses, unsafe products, pollution, and an attitude of being above the law. Common in India due to its fast-growing economy, white collar crimes are addressed through laws like the Prevention of Money Laundering Act and the Indian Penal Code. Education and awareness of these crimes is needed to deter their growth.
Introduction to chiminology
This document provides an overview of criminology, including definitions, history, and theories. It discusses how criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. The history section outlines the evolution of criminology from classical to positivist to sociological approaches. Classical criminology focused on free will and choice, while positivist criminology examined internal/biological factors. Sociological criminology analyzed the influence of social structure, processes, and conflicts on criminal behavior. Contemporary criminology takes a developmental perspective, seeing criminality as dynamically influenced over time by individual characteristics and social experiences.
Schools of criminology
Three schools of criminology have been dealt with and the contribution of their respective exponents.
Recommended
Biological theory of crime
Biological theories of crime propose that criminal behavior may be influenced by biological factors. Cesare Lombroso's theory claimed that criminals have distinct physical characteristics showing their evolutionarily primitive nature. The Y chromosome theory links criminal behavior to an extra Y chromosome. William Sheldon's somatotype theory associated criminality with a mesomorphic body type. While these theories provide biological explanations for crime, they have been criticized for ignoring free will and failing to account for social and environmental influences on criminal behavior.
Crime and its types
There are several main types of crimes including crimes against persons like murder and assault, crimes against property like theft and arson, victimless crimes against morality like prostitution and gambling, white-collar crimes committed by people of high status for financial gain, and organized crime committed by structured groups controlling large illegal operations such as drug or weapons trafficking. Crimes are often unevenly distributed across demographics with young, urban, poor, and racial minorities committing some types of crimes more frequently.
nature and scope of Criminology
Criminology is the scientific study of criminal behavior and the criminal justice system. It aims to develop principles regarding crime, law, and their control and prevention. Criminology brings together academics, teachers, policy researchers, and criminal justice professionals. The scope of criminology includes studying the causes of crime and criminals, the development of criminal law, and the social, psychiatric, ecological, demographic, and physical anthropological factors related to criminality. It also examines the various societal processes for responding to law violations, such as detection, arrest, prosecution, law enforcement, and crime prevention strategies.
Biological Theory of Crime
The school was headed by medical Criminologist Cesare Lombroso, who argued that criminality was a biological trait found in some human beings. The termLombroso used to describe the appearance of organisms resembling ancestral forms of life is atavism...
Criminology powerpoint one
This document discusses several key concepts in criminology, including:
1) Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior using interdisciplinary approaches including sociology, psychology, and other fields.
2) There are different perspectives on what constitutes a crime and how crime is defined, including consensus, conflict, and interactionist views.
3) Criminologists study various aspects of crime including developing theories of causation, examining criminal justice systems, analyzing crime data, and understanding criminal behavior.
4) There are ongoing debates around defining crime and how the criminal justice system operates.
white collar crime definition extent forms in india
White collar crimes are non-violent crimes committed by high-status individuals for financial gain. Edwin Sutherland, the "father of white collar crime," defined it as crimes committed by respectable people in the course of their occupation. White collar crimes include fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, tax evasion, and other offenses that involve deception. They cause significant harm to society through financial losses, unsafe products, pollution, and an attitude of being above the law. Common in India due to its fast-growing economy, white collar crimes are addressed through laws like the Prevention of Money Laundering Act and the Indian Penal Code. Education and awareness of these crimes is needed to deter their growth.
Introduction to chiminology
This document provides an overview of criminology, including definitions, history, and theories. It discusses how criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. The history section outlines the evolution of criminology from classical to positivist to sociological approaches. Classical criminology focused on free will and choice, while positivist criminology examined internal/biological factors. Sociological criminology analyzed the influence of social structure, processes, and conflicts on criminal behavior. Contemporary criminology takes a developmental perspective, seeing criminality as dynamically influenced over time by individual characteristics and social experiences.
Schools of criminology
Three schools of criminology have been dealt with and the contribution of their respective exponents.
White collar crimes
The document defines different types of white-collar and other collar workers based on their occupation. It then discusses white-collar crime, defining it as a nonviolent crime committed by high-status individuals for financial gain. Examples of white-collar crimes include fraud, bribery, and embezzlement. The document also explores reasons for committing white-collar crimes, types of white-collar crimes, and divides them into occupational and organizational categories.
Theories of crime (criminology)
This document provides an overview of theories that attempt to explain criminal behavior. It discusses classical, neoclassical, and positivist criminological theories. Classical theory views criminal behavior as resulting from free will and aims to achieve deterrence through punishment. Neoclassical theory introduced factors like premeditation and diminished responsibility. Positivist theories view human behavior as determined and see criminals as fundamentally different. Biological theories propose innate physiological differences between criminals and non-criminals. Psychological theories explore factors like intelligence, psychoanalysis, and humanistic perspectives. Sociological theories emphasize social and environmental influences on behavior. Theories discussed include anomie, collective conscience, and the work of the Chicago School studying neighborhood crime rates.
Organized crime
This document discusses organized crime. It defines organized crime as groups that use unlawful means like violence, threats, or corruption to gain money or advantages. It describes the characteristics of organized crime groups as having teamwork, hierarchies, planning, and effective member control. The activities of organized crime include narcotics, gambling, human trafficking, and money laundering. There are different types of organized crime like gangs, racketeering, and syndicates. The document also discusses the levels of relationship between organized crime and political corruption.
Criminology Theories
This document provides an overview of several criminological theories that attempt to explain the causes of crime:
1. Classical theory views human behavior as motivated by hedonism, weighing pleasure against pain. It influenced Cesare Beccaria's view that the purpose of punishment is deterrence.
2. Functionalist theories see crime as inevitable and even necessary for society. Emile Durkheim argued crime strengthens social solidarity, while Merton's strain theory cites a disjunction between cultural goals and legitimate means of achievement as a cause of crime.
3. Marxist theories view crime as a response to inequality and economic deprivation under capitalism. Laws are made to protect the ruling class and law enforcement is biased in their favor
Concept of crime
The document discusses concepts of crime and punishment. It defines a crime as an act or omission forbidden by law and punishable by the state after a legal procedure. Two principles of criminal liability are that one must commit a forbidden act and omissions are not liable unless a duty exists. The essential elements of a crime are the guilty act (actus reus) and guilty mind (mens rea). Actus reus includes a human action, resulting injury, and a prohibited act. Mens rea includes intention, motive, knowledge, recklessness, and negligence. A person can be criminally liable for foreseeable consequences of their acts even if indirectly participating. The stages of a crime are intention, preparation, attempt,
Classical school & Positive school
The Classical School of criminology focused on free will, hedonism, and punishment fitting the crime. Key thinkers like Beccaria and Bentham believed humans were rational actors who made choices based on self-interest under a social contract. They argued punishment should be proportionate and act as a deterrent to prevent future crimes. In contrast, the Positive School that emerged later took a scientific approach, seeing criminal behavior as influenced by biological, psychological and environmental factors outside a person's control. They advocated for an evidence-based criminal justice system focused on rehabilitation rather than just punishment.
Biological Theories of Crime
Physiological theories of crime argue that criminal behavior is innate and biologically determined. Early theories included demonology which attributed crime to demonic possession, and phrenology which claimed that certain skull and facial features identified "born criminals." Later studies examined body types, with some finding convicts were more likely to be mesomorphs. Adoption studies found that adoptees with criminal biological parents were more likely to have criminal records themselves, though this was mitigated by improved social conditions. Modern biological theories examine biochemical, neurophysiological, and genetic factors but are limited as most deviant acts are committed by physically normal individuals, and biological factors do not fully explain variations in crime rates between societies.
The Elements of a Crime
To be found guilty of a criminal offence in Canada, two elements must be proven: actus reus (the physical act) and mens rea (the mental element of intent). The Crown prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused committed the prohibited act (actus reus) with criminal intent or knowledge (mens rea). Some regulatory offences are strict liability, requiring only proof of the act, while absolute liability offences do not consider intent at all.
History of criminology
The document provides a history of criminology, including its origins in the 18th century and development over time at universities around the world and in Pakistan. It discusses the objectives and methodology behind criminology and lists group members for a project. It also outlines career opportunities for criminologists, such as in criminal investigations, corrections, counseling, and teaching. Potential jobs in Pakistan are identified, including in the criminal justice system, law enforcement, and prisons. Recommendations include incorporating terrorism into criminology, providing more funding and jobs, expanding criminology education, and establishing more security and criminal psychology institutes.
Organized Crime
This document discusses organized crime, defining it as criminal activities carried out by groups of individuals. It outlines different types of crimes, reasons why people commit crimes, and some famous organized crime organizations like the mafia. The document also lists some common activities of organized crime groups such as prostitution, gambling, and money laundering. It concludes with recommendations for how to defeat organized crime, such as improving law enforcement and social programs.
Criminology ppt by_waseem_i._khan
The document discusses the evolution of the concept of crime from ancient to modern times. It notes that early societies did not clearly distinguish between criminal and civil offenses, focusing more on compensation than punishment. Over time, certain "botless" offenses emerged that involved punishment rather than compensation. This helped develop the modern concept of crime as a legal wrong remedied by state punishment. The document then categorizes different types of crimes and outlines some key elements like actus reus, mens rea, and prohibited acts. Finally, it distinguishes between the concepts of sin and crime.
White collar crime
White collar crime refers to nonviolent financial crimes committed by business and government professionals. It was first defined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as crimes committed by respectable, high-status individuals through their occupations. Examples include fraud, bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion. Factors that contribute to white collar crime include a culture of prioritizing profits over ethics, opportunities for abuse that certain jobs provide, and a lack of adequate deterrence through law and punishment. Reducing white collar crime requires greater public awareness, stronger regulatory laws and penalties, and victims being vigilant against being taken advantage of.
William Bonger's Economic Theory of causation of Crime
Power point presentation on Criminology penology and victimology, William Bonger's Economic Theory of causation of Crime by Yashavardhan Singh
The Classical School of Criminology
The Classical school of criminology emerged during the 18th century Enlightenment. It was founded by Cesare Beccaria and focused on using rational thought and human nature to reduce crime. The school believed people commit crimes by calculating costs and benefits, so punishment must be certain, swift and proportional to deter criminal behavior. They advocated for legislative reform to standardized punishments to ensure fair, equal and rapid punishment for specific crimes.
Schools of Criminology
This presentation covers the main pointers to remember while studying the schools of criminology. Compiling together in simple language, I've created a friendly presentation to help you associate the school with its salient features.
*Please open in Microsoft PPT for high definition and best effects :)
Punishment
This document discusses various theories of punishment under the Indian criminal justice system. It begins by defining punishment and distinguishing between private and public wrongs. It then outlines the main purposes of criminal justice as punishing wrongdoers and protecting society. Four main theories of punishment are described - deterrent theory, preventive theory, reformative theory, and retributive theory. The document also discusses types of punishment under the Indian Penal Code such as death, imprisonment, forfeiture of property, and fines. It analyzes some important court cases related to capital punishment and the reformative approach.
White collar crime
This document discusses white collar crime. It defines white collar crime as financially motivated nonviolent crimes committed for illegal monetary gain. Some examples of white collar crimes provided include securities fraud, embezzlement, corporate fraud, and money laundering. The document then lists and describes 25 specific types of white collar crimes. It discusses characteristics of white collar crimes such as their nonviolent nature and abuse of power and position. The conclusion summarizes that sociologist Edwin Sutherland first coined the term "white collar crime" and discusses how the definition has evolved over time.
Nature of crime
The document discusses the nature and elements of crime under criminal law. It defines crime as an act punishable by the state that is committed against society. The two main elements of most crimes are mens rea, the mental state or intent, and actus reus, the criminal act itself. It provides examples of different categories of crimes like homicide, assault, and economic offenses. It also discusses parties to a crime and factors that can influence criminal behavior.
Criminal Justice System
The document discusses the criminal justice system in India. It defines the criminal justice system and outlines its key objectives of preventing crime, punishing criminals, rehabilitating offenders, and maintaining law and order. It then describes the branches (legislative, judicial, executive), major components (police, courts, corrections), key players (police, prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges) and processes involved in the criminal justice system. It also compares the inquisitorial and adversarial approaches and discusses ways to improve the criminal justice system in India.
A Presentation on Crime and its classification
Crime originally referred to an intellectual mistake or offense against a community in ancient Greek and Latin, rather than a private wrong. In 13th century English, crime meant sinfulness. Later definitions specified crime as any felony, coining offenses, fraud, or certain misdemeanors. The document then discusses different types of crimes like victimless crimes, professional crimes, organized crime, white-collar crime, and transnational crimes.
Criminology Powerpoint One 2008
This document discusses several key concepts in criminology, including:
1) Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior using interdisciplinary approaches including sociology, psychology, and other fields.
2) There are different perspectives on what constitutes a crime and how crime is defined, including consensus, conflict, and interactionist views.
3) Criminologists study various aspects of crime including developing theories of causation, examining criminal justice systems, analyzing crime data, and understanding criminal behavior.
4) There are ongoing debates around defining crime and how the criminal justice system operates.
Bba L13 Dt Crime And Punishment
The document discusses crime and punishment. It defines crime as antisocial behavior that violates laws. It discusses several theories of crime including social, psychological, and environmental factors. It also discusses characteristics of crime such as social inequality and means of preventing crime such as probation, reformatory schools, and prisons. Theories of punishment discussed include retributive, preventive, and reformative approaches.
More Related Content
What's hot
White collar crimes
The document defines different types of white-collar and other collar workers based on their occupation. It then discusses white-collar crime, defining it as a nonviolent crime committed by high-status individuals for financial gain. Examples of white-collar crimes include fraud, bribery, and embezzlement. The document also explores reasons for committing white-collar crimes, types of white-collar crimes, and divides them into occupational and organizational categories.
Theories of crime (criminology)
This document provides an overview of theories that attempt to explain criminal behavior. It discusses classical, neoclassical, and positivist criminological theories. Classical theory views criminal behavior as resulting from free will and aims to achieve deterrence through punishment. Neoclassical theory introduced factors like premeditation and diminished responsibility. Positivist theories view human behavior as determined and see criminals as fundamentally different. Biological theories propose innate physiological differences between criminals and non-criminals. Psychological theories explore factors like intelligence, psychoanalysis, and humanistic perspectives. Sociological theories emphasize social and environmental influences on behavior. Theories discussed include anomie, collective conscience, and the work of the Chicago School studying neighborhood crime rates.
Organized crime
This document discusses organized crime. It defines organized crime as groups that use unlawful means like violence, threats, or corruption to gain money or advantages. It describes the characteristics of organized crime groups as having teamwork, hierarchies, planning, and effective member control. The activities of organized crime include narcotics, gambling, human trafficking, and money laundering. There are different types of organized crime like gangs, racketeering, and syndicates. The document also discusses the levels of relationship between organized crime and political corruption.
Criminology Theories
This document provides an overview of several criminological theories that attempt to explain the causes of crime:
1. Classical theory views human behavior as motivated by hedonism, weighing pleasure against pain. It influenced Cesare Beccaria's view that the purpose of punishment is deterrence.
2. Functionalist theories see crime as inevitable and even necessary for society. Emile Durkheim argued crime strengthens social solidarity, while Merton's strain theory cites a disjunction between cultural goals and legitimate means of achievement as a cause of crime.
3. Marxist theories view crime as a response to inequality and economic deprivation under capitalism. Laws are made to protect the ruling class and law enforcement is biased in their favor
Concept of crime
The document discusses concepts of crime and punishment. It defines a crime as an act or omission forbidden by law and punishable by the state after a legal procedure. Two principles of criminal liability are that one must commit a forbidden act and omissions are not liable unless a duty exists. The essential elements of a crime are the guilty act (actus reus) and guilty mind (mens rea). Actus reus includes a human action, resulting injury, and a prohibited act. Mens rea includes intention, motive, knowledge, recklessness, and negligence. A person can be criminally liable for foreseeable consequences of their acts even if indirectly participating. The stages of a crime are intention, preparation, attempt,
Classical school & Positive school
The Classical School of criminology focused on free will, hedonism, and punishment fitting the crime. Key thinkers like Beccaria and Bentham believed humans were rational actors who made choices based on self-interest under a social contract. They argued punishment should be proportionate and act as a deterrent to prevent future crimes. In contrast, the Positive School that emerged later took a scientific approach, seeing criminal behavior as influenced by biological, psychological and environmental factors outside a person's control. They advocated for an evidence-based criminal justice system focused on rehabilitation rather than just punishment.
Biological Theories of Crime
Physiological theories of crime argue that criminal behavior is innate and biologically determined. Early theories included demonology which attributed crime to demonic possession, and phrenology which claimed that certain skull and facial features identified "born criminals." Later studies examined body types, with some finding convicts were more likely to be mesomorphs. Adoption studies found that adoptees with criminal biological parents were more likely to have criminal records themselves, though this was mitigated by improved social conditions. Modern biological theories examine biochemical, neurophysiological, and genetic factors but are limited as most deviant acts are committed by physically normal individuals, and biological factors do not fully explain variations in crime rates between societies.
The Elements of a Crime
To be found guilty of a criminal offence in Canada, two elements must be proven: actus reus (the physical act) and mens rea (the mental element of intent). The Crown prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused committed the prohibited act (actus reus) with criminal intent or knowledge (mens rea). Some regulatory offences are strict liability, requiring only proof of the act, while absolute liability offences do not consider intent at all.
History of criminology
The document provides a history of criminology, including its origins in the 18th century and development over time at universities around the world and in Pakistan. It discusses the objectives and methodology behind criminology and lists group members for a project. It also outlines career opportunities for criminologists, such as in criminal investigations, corrections, counseling, and teaching. Potential jobs in Pakistan are identified, including in the criminal justice system, law enforcement, and prisons. Recommendations include incorporating terrorism into criminology, providing more funding and jobs, expanding criminology education, and establishing more security and criminal psychology institutes.
Organized Crime
This document discusses organized crime, defining it as criminal activities carried out by groups of individuals. It outlines different types of crimes, reasons why people commit crimes, and some famous organized crime organizations like the mafia. The document also lists some common activities of organized crime groups such as prostitution, gambling, and money laundering. It concludes with recommendations for how to defeat organized crime, such as improving law enforcement and social programs.
Criminology ppt by_waseem_i._khan
The document discusses the evolution of the concept of crime from ancient to modern times. It notes that early societies did not clearly distinguish between criminal and civil offenses, focusing more on compensation than punishment. Over time, certain "botless" offenses emerged that involved punishment rather than compensation. This helped develop the modern concept of crime as a legal wrong remedied by state punishment. The document then categorizes different types of crimes and outlines some key elements like actus reus, mens rea, and prohibited acts. Finally, it distinguishes between the concepts of sin and crime.
White collar crime
White collar crime refers to nonviolent financial crimes committed by business and government professionals. It was first defined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as crimes committed by respectable, high-status individuals through their occupations. Examples include fraud, bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion. Factors that contribute to white collar crime include a culture of prioritizing profits over ethics, opportunities for abuse that certain jobs provide, and a lack of adequate deterrence through law and punishment. Reducing white collar crime requires greater public awareness, stronger regulatory laws and penalties, and victims being vigilant against being taken advantage of.
William Bonger's Economic Theory of causation of Crime
Power point presentation on Criminology penology and victimology, William Bonger's Economic Theory of causation of Crime by Yashavardhan Singh
The Classical School of Criminology
The Classical school of criminology emerged during the 18th century Enlightenment. It was founded by Cesare Beccaria and focused on using rational thought and human nature to reduce crime. The school believed people commit crimes by calculating costs and benefits, so punishment must be certain, swift and proportional to deter criminal behavior. They advocated for legislative reform to standardized punishments to ensure fair, equal and rapid punishment for specific crimes.
Schools of Criminology
This presentation covers the main pointers to remember while studying the schools of criminology. Compiling together in simple language, I've created a friendly presentation to help you associate the school with its salient features.
*Please open in Microsoft PPT for high definition and best effects :)
Punishment
This document discusses various theories of punishment under the Indian criminal justice system. It begins by defining punishment and distinguishing between private and public wrongs. It then outlines the main purposes of criminal justice as punishing wrongdoers and protecting society. Four main theories of punishment are described - deterrent theory, preventive theory, reformative theory, and retributive theory. The document also discusses types of punishment under the Indian Penal Code such as death, imprisonment, forfeiture of property, and fines. It analyzes some important court cases related to capital punishment and the reformative approach.
White collar crime
This document discusses white collar crime. It defines white collar crime as financially motivated nonviolent crimes committed for illegal monetary gain. Some examples of white collar crimes provided include securities fraud, embezzlement, corporate fraud, and money laundering. The document then lists and describes 25 specific types of white collar crimes. It discusses characteristics of white collar crimes such as their nonviolent nature and abuse of power and position. The conclusion summarizes that sociologist Edwin Sutherland first coined the term "white collar crime" and discusses how the definition has evolved over time.
Nature of crime
The document discusses the nature and elements of crime under criminal law. It defines crime as an act punishable by the state that is committed against society. The two main elements of most crimes are mens rea, the mental state or intent, and actus reus, the criminal act itself. It provides examples of different categories of crimes like homicide, assault, and economic offenses. It also discusses parties to a crime and factors that can influence criminal behavior.
Criminal Justice System
The document discusses the criminal justice system in India. It defines the criminal justice system and outlines its key objectives of preventing crime, punishing criminals, rehabilitating offenders, and maintaining law and order. It then describes the branches (legislative, judicial, executive), major components (police, courts, corrections), key players (police, prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges) and processes involved in the criminal justice system. It also compares the inquisitorial and adversarial approaches and discusses ways to improve the criminal justice system in India.
A Presentation on Crime and its classification
Crime originally referred to an intellectual mistake or offense against a community in ancient Greek and Latin, rather than a private wrong. In 13th century English, crime meant sinfulness. Later definitions specified crime as any felony, coining offenses, fraud, or certain misdemeanors. The document then discusses different types of crimes like victimless crimes, professional crimes, organized crime, white-collar crime, and transnational crimes.
What's hot (20)
William Bonger's Economic Theory of causation of Crime
William Bonger's Economic Theory of causation of Crime
Similar to DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIME AND SIN.pptx
Criminology Powerpoint One 2008
This document discusses several key concepts in criminology, including:
1) Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior using interdisciplinary approaches including sociology, psychology, and other fields.
2) There are different perspectives on what constitutes a crime and how crime is defined, including consensus, conflict, and interactionist views.
3) Criminologists study various aspects of crime including developing theories of causation, examining criminal justice systems, analyzing crime data, and understanding criminal behavior.
4) There are ongoing debates around defining crime and how the criminal justice system operates.
Bba L13 Dt Crime And Punishment
The document discusses crime and punishment. It defines crime as antisocial behavior that violates laws. It discusses several theories of crime including social, psychological, and environmental factors. It also discusses characteristics of crime such as social inequality and means of preventing crime such as probation, reformatory schools, and prisons. Theories of punishment discussed include retributive, preventive, and reformative approaches.
New ppt
The document discusses urban crimes and their prevention. It covers various causes of crime like poverty, peer pressure, drugs, politics, religion, background, unemployment, and unequal rights. It also discusses different types of crimes like personal crimes, property crimes, hate crimes, victimless crimes, white-collar crimes, and organized crimes. Finally, it emphasizes the need to invest in social workers and their important role in criminal justice policy and preventing crime from a young age by addressing its root causes. Social workers help rehabilitate offenders and advocate for policies that address public safety while supporting vulnerable clients. Their work involves assessing risks to children and removing them from unsafe environments if needed.
Crime
Crime can be defined legally as acts that break laws and are punishable by the state, or normatively as acts that violate social norms. Criminology is the study of crime, including its causes and society's responses. Crimes include felonies, serious offenses punishable by over a year in prison, and misdemeanors, less serious crimes punishable by fines and up to a year in jail. Biological, psychological, social, and economic factors may all influence why individuals commit crimes. Societies use criminal laws and punishments to deter criminal acts and protect public safety and welfare.
Crime And justic
This presentation is talking about Types of crime in people daily which consist a few types of crime. Also differentiate the case that fall in the felony case or the in other case. This simple slide consist the section of penal code that counted in judgement for the criminal.
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docx
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and Cybercrime
New York Police Department, Times Square, New York City
Criminal cases make up a large portion of cases tried in U.S. courts. Criminal cases are bought against persons for violating federal, state, and local laws. Suspected criminals are given many rights by the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. Parties in the United States are free from unreasonable searches and seizures of evidence, and any evidence obtained illegally is considered tainted evidence and cannot be used in court. People who are suspected of a criminal act may assert their right of privilege against self-incrimination and may choose not to testify at any pretrial proceedings or at trial. Parties have a right to a public trial by a jury of their peers. In addition, if convicted of a crime, the criminal is free from cruel and unusual punishment.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. List and describe the essential elements of a crime.
2. Describe criminal procedure, including arrest, indictment, arraignment, and the criminal trial.
3. Identify and define business and white-collar crimes.
4. List and describe cybercrimes.
5. Explain the constitutional safeguards provided by the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Chapter Outline
1. Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
2. Definition of a Crime
1. CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT • Criminal Acts as the Basis for Tort Actions
3. Criminal Procedure
4. Common Crimes
1. ETHICS • Murder Conviction Upheld on Appeal
5. Business and White-Collar Crimes
1. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Corporate Criminal Liability
6. Cybercrimes
1. DIGITAL LAW • The Internet and Identity Theft
2. Case 7.1 • United States v. Barrington
7. Fourth Amendment Protection From Unreasonable Search and Seizure
1. Case 7.2 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Navarette v. California
2. Case 7.3 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Maryland v. King
3. Case 7.4 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Riley v. California and United States v. Wurie
8. Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
1. Case 7.5 • Ragland v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
9. Other Constitutional Protections
1. GLOBAL LAW • France Does Not Impose the Death Penalty
“It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.”
—Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765)
Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
For members of society to coexist peacefully and for commerce to flourish, people and their property must be protected from injury by other members of society. Federal, state, and local governments’ criminal laws are intended to afford this protection by providing an incentive for persons to act reasonably in society and imposing penalties on persons who violate the laws.
There can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a man gets depends on the amount of money he has.
Justice Black
Griffin v. Illinois 351 U.S. 12, 76 S.Ct. 585, 1956 U.S. Lexis 1059 (1956)
The Uni.
Criminologypowerpointone 2008-090519124504-phpapp01
This document discusses key concepts in criminology including the nature of crime, deviance, and social control. It defines criminology as the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. Criminologists use various social science methods and theories to study these topics. They measure crime trends, examine why societies define certain acts as criminal, develop theories of crime causation, analyze criminal justice data, and evaluate crime prevention strategies. Criminology takes both consensus and conflict perspectives on the social construction of crime.
Lecture 3
Criminal law has three main objectives: to protect people, maintain order, and punish criminals. A crime harms society and is prosecuted by the state, not private individuals. For an act to be a crime it must be forbidden by law, cause social harm, and the harm must be serious enough to warrant criminal prosecution. There are different categories of crimes such as offenses against persons or property. The government aims to prevent crime through both reactive measures like law enforcement and proactive strategies targeting social factors linked to criminal behavior. For criminal liability, an act must involve both an unlawful act and criminal intent, and the act must cause harm.
Islamic concept of crime & punishment and international Human Right Law
The core principles of the Islamic instruments that deal with the principles of criminal justification
have integrated the principles of Islamic Law into the protection of humans according to the principles of brotherhood, equality and justice, the core principles of those instruments that deal with the principles of criminal justification have integrated the principles of Islamic Law into the protection of humans according to the principles of brotherhood, equality and justice.
Essay About Crimes
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable summarizing or analyzing a document containing graphic criminal content without meaningful context or purpose.
450 WORDS MINIMUM THREADIn the chapter Crime and Punishment.docx
450 WORDS MINIMUM THREAD
In the chapter "Crime and Punishment" (429-443 in McQuilken and Copan), various alternatives to prison are presented, and a short section deals with "Christian Responsibility for Criminal Justice." Consider the ideas presented in these sections specifically in light of the USA's continuing battle with illegal drug use. (In light of this, also be aware that Michelle Alexander, in The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in an Age of Colorblindness [The New Press, 2012], has pointed out that millions of young men are in prison today for minor drug possession offences, or small crimes). Consider the different possibilities and Christian responses in this chapter, and defend, in your initial post, a possible way to deal with minor drug offences that might be more effective than jail terms. You may want to do some internet searching on the matter as well--and if so, include the sources at the bottom of your initial thread. Four Hundred words--minimum (be sure to include the word count
------------------------------------
Below is the pages from the book to use for the assignment.
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (429-443 MCQUILKEN AND COPAN)
Crime and Punishment (PAGE 429)
A crime is some activity or negligence that a human authority has decided should be punished, usually because it is deemed injurious to others. Crime and sin are not synonymous. Sin is Godward, and not all sin is criminal (lust or pride). And not all crime is sinful (publicly proclaiming Christ in certain societies).
Crime and its punishment are determined by a society, presumably for the welfare of its members and hopefully based on objective moral principles. Since crime is against others, it normally violates the biblical law of love and often harms another person. Thus, broadly speaking, it fits under the sixth commandment. The punishment of crime is certainly a life issue—depriving criminals of part or all of their lives as free citizens. But controversy rages as to the cause of crime, the nature of crime, the purpose of punishment, and the kind of punishment a just and merciful society may employ. On these issues the Bible sheds significant light.
Philosophical Issues (PAGE 430)
The cause of crime.
Until the end of the nineteenth century, crime in the West was generally considered the outworking of a sinful disposition. And even where moral implications were disallowed, crime was universally considered an act for which the criminals themselves were responsible. That began to change in the last century with other proposed explanations—physiological, psychological, sociological. Through Freud’s influence, mentally sick persons are not responsible for their behavior. The end result of the general acceptance of this approach was to distinguish between criminals who were normal and thus responsible for their crime and those who were abnormal and needed treatment, not punishment. A legal definition of insanity, determined by the Supreme Court in the M’Naghten R.
450 WORDS MINIMUM THREADAssignmentsIn the chapter Crime and.docx
450 WORDS MINIMUM THREAD
Assignments
In the chapter "Crime and Punishment" (429-443 in McQuilken and Copan), various alternatives to prison are presented, and a short section deals with "Christian Responsibility for Criminal Justice." Consider the ideas presented in these sections specifically in light of the USA's continuing battle with illegal drug use. (In light of this, also be aware that Michelle Alexander, in The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in an Age of Colorblindness [The New Press, 2012], has pointed out that millions of young men are in prison today for minor drug possession offences, or small crimes). Consider the different possibilities and Christian responses in this chapter, and defend, in your initial post, a possible way to deal with minor drug offences that might be more effective than jail terms. You may want to do some internet searching on the matter as well--and if so, include the sources at the bottom of your initial thread. Four Hundred words--minimum (be sure to include the word count
------------------------------------
Below is the pages from the book to use for the assignment.
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (429-443 MCQUILKEN AND COPAN)
Crime and Punishment (PAGE 429)
A crime is some activity or negligence that a human authority has decided should be punished, usually because it is deemed injurious to others. Crime and sin are not synonymous. Sin is Godward, and not all sin is criminal (lust or pride). And not all crime is sinful (publicly proclaiming Christ in certain societies).
Crime and its punishment are determined by a society, presumably for the welfare of its members and hopefully based on objective moral principles. Since crime is against others, it normally violates the biblical law of love and often harms another person. Thus, broadly speaking, it fits under the sixth commandment. The punishment of crime is certainly a life issue—depriving criminals of part or all of their lives as free citizens. But controversy rages as to the cause of crime, the nature of crime, the purpose of punishment, and the kind of punishment a just and merciful society may employ. On these issues the Bible sheds significant light.
Philosophical Issues (PAGE 430)
The cause of crime.
Until the end of the nineteenth century, crime in the West was generally considered the outworking of a sinful disposition. And even where moral implications were disallowed, crime was universally considered an act for which the criminals themselves were responsible. That began to change in the last century with other proposed explanations—physiological, psychological, sociological. Through Freud’s influence, mentally sick persons are not responsible for their behavior. The end result of the general acceptance of this approach was to distinguish between criminals who were normal and thus responsible for their crime and those who were abnormal and needed treatment, not punishment. A legal definition of insanity, determined by the Supreme Court in the ...
Speaking out against prejudice and discriminationBy Dave Finkeln.docx
Speaking out against prejudice and discrimination
By Dave Finkelnburg
Expressions of support for Muslim students and Muslim community members here speak well for Pocatello. The outpouring of concern for local Muslims has been both heartfelt and sincere.
It appears, though, that many international students will not be back here next fall. That’s not just because two Middle Eastern countries announced they will no longer provide scholarship support for students from their nations attending Idaho State University. Muslims, and even individuals who appear to be Middle Eastern, have reason to fear for the welfare of themselves and their families here. The fact that Pocatello is not the anti-Muslim community media reports have claimed will not readily change that.
“What can we do to help?” has been the most common question I have heard in response to news last week that the stabbing of a Middle Eastern student at ISU may have been a hate crime. That incident was just the latest in a string of anti-Muslim acts in Pocatello recently.
Tout Middle Article Injection Point
I am distressed that such intolerance can rear its ugly head in this community I’ve called home most of my life. Here are some thoughts about what’s happening and, more important, what can be done about it.
We are a community governed by laws. Those laws take effect after some wrong has occurred. A criminal prosecution, though it may punish the perpetrator, does not repair the damage of the crime.
Even if someone is ever charged for stabbing an ISU student while calling him a “terrorist,” that charge will not heal the knife wounds. Nor will it restore the sleep lost by parents worrying about the safety of their children or even make others feel secure in their homes and daily lives.
While laws are necessary and useful, they cannot and do not, by themselves, solve the problems of prejudice and intolerance. Only people who are willing to speak out and act against discrimination and hate can have that effect.
There will, of course, be those who continue to promote intolerance. An estimated 15 to 20 percent of our friends and neighbors live in an echo chamber of discrimination. They get so much feedback from sources of intolerance that they actually believe their views are widely held. Only by speaking out is it possible to show them they are wrong.
Here’s one such example. “Dear Neighbors,” read a hand-written card delivered on Saturday to the home of foreign students near ISU. “We want you to know that we are HAPPY to have you living in our neighborhood. There are a few hateful people doing scary things in Pocatello right now, but most of us are pleased that you are here. We appreciate the diversity you bring to our small town and university and feel terrible about recent events.” The card, which originated with a middle-aged couple, was also signed, with personal notes, by others.
If you want to know what you can do, do as these fine folks have done. Speak up. Offer a kind word or ge.
1 Crime, Criminal Justice, andCriminologyLearning Obj
1: Crime, Criminal Justice, and
Criminology
Learning Objectives
This section will broadly introduce crime, criminal justice, and criminology. This section is designed to be a
broad overview of what the subsequent chapters will cover in detail. It also demonstrates how the United States
create laws, policies enacted to enforce laws, and the role of the media. After reading this section, students will be
able to:
• Understand the differences between deviance, rule violations, and criminality
• Explain the differences between the interactionist, consensus, and conflict views in the creation of
laws
• Identify the three components of the criminal justice system
• Discuss the differences between crime control and due process model, and application examples to
each
• Describe the wedding cake model theory and application examples to each tier
• Briefly explain the role of the media and how media may spread myths in society
• Briefly understand the unique role of victims in the criminal justice process
Background Knowledge Probe: The goal here is to assess current knowledge about the criminal
justice system at the start of the course. Each of these topics is covered throughout the course, and they will
often be a controversial topic and topic for debate.
You will indicate whether you know each statement to be True or False, but there is no right or wrong
answer since it is just to assess your background knowledge.
1. Blacks commit more crime than any other racial group.
9
2. The United States has the lowest recidivism rates in the world (return to prison).
3. The death penalty is cheaper than life imprisonment.
4. Politicians shape our thoughts on crime, even if they are inaccurate.
5. Children are most likely to be killed by a stranger.
6. A stranger is most likely to physically harm you.
7. White-collar crime costs our country more every year than street-crime.
8. Juveniles are more violent today than ever before.
9. Immigrants commit more crime than native-born people.
10. Violent crime has risen in the United States over the last 20 years.
ALISON S. BURKE, DAVID CARTER, BRIAN FEDOREK, TIFFANY MOREY, LORE RUTZ-BURRI, AND SHANELL
SANCHEZ
10
1.1. Crime and the Criminal Justice System
SHANELL SANCHEZ
Theft as a Child
The first lesson in crime and criminality I remember was when I was in second grade and stole something from
a local drug store. I thought that the bracelet was shiny and perfect. At first, I remember wanting to try it on, but
then I did not want to take it off. I had more questions than my Nana may have been ready to answer about why I
did it and why I could not keep it. I had to take the bracelet back, which hurt because I loved it. Because of guilt or
shame, I told my grandma what I did.
Think about a time in your life that you may have done something similar. Was this first lesson in crime and
criminality from the person you were raised by such as a parent(s) or grandparent(s)? Did they ...
1 Crime, Criminal Justice, andCriminologyLearning Obj
1: Crime, Criminal Justice, and
Criminology
Learning Objectives
This section will broadly introduce crime, criminal justice, and criminology. This section is designed to be a
broad overview of what the subsequent chapters will cover in detail. It also demonstrates how the United States
create laws, policies enacted to enforce laws, and the role of the media. After reading this section, students will be
able to:
• Understand the differences between deviance, rule violations, and criminality
• Explain the differences between the interactionist, consensus, and conflict views in the creation of
laws
• Identify the three components of the criminal justice system
• Discuss the differences between crime control and due process model, and application examples to
each
• Describe the wedding cake model theory and application examples to each tier
• Briefly explain the role of the media and how media may spread myths in society
• Briefly understand the unique role of victims in the criminal justice process
Background Knowledge Probe: The goal here is to assess current knowledge about the criminal
justice system at the start of the course. Each of these topics is covered throughout the course, and they will
often be a controversial topic and topic for debate.
You will indicate whether you know each statement to be True or False, but there is no right or wrong
answer since it is just to assess your background knowledge.
1. Blacks commit more crime than any other racial group.
9
2. The United States has the lowest recidivism rates in the world (return to prison).
3. The death penalty is cheaper than life imprisonment.
4. Politicians shape our thoughts on crime, even if they are inaccurate.
5. Children are most likely to be killed by a stranger.
6. A stranger is most likely to physically harm you.
7. White-collar crime costs our country more every year than street-crime.
8. Juveniles are more violent today than ever before.
9. Immigrants commit more crime than native-born people.
10. Violent crime has risen in the United States over the last 20 years.
ALISON S. BURKE, DAVID CARTER, BRIAN FEDOREK, TIFFANY MOREY, LORE RUTZ-BURRI, AND SHANELL
SANCHEZ
10
1.1. Crime and the Criminal Justice System
SHANELL SANCHEZ
Theft as a Child
The first lesson in crime and criminality I remember was when I was in second grade and stole something from
a local drug store. I thought that the bracelet was shiny and perfect. At first, I remember wanting to try it on, but
then I did not want to take it off. I had more questions than my Nana may have been ready to answer about why I
did it and why I could not keep it. I had to take the bracelet back, which hurt because I loved it. Because of guilt or
shame, I told my grandma what I did.
Think about a time in your life that you may have done something similar. Was this first lesson in crime and
criminality from the person you were raised by such as a parent(s) or grandparent(s)? Did they ...
Crimes
The document discusses different types of crimes and crime statistics. It defines property crimes, public order crimes, and violent crimes. It provides examples of some specific crimes like rape, kidnapping, and rioting. It also lists some countries with high crime rates, like Colombia, South Africa, the US, and Brazil, and some countries with low crime rates, like Russia and South Korea.
Crime in india
The document provides an overview of criminal law in India. It discusses the Indian Penal Code, which covers a wide range of offenses like murder, assault, theft and more. It also examines the causes of crime, including biological factors, poor family relationships, and societal pressures. The document outlines different classes of offenders and components of crime like intent, malice, motives, and defenses like capacity, exculpatory defenses, and justification.
Similar to DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIME AND SIN.pptx (18)
Sociological aspects of crime ankush forensic science
Sociological aspects of crime ankush forensic science
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docx
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docx
Criminologypowerpointone 2008-090519124504-phpapp01
Criminologypowerpointone 2008-090519124504-phpapp01
Islamic concept of crime & punishment and international Human Right Law
Islamic concept of crime & punishment and international Human Right Law
450 WORDS MINIMUM THREADIn the chapter Crime and Punishment.docx
450 WORDS MINIMUM THREADIn the chapter Crime and Punishment.docx
450 WORDS MINIMUM THREADAssignmentsIn the chapter Crime and.docx
450 WORDS MINIMUM THREADAssignmentsIn the chapter Crime and.docx
Speaking out against prejudice and discriminationBy Dave Finkeln.docx
Speaking out against prejudice and discriminationBy Dave Finkeln.docx
1 Crime, Criminal Justice, andCriminologyLearning Obj
1 Crime, Criminal Justice, andCriminologyLearning Obj
1 Crime, Criminal Justice, andCriminologyLearning Obj
1 Crime, Criminal Justice, andCriminologyLearning Obj
Recently uploaded
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingSAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Recently uploaded (20)
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIME AND SIN.pptx
- 1. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIME AND SIN SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHTS 06.05.2023 (SATURDAY) BY MUHAMMAD NAUSHER PHD SCHOLAR (SOCIOLOGY) 0303-7871019
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The learners will be able to: a) Understand the concept of Crime & Sin b) Types of Crime & Sin c) Results of Crime & Sin d) Difference between Crime & Sin e) Penalties for Crime & Sin
- 3. CRIME Definition: 1. A crime is an act , that a person does, which is against the laws of a country or region. 2. A crime is an act or omission that breaks an existing law, is harmful to an individual or society as a whole and is punishable by law. A person who does this is called a criminal. • The basic idea of what things are called "crimes" is that they are thought to be things that might cause a problem for another person. Things like killing another person, injuring another person, or stealing from another person are crimes in most countries.
- 4. NATURE OF CRIME A crime consists of an act defined as criminal and the requisite “ criminal intent”. A person who does this is called a criminal. • The basic idea of what things are called "crimes" is that they are thought to be things that might cause a problem for another person. Things like killing another person, injuring another person, or stealing from another person are crimes in most countries.
- 5. TYPES OF CRIME: There are different types of crime in society: Crime against person Crime against property Crime against morality White-collar crime Organized crimes
- 6. CAUSES OF CRIME: There are many causes of crime: 1. Inequality 2. Not sharing power 3. Lack of support to families and neighborhoods 4. Real & perceived inaccessibility to services 5. Lack of leadership in communities 6. Low value placed on children & individuals well- being 7. Over exposure to television/mobile as a means of recreation
- 7. CAUSES OF CRIME IN SOCIETY: 1. Poverty 2. Peer pressure 3. Drugs 4. Politics 5. Religion 6. Background 7. Society 8. Unemployment 9. Unequal rights 10. Unfair justice system
- 8. SIN Definition: Sin is an important concept in Islamic ethics. Muslims see sin as anything that goes against the commands of God (Allah), a breach of the laws and norms laid down by religion. Islam teaches that sin is an act and not a state of being. It is believed that God weighs an individual's good deeds and against their sins on the Day of Judgment and punishes those individuals whose evil deeds outweigh their good deeds. These individuals are thought to be sentenced to afterlife in the fires of hell.
- 9. SIN There are four kinds of sin Sin of Attitude Sin of Action Sin of Neglect Sin of Intent
- 10. CRIME AND SIN The difference between sin and crime is that a sin is an opposed to God’s will, and crime is opposed to the civil laws, that we ourselves have put in place. According to Islam: Sin is rejecting or breaking the Laws of Allah but crime is breaking the law of the land, nation, state or community. Sin in the eyes of Allah can be forgiven but the state authority does not pardon crime.
- 11. CRIME AND SIN Sin is punished by Allah or others directed by Allah but crime is punished according to law of the state. Sin is judged by Allah but crime is judged by the court of law. Sin cannot be hidden from Allah but crime can be concealed from the state.
- 12. CRIME AND SIN Sinners will definitely be punished in the hereafter but criminals get their punishment in the world. Parts of the body testify against sin but this does not happen in crime. When you cross the purview of a religious system then you are called a sinner and the act is called committing a ‘sin’. On the other hand a ‘crime’ is basically going against the law of your native state or wherever you are residing at the moment.
- 13. CRIME FORMULA A crime rate is calculated by dividing the number of reported crimes by the total population. The result is then multiplied by 100,000.