Diarreal diseases in children
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
6 likes•171 views
This is a summary on the causes of diarrhea diseases in children, it gives also an approach to assessment and classification.as well as appropriate management of dehydration in such patients.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
AD
This document provides guidelines from UNICEF and IAP on the management of acute watery diarrhea. It defines diarrhea and describes the clinical types. It discusses determining the degree of dehydration and selecting treatment plans. Treatment plans A, B, and C are outlined for preventing, treating some, and treating severe dehydration respectively. Details are given on oral rehydration, intravenous rehydration, continuing feeding, giving zinc and antimicrobials. Prevention of diarrhea and vitamin A deficiency are also covered.
Management of diarrhoea
This document provides guidelines for the management of diarrhoea. It discusses oral rehydration therapy using oral rehydration solution and continued feeding. Zinc supplements are recommended. Additional therapies discussed include probiotics and antibiotics in certain cases. The document outlines plans for managing different levels of dehydration, from no dehydration to severe dehydration. It also discusses prevention strategies such as breastfeeding, handwashing, immunizations and vitamin A supplements.
Pediatric Infective Diarrhoea in Developing countries
This document discusses diarrhea in infants and young children. It begins by defining diarrhea and describing common causes such as viral and bacterial infections. It then outlines key clinical features including symptoms of dehydration and complications. A case study is presented of an 18-month-old girl with diarrhea, fever, cough and vomiting, and management of her condition is discussed including use of oral rehydration solution and monitoring for dehydration. Home care and indications for hospitalization are also addressed.
Diarrhoea in Children
Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, killing around 760,000 children each year. Rotavirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea, especially in children between 3-24 months of age. Proper management of diarrhea involves rehydration, zinc supplementation, and continued feeding. Rehydration is classified into Plans A, B, and C depending on whether the child has no, some, or severe dehydration. Zinc supplementation and continued feeding are also important to prevent prolonged diarrhea and malnutrition. Vaccination and preventative measures like safe drinking water can help reduce the prevalence of diarrhea in children.
Diarrhoea in children
Diarrhoea is passage of three or more loose stools or watery stools in a 24-hour period.
The main cause of death from acute diarrhoea is dehydration, which results from the loss of fluid and electrolytes in diarrhoeal stools.
Diarrhoea
DIARRHOEA IS LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY IN INDIA AS WELL AS GLOBALLY .THIS IS NICE PPT BASED ON WHO GUIDELINES,DIARRHOEA IS EASY TO TREAT BUT STILL IT IS IS 2ND MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHILDHOOD MORTALITY AFTER PNEUMONIA
Acute diarrhea in children MBBS Lecture
This document provides information on acute diarrhea, including its definitions, classification, common causes, symptoms, signs, and management. It describes acute diarrhea as lasting less than two weeks, while persistent diarrhea lasts over two weeks. Common causes include viral, bacterial, and parasitic gastroenteritis from pathogens like rotavirus, E. coli, salmonella, shigella, cryptosporidium, and giardia. Management involves rehydration based on the degree of dehydration, with oral rehydration solution for some dehydration and intravenous fluids for severe dehydration. Antibiotics may be used for bloody diarrhea or prolonged cases. Zinc supplementation can reduce diarrhea duration and severity.
Prevention of diarrhoea
The document discusses various methods for preventing diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections. It recommends improved sanitation through access to clean water and proper excreta disposal. Maintaining hygiene through hand washing, especially before eating and after using the latrine, is essential. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continuing breastfeeding with proper weaning can protect against diarrhoea. Immunization, zinc supplementation, and avoiding overcrowding can also help prevent diarrhoea and respiratory infections. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation, avoiding indoor pollution and drinking fluids can reduce respiratory infections.
Recommended
AD
This document provides guidelines from UNICEF and IAP on the management of acute watery diarrhea. It defines diarrhea and describes the clinical types. It discusses determining the degree of dehydration and selecting treatment plans. Treatment plans A, B, and C are outlined for preventing, treating some, and treating severe dehydration respectively. Details are given on oral rehydration, intravenous rehydration, continuing feeding, giving zinc and antimicrobials. Prevention of diarrhea and vitamin A deficiency are also covered.
Management of diarrhoea
This document provides guidelines for the management of diarrhoea. It discusses oral rehydration therapy using oral rehydration solution and continued feeding. Zinc supplements are recommended. Additional therapies discussed include probiotics and antibiotics in certain cases. The document outlines plans for managing different levels of dehydration, from no dehydration to severe dehydration. It also discusses prevention strategies such as breastfeeding, handwashing, immunizations and vitamin A supplements.
Pediatric Infective Diarrhoea in Developing countries
This document discusses diarrhea in infants and young children. It begins by defining diarrhea and describing common causes such as viral and bacterial infections. It then outlines key clinical features including symptoms of dehydration and complications. A case study is presented of an 18-month-old girl with diarrhea, fever, cough and vomiting, and management of her condition is discussed including use of oral rehydration solution and monitoring for dehydration. Home care and indications for hospitalization are also addressed.
Diarrhoea in Children
Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, killing around 760,000 children each year. Rotavirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea, especially in children between 3-24 months of age. Proper management of diarrhea involves rehydration, zinc supplementation, and continued feeding. Rehydration is classified into Plans A, B, and C depending on whether the child has no, some, or severe dehydration. Zinc supplementation and continued feeding are also important to prevent prolonged diarrhea and malnutrition. Vaccination and preventative measures like safe drinking water can help reduce the prevalence of diarrhea in children.
Diarrhoea in children
Diarrhoea is passage of three or more loose stools or watery stools in a 24-hour period.
The main cause of death from acute diarrhoea is dehydration, which results from the loss of fluid and electrolytes in diarrhoeal stools.
Diarrhoea
DIARRHOEA IS LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY IN INDIA AS WELL AS GLOBALLY .THIS IS NICE PPT BASED ON WHO GUIDELINES,DIARRHOEA IS EASY TO TREAT BUT STILL IT IS IS 2ND MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHILDHOOD MORTALITY AFTER PNEUMONIA
Acute diarrhea in children MBBS Lecture
This document provides information on acute diarrhea, including its definitions, classification, common causes, symptoms, signs, and management. It describes acute diarrhea as lasting less than two weeks, while persistent diarrhea lasts over two weeks. Common causes include viral, bacterial, and parasitic gastroenteritis from pathogens like rotavirus, E. coli, salmonella, shigella, cryptosporidium, and giardia. Management involves rehydration based on the degree of dehydration, with oral rehydration solution for some dehydration and intravenous fluids for severe dehydration. Antibiotics may be used for bloody diarrhea or prolonged cases. Zinc supplementation can reduce diarrhea duration and severity.
Prevention of diarrhoea
The document discusses various methods for preventing diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections. It recommends improved sanitation through access to clean water and proper excreta disposal. Maintaining hygiene through hand washing, especially before eating and after using the latrine, is essential. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continuing breastfeeding with proper weaning can protect against diarrhoea. Immunization, zinc supplementation, and avoiding overcrowding can also help prevent diarrhoea and respiratory infections. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation, avoiding indoor pollution and drinking fluids can reduce respiratory infections.
Diarrhoea management
This document discusses acute diarrheal diseases, including their causes, risk factors, modes of transmission, clinical presentations, and methods of treatment and prevention. It notes that diarrhea is a major killer of children under 5 worldwide and in India. Oral rehydration therapy using reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution is the primary treatment. Prevention strategies include improved maternal and child health practices, vaccination, vitamin A supplementation, and health education.
cholera and diarrhoea
This document provides information on a lesson plan about diarrhea presented by Ms. B. Hemalatha. It begins with an introduction stating that diarrhea is a leading cause of death in developing countries, killing over 10 million children under 5 each year. It then defines diarrhea and describes the clinical types including acute watery diarrhea, acute bloody diarrhea, persistent diarrhea, and diarrhea with severe malnutrition. It discusses the epidemiological determinants of diarrhea including common pathogens, reservoirs of infection, host factors, and environmental factors. It covers the modes of transmission and prevention and control methods such as oral rehydration therapy and vaccination.
Diarrhoea treatment
- Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among children under 5 years old, responsible for over 5 million deaths per year globally, including over 1 million in India alone.
- Common pathogens that cause diarrhoea include rotavirus, E. coli, shigella, campylobacter, vibrio cholerae, salmonella, cryptosporidium. Treatment focuses on rehydration, nutrition maintenance, and drug therapy.
- Rehydration can be done orally using oral rehydration salts or intravenously for severe cases. Proper rehydration therapy is critical to manage dehydration and treat the underlying cause of diarrhoea.
Ors indore pedicon 2014 workshop
This document discusses India's contributions to the treatment of diarrhea through oral rehydration therapy (ORT). It summarizes that ancient Indian physicians first described treating diarrhea with oral fluids over 2500 years ago. In the 1800s, IV fluids were used to treat cholera but ORT became standard by the 1900s. In the late 1950s-1970s, Indian doctors demonstrated that ORT with oral rehydration salts (ORS) could treat cholera with very low mortality rates. Subsequent research in India and elsewhere uncovered the sodium-glucose transport mechanism in the intestine that makes ORT effective. This led to recognition of ORT as a major medical advancement. The document discusses formulations of ORS and clinical cases demonstrating management of
Diarrhoea in children
The document provides an overview of diarrhea including definitions, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, evaluation of dehydration, treatment including oral rehydration solutions, and prevention. It discusses approaches to acute, prolonged, persistent, and chronic diarrhea. Evaluation involves assessing dehydration, laboratory tests, and considering various infectious, inflammatory, and structural etiologies.
Diarrhoea
The document discusses diarrhea, its causes, types, risk factors, symptoms, management and prevention. Diarrhea is defined as having 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day and can be acute (lasting less than 14 days) or chronic (lasting 3 weeks or more). It is a major cause of death in children, especially in developing countries. Proper management includes oral rehydration with WHO recommended amounts of ORS. Prevention focuses on improved hygiene, sanitation, breastfeeding and nutrition.
Diarrhoea prevention and control
Diarrhoea is a major cause of death in children under 5 years old worldwide. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) are the primary treatment for diarrhoea to prevent dehydration. Zinc supplementation for 14 days is also recommended. Probiotics like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 can help treat diarrhoea. Continued feeding and providing extra fluids is important during and after diarrhoea to prevent malnutrition and further illness.
Oral rehydration therapy
The document discusses diarrhoea and oral rehydration therapy. It defines diarrhoea as having 3 or more loose stools in 24 hours, which can be caused by decreased electrolyte absorption or increased secretion in the intestines. Oral rehydration therapy is described as an important treatment that replaces lost fluids and electrolytes through a special mixture of water, glucose and salts. When used to treat diarrhoea, oral rehydration therapy can decrease the risk of death by up to 93% and has played a key role in reducing child mortality from diarrhoea globally.
Diarrhoea mx
This document discusses the control of diarrhoeal diseases. It begins by defining diarrhoea and describing the types of diarrhoeal diseases such as acute watery diarrhoea, acute bloody diarrhoea, and persistent diarrhoea. It then discusses the magnitude of diarrhoeal diseases globally and in India, describing that diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years old worldwide. The document outlines the three essential elements in managing diarrhoea - rehydration therapy, zinc supplementation, and continued feeding. It provides details on assessing and treating dehydration, including treatment plans for severe and some dehydration.
Complications associated with recurrent diarrhea
Recurrent diarrhea is associated with many a number of complications. Out of them dehydration,malnutrition ,failure to thrive, electrolyte imbalances, micro nutrient deficiencies (vitamins & minerals) and severe systemic infections. Here an extensive description is given about these and the relevant management facts are given then and there.
Control of diarrheal diseases
This document discusses diarrhea, its disease burden, and strategies for control and treatment. It notes that diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 globally and kills over 750,000 young children each year. The national program for control of diarrheal diseases aims to reduce mortality, morbidity, hospital admissions, and outbreaks through standardized case management, training, social mobilization, surveillance, and improved sanitation. Proper use of oral rehydration salts is emphasized as a major breakthrough in combating diarrhea by replacing fluids and electrolytes lost.
Dehydration
Children are at risk of dehydration if they have diarrhea, vomiting, inability to tolerate fluids, malnutrition, or are infants under 6 months old. Dehydration is assessed clinically and treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS) for mild to moderate cases and IV fluids for severe cases. Treatment involves fluid replacement based on weight, replacement of ongoing losses, and continued feeding. Close monitoring of intake, output, vital signs and labs is important. Antimicrobials may be needed depending on the causative organism. The rate of correction for sodium abnormalities is crucial to avoid complications.
Dirrhoea
1. Diarrhea is caused by infections that imbalance the intestines' fluid and electrolyte processes, commonly from rotavirus in children. It can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and death.
2. Nursing management of diarrhea involves monitoring for complications, maintaining hydration through oral rehydration and continued feeding, and treating any underlying infections.
3. Treatment plans include oral rehydration with zinc at home, or intravenous rehydration in clinic for severe cases along with continued feeding and antibiotics if needed.
Management of diarrhoea in child & pregnant women
This document discusses the management of diarrhea in children and pregnant women. It provides information on common pathogens that cause diarrhea, rehydration strategies like oral rehydration solution and intravenous fluids, maintaining nutrition during diarrhea, and choices of drug treatment based on the identified pathogen. The key points are: more than 5 million children under 5 die from diarrhea annually in India; oral rehydration with WHO's new lower sodium and glucose formula is preferred if fluid loss is mild; intravenous fluids like Ringer's lactate are given for more severe dehydration; maintaining nutrition with foods like milk and bananas during diarrhea; and targeted antibiotic treatment depending on the identified diarrhea-causing bacteria or parasite.
Acute diarrheal disease management
This document provides guidance on assessing and managing acute diarrhea in children. It describes how to take a thorough patient history and conduct a physical exam to evaluate dehydration. Three treatment plans are outlined for: no dehydration (plan A involving oral rehydration), some dehydration (plan B with oral and intravenous rehydration), and severe dehydration (plan C requiring intravenous therapy). The document provides details on oral rehydration solution composition and administration guidelines for rehydration based on a patient's age, weight, and degree of dehydration.
Acute diarrhoea management
This document outlines the management of acute diarrhea according to severity:
Plan A is for no dehydration and involves oral rehydration solution and education. Plan B is for some dehydration and treats in hospital with calculated fluid replacement. Plan C is for severe dehydration and involves intravenous fluids like ringer lactate with dextrose. Dietary management continues breastfeeding and provides enriched staple foods while avoiding high fiber. Zinc supplementation and probiotics may be used, while antibiotics and antimotility drugs are usually not recommended.
approach to the patient of Acute Diarrhoea
This document discusses the approach to a patient presenting with acute diarrhea, which is defined as 3-4 loose stools per day lasting less than 2 weeks. The most common causes are infections (90%), with inflammatory causes including Shigella, Salmonella, and Clostridium difficile. The history should inquire about travel, food, and medication exposures. The exam evaluates for dehydration by checking vital signs and skin turgor. Rehydration is the primary treatment, using oral rehydration solution for mild to moderate cases and IV fluids for severe dehydration. Antibiotics may be used for inflammatory cases while anti-diarrheals are only suitable for mild non-inflammatory diarrhea. Prevention involves
Acute gastroenteritis and fluid management
This document provides guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis and fluid replacement. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, signs and symptoms, and pathophysiology of acute gastroenteritis. Management involves treating dehydration and fluid/electrolyte imbalances. For dehydration, oral rehydration solution is recommended. Fluid replacement is based on the degree of dehydration. Ongoing losses must be replaced. Zinc and vitamin A can help reduce severity and duration. Electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia are also addressed.
Diarrhea paediatric nursing
Diarrhea is defined as passing 3 or more loose stools per day and is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 globally. Every year around 1.5 to 2 billion deaths are caused by diarrheal diseases. Diarrhea is classified based on duration, clinical presentation, and physiology. The causes include infections, drugs, dietary factors, and surgical conditions. Management focuses on rehydration through replacement of fluids, administration of prescribed drugs, maintaining nutrition, and educating mothers on prevention.
Diarrhoea prevention and control
This document provides an overview of diarrheal disease including its causes, classification, management, and prevention. It discusses that diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 globally. The main points are: acute watery diarrhea accounts for over 75% of cases; continued feeding and oral rehydration solutions are the primary treatment; zinc and probiotics can help prevent and treat diarrhea; and diarrhea management should focus on preventing dehydration through oral rehydration.
CONTROL OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASES.pptx
acute diarrhoeal diseases, community medicine, epidemiology, management, social and preventive medicine
Diarrhoeal diseases
Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years old globally. Proper management of diarrhoea involves oral rehydration therapy, zinc supplementation, and continued feeding. For severe dehydration, intravenous rehydration is required followed by a transition to oral rehydration. Zinc supplementation for 14 days is recommended to reduce diarrhoea duration and future episodes. Continued feeding is important to prevent malnutrition from worsening diarrhoea outcomes.
More Related Content
What's hot
Diarrhoea management
This document discusses acute diarrheal diseases, including their causes, risk factors, modes of transmission, clinical presentations, and methods of treatment and prevention. It notes that diarrhea is a major killer of children under 5 worldwide and in India. Oral rehydration therapy using reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution is the primary treatment. Prevention strategies include improved maternal and child health practices, vaccination, vitamin A supplementation, and health education.
cholera and diarrhoea
This document provides information on a lesson plan about diarrhea presented by Ms. B. Hemalatha. It begins with an introduction stating that diarrhea is a leading cause of death in developing countries, killing over 10 million children under 5 each year. It then defines diarrhea and describes the clinical types including acute watery diarrhea, acute bloody diarrhea, persistent diarrhea, and diarrhea with severe malnutrition. It discusses the epidemiological determinants of diarrhea including common pathogens, reservoirs of infection, host factors, and environmental factors. It covers the modes of transmission and prevention and control methods such as oral rehydration therapy and vaccination.
Diarrhoea treatment
- Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among children under 5 years old, responsible for over 5 million deaths per year globally, including over 1 million in India alone.
- Common pathogens that cause diarrhoea include rotavirus, E. coli, shigella, campylobacter, vibrio cholerae, salmonella, cryptosporidium. Treatment focuses on rehydration, nutrition maintenance, and drug therapy.
- Rehydration can be done orally using oral rehydration salts or intravenously for severe cases. Proper rehydration therapy is critical to manage dehydration and treat the underlying cause of diarrhoea.
Ors indore pedicon 2014 workshop
This document discusses India's contributions to the treatment of diarrhea through oral rehydration therapy (ORT). It summarizes that ancient Indian physicians first described treating diarrhea with oral fluids over 2500 years ago. In the 1800s, IV fluids were used to treat cholera but ORT became standard by the 1900s. In the late 1950s-1970s, Indian doctors demonstrated that ORT with oral rehydration salts (ORS) could treat cholera with very low mortality rates. Subsequent research in India and elsewhere uncovered the sodium-glucose transport mechanism in the intestine that makes ORT effective. This led to recognition of ORT as a major medical advancement. The document discusses formulations of ORS and clinical cases demonstrating management of
Diarrhoea in children
The document provides an overview of diarrhea including definitions, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, evaluation of dehydration, treatment including oral rehydration solutions, and prevention. It discusses approaches to acute, prolonged, persistent, and chronic diarrhea. Evaluation involves assessing dehydration, laboratory tests, and considering various infectious, inflammatory, and structural etiologies.
Diarrhoea
The document discusses diarrhea, its causes, types, risk factors, symptoms, management and prevention. Diarrhea is defined as having 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day and can be acute (lasting less than 14 days) or chronic (lasting 3 weeks or more). It is a major cause of death in children, especially in developing countries. Proper management includes oral rehydration with WHO recommended amounts of ORS. Prevention focuses on improved hygiene, sanitation, breastfeeding and nutrition.
Diarrhoea prevention and control
Diarrhoea is a major cause of death in children under 5 years old worldwide. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) are the primary treatment for diarrhoea to prevent dehydration. Zinc supplementation for 14 days is also recommended. Probiotics like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 can help treat diarrhoea. Continued feeding and providing extra fluids is important during and after diarrhoea to prevent malnutrition and further illness.
Oral rehydration therapy
The document discusses diarrhoea and oral rehydration therapy. It defines diarrhoea as having 3 or more loose stools in 24 hours, which can be caused by decreased electrolyte absorption or increased secretion in the intestines. Oral rehydration therapy is described as an important treatment that replaces lost fluids and electrolytes through a special mixture of water, glucose and salts. When used to treat diarrhoea, oral rehydration therapy can decrease the risk of death by up to 93% and has played a key role in reducing child mortality from diarrhoea globally.
Diarrhoea mx
This document discusses the control of diarrhoeal diseases. It begins by defining diarrhoea and describing the types of diarrhoeal diseases such as acute watery diarrhoea, acute bloody diarrhoea, and persistent diarrhoea. It then discusses the magnitude of diarrhoeal diseases globally and in India, describing that diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years old worldwide. The document outlines the three essential elements in managing diarrhoea - rehydration therapy, zinc supplementation, and continued feeding. It provides details on assessing and treating dehydration, including treatment plans for severe and some dehydration.
Complications associated with recurrent diarrhea
Recurrent diarrhea is associated with many a number of complications. Out of them dehydration,malnutrition ,failure to thrive, electrolyte imbalances, micro nutrient deficiencies (vitamins & minerals) and severe systemic infections. Here an extensive description is given about these and the relevant management facts are given then and there.
Control of diarrheal diseases
This document discusses diarrhea, its disease burden, and strategies for control and treatment. It notes that diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 globally and kills over 750,000 young children each year. The national program for control of diarrheal diseases aims to reduce mortality, morbidity, hospital admissions, and outbreaks through standardized case management, training, social mobilization, surveillance, and improved sanitation. Proper use of oral rehydration salts is emphasized as a major breakthrough in combating diarrhea by replacing fluids and electrolytes lost.
Dehydration
Children are at risk of dehydration if they have diarrhea, vomiting, inability to tolerate fluids, malnutrition, or are infants under 6 months old. Dehydration is assessed clinically and treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS) for mild to moderate cases and IV fluids for severe cases. Treatment involves fluid replacement based on weight, replacement of ongoing losses, and continued feeding. Close monitoring of intake, output, vital signs and labs is important. Antimicrobials may be needed depending on the causative organism. The rate of correction for sodium abnormalities is crucial to avoid complications.
Dirrhoea
1. Diarrhea is caused by infections that imbalance the intestines' fluid and electrolyte processes, commonly from rotavirus in children. It can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and death.
2. Nursing management of diarrhea involves monitoring for complications, maintaining hydration through oral rehydration and continued feeding, and treating any underlying infections.
3. Treatment plans include oral rehydration with zinc at home, or intravenous rehydration in clinic for severe cases along with continued feeding and antibiotics if needed.
Management of diarrhoea in child & pregnant women
This document discusses the management of diarrhea in children and pregnant women. It provides information on common pathogens that cause diarrhea, rehydration strategies like oral rehydration solution and intravenous fluids, maintaining nutrition during diarrhea, and choices of drug treatment based on the identified pathogen. The key points are: more than 5 million children under 5 die from diarrhea annually in India; oral rehydration with WHO's new lower sodium and glucose formula is preferred if fluid loss is mild; intravenous fluids like Ringer's lactate are given for more severe dehydration; maintaining nutrition with foods like milk and bananas during diarrhea; and targeted antibiotic treatment depending on the identified diarrhea-causing bacteria or parasite.
Acute diarrheal disease management
This document provides guidance on assessing and managing acute diarrhea in children. It describes how to take a thorough patient history and conduct a physical exam to evaluate dehydration. Three treatment plans are outlined for: no dehydration (plan A involving oral rehydration), some dehydration (plan B with oral and intravenous rehydration), and severe dehydration (plan C requiring intravenous therapy). The document provides details on oral rehydration solution composition and administration guidelines for rehydration based on a patient's age, weight, and degree of dehydration.
Acute diarrhoea management
This document outlines the management of acute diarrhea according to severity:
Plan A is for no dehydration and involves oral rehydration solution and education. Plan B is for some dehydration and treats in hospital with calculated fluid replacement. Plan C is for severe dehydration and involves intravenous fluids like ringer lactate with dextrose. Dietary management continues breastfeeding and provides enriched staple foods while avoiding high fiber. Zinc supplementation and probiotics may be used, while antibiotics and antimotility drugs are usually not recommended.
approach to the patient of Acute Diarrhoea
This document discusses the approach to a patient presenting with acute diarrhea, which is defined as 3-4 loose stools per day lasting less than 2 weeks. The most common causes are infections (90%), with inflammatory causes including Shigella, Salmonella, and Clostridium difficile. The history should inquire about travel, food, and medication exposures. The exam evaluates for dehydration by checking vital signs and skin turgor. Rehydration is the primary treatment, using oral rehydration solution for mild to moderate cases and IV fluids for severe dehydration. Antibiotics may be used for inflammatory cases while anti-diarrheals are only suitable for mild non-inflammatory diarrhea. Prevention involves
Acute gastroenteritis and fluid management
This document provides guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis and fluid replacement. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, signs and symptoms, and pathophysiology of acute gastroenteritis. Management involves treating dehydration and fluid/electrolyte imbalances. For dehydration, oral rehydration solution is recommended. Fluid replacement is based on the degree of dehydration. Ongoing losses must be replaced. Zinc and vitamin A can help reduce severity and duration. Electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia are also addressed.
Diarrhea paediatric nursing
Diarrhea is defined as passing 3 or more loose stools per day and is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 globally. Every year around 1.5 to 2 billion deaths are caused by diarrheal diseases. Diarrhea is classified based on duration, clinical presentation, and physiology. The causes include infections, drugs, dietary factors, and surgical conditions. Management focuses on rehydration through replacement of fluids, administration of prescribed drugs, maintaining nutrition, and educating mothers on prevention.
Diarrhoea prevention and control
This document provides an overview of diarrheal disease including its causes, classification, management, and prevention. It discusses that diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 globally. The main points are: acute watery diarrhea accounts for over 75% of cases; continued feeding and oral rehydration solutions are the primary treatment; zinc and probiotics can help prevent and treat diarrhea; and diarrhea management should focus on preventing dehydration through oral rehydration.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Diarreal diseases in children
CONTROL OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASES.pptx
acute diarrhoeal diseases, community medicine, epidemiology, management, social and preventive medicine
Diarrhoeal diseases
Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years old globally. Proper management of diarrhoea involves oral rehydration therapy, zinc supplementation, and continued feeding. For severe dehydration, intravenous rehydration is required followed by a transition to oral rehydration. Zinc supplementation for 14 days is recommended to reduce diarrhoea duration and future episodes. Continued feeding is important to prevent malnutrition from worsening diarrhoea outcomes.
chapter 2 digestive disorder.pptx
Diarrheal diseases are common in children, especially in developing countries. There are three main types: acute, persistent, and dysentery. Acute diarrhea lasts less than 14 days while persistent lasts 14 days or longer. Dysentery involves bloody stools. Risk factors include suboptimal breastfeeding, contaminated water/food, and malnutrition. Treatment involves oral rehydration for mild cases and IV fluids for severe dehydration. Antibiotics are given for dysentery. Feeding should continue and mothers advised on follow up care.
12.DIARRHOEA.ppt
This document provides information on different types of diarrhoea including acute diarrhoea, persistent diarrhoea, and dysentery. It defines each type and discusses their causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, risk factors, management, and treatment. The main points covered are that acute diarrhoea is usually viral in children and lasts less than 14 days, persistent diarrhoea lasts more than 14 days and is related to malnutrition, and dysentery involves bloody stools which is commonly caused by Shigella bacteria.
DIARRHEA.pptx
1. Diarrhoea is defined as loose or watery stools occurring more than 3 times per day. It can be caused by various bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Persistent diarrhoea lasts more than 14 days.
2. Major consequences of diarrhoea are malnutrition and dehydration. Management involves oral rehydration, continued feeding, zinc supplementation, and treating any underlying infection or complications.
3. Persistent diarrhoea results from acute diarrhoea lasting too long, often due to underlying malnutrition impairing gut healing. It requires careful rehydration, nutritional rehabilitation, and treating any infections to break the cycle of diarrhoea and malnutrition.
Acute diarrhea
Acute diarrhea is defined as sudden onset of loose or watery stools lasting less than 14 days. It is a major cause of death in children worldwide. Rotavirus is a leading cause of acute diarrhea in infants and young children. Management involves oral rehydration therapy based on the degree of dehydration. For mild dehydration, oral rehydration solution is given at home. Moderate dehydration is treated with oral and/or intravenous fluids in a healthcare setting. Severe dehydration requires intravenous fluids in a hospital. Early feeding and zinc supplementation are also recommended. Antibiotics may be used in certain infections but are not routinely recommended.
Diarrhoea
1) Diarrhea is defined as loose or watery stools at least 3 times in 24 hours by WHO. It can be caused by various bacterial, viral, and protozoal infections transmitted through the fecal-oral route.
2) Diarrhea is classified based on clinical syndrome and etiology. It can lead to dehydration, functional bowel disorders, and intestinal diseases in both adults and children.
3) Treatment involves oral rehydration with WHO plans A, B or C depending on severity of dehydration, continued feeding, and use of zinc and probiotics as adjuncts in some cases.
gastroenteritis ..pptx
gastroenteritis.
most common childhood disorder...gastroenteritis.
most common childhood disorder................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................;kouirydjh;lk;/////mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuudddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxgggggggg
Gastro intestinal infection_due_vibrio_cholera[1]
It is a human toxic-infection caused by the presence in the intestine of vibrio cholerae. It is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by the bacterium vibrio cholera and characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration, and depletion of electrolytes. Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma shaped rod, which is motile with a single terminal flagellum.
presentation.presentation slides by ptx
This document discusses diarrhea and vomiting in pediatric patients. It begins by defining diarrhea and vomiting and listing learning objectives. It then covers etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications, medical management including rehydration therapy, nursing management, and preventative measures for diarrhea. For vomiting, it defines vomiting, discusses physiology and causes. It also covers differential diagnosis and clinical manifestations of vomiting and red flag symptoms. Diagnostic evaluation for acute vomiting is also mentioned.
Diarrheal diseases and dehydration
Diarrheal diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, especially among children under 5 years old. Diarrhea is defined as having 3 or more loose stools per day and can be caused by bacterial, viral, parasitic, or fungal infections. The main risk factors are poor hygiene, inadequate food safety, and low socioeconomic status. Diarrhea is classified based on duration and etiology. The main signs and symptoms include loose stools and dehydration. Treatment focuses on oral rehydration and management of dehydration severity from no dehydration managed at home to severe dehydration treated intravenously in a hospital. Prevention emphasizes handwashing, food safety, breastfeeding, and vaccination.
Acute Watery Diarrhea check out this ppt
This document discusses acute watery diarrhea, its causes, assessment, and management. It defines acute watery diarrhea and notes that viruses are the most common cause. It describes how to assess dehydration severity and indicates that management involves oral rehydration, zinc supplementation, probiotics, and potentially antibiotics in some cases. For children with severe acute malnutrition, it provides guidance on specialized assessment and rehydration given their increased risk. The document emphasizes the importance of continued feeding during diarrhea and recovery.
dehydration(1).pptx
The document discusses therapeutic diets and dehydration assessment for children. It provides dietary recommendations for conditions like nephrotic syndrome and protein energy malnutrition. It also outlines the World Health Organization's classification of dehydration as no dehydration, some dehydration, or severe dehydration based on clinical signs. Treatment plans involving oral rehydration solution or intravenous fluids are suggested depending on the level of dehydration.
Diarrhoeal disease.pptx
This document provides an overview of diarrhea including its definition, incidence, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, nursing management, and complications. It notes that diarrhea is a leading cause of death in children under five in Nepal. The document discusses acute vs chronic diarrhea and predisposing factors. Signs of dehydration and its classification and management according to WHO plans A, B, and C are outlined. Nursing interventions for diarrhea and associated dehydration are also summarized.
DIARHEAL DISEASES.pptx management everything
This document discusses acute diarrheal disease, including its definition, classification, risk factors, clinical features, evaluation, and management. It defines acute diarrhea as three or more loose stools per day. It classifies diarrhea based on pathogens, duration, and mechanism. Risk factors include young age, immune deficiency, malnutrition, and exposure to unsanitary conditions. Clinical assessment involves classifying the illness, assessing hydration and nutritional status, and looking for comorbidities. Management involves fluid replacement, zinc supplementation, continued feeding, and antibiotics in some cases. The principles of rehydration therapy are outlined depending on the level of dehydration.
Diarrhea vi
Diarrhea is defined as having more than 3 loose or watery stools in a 24-hour period. The seminar discussed the types, causes, risk factors, signs of dehydration, and treatment plans for diarrhea in children. Treatment involves oral rehydration with WHO recommended oral rehydration solution and continued feeding. Antibiotics only have a limited role and zinc supplementation can decrease diarrhea duration and severity.
Diarrhea and vomiting
Diarrhea and vomiting in children
Vomiting (throwing up) and diarrhea (frequent, watery bowel movements) can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, foods that are hard to digest (such as too many sweets) and other things.
Acute Diarrheal diseases
This document provides information on acute diarrheal diseases including cholera. It begins with definitions of diarrhea and different types. It then discusses the global burden of diarrhea, noting it is a leading killer of children under 5, especially in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The document outlines the causal pathway of diarrhea including agent, host, and environmental factors. It provides details on specific causes like rotavirus and E. coli. The clinical features, assessment, management including oral rehydration, zinc supplementation, and feeding are described. Prevention through water/sanitation, handwashing and rotavirus vaccination is also covered.
Control Of Add
The document summarizes strategies for controlling diarrheal diseases, including appropriate clinical management, better maternal and child health care practices, and preventive strategies. It outlines components of oral rehydration therapy and treatment plans for rehydration. It also discusses preventive measures like immunization, fly control, and rotavirus vaccination.
Similar to Diarreal diseases in children (20)
Recently uploaded
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.Recently uploaded (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
Diarreal diseases in children
- 1. By Abenezel NIYOMURENGEZI UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIARREAL IN CHILDREN
- 2. DIARRHEA Diarrheal: Passage of loose or watery stool three times or more in 24 hours period. Acute: In period less or equal to 14days. Persistent or chronic: in period greater than 14 days. Diarrheal diseases account for 1 in 9 child deaths worldwide Thus it is the second leading cause of death among children under(CDC, 2016)
- 3. Three clinical types of diarrhea 1. Acute watery diarrhea dehydration ,electrolytes loss 2. Bloody diarrhea tissue damage, toxemia 3. Persistent diarrhea malnutrition
- 4. Age and diarrhea 1. Most diarrhea episodes occur during the first 2 years of life 2. Incidence is highest in the age group 6-11 month Declining levels of maternally acquired antibodies The lack of active immunity in the infant The introduction of food
- 5. Causes Infections(germs). Bacterial, viral, and parasites. Poor sanitation and hygiene Food intolerance/ allergy, Failing to breast. Medicines(Laxatives, Allergies..) Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBS, Gastroenteritis..) Malnutrition Immunisable dz: Measles Travelers' diarrhea.
- 6. Effects of Diarrhoea Dehydration, shock Biochemical disturbances Sodium, Potassium Metabolic acidosis Blood glucose Uraemia • Convulsions • Severe gut damage : ileus
- 7. Assessing the patient with diarrhea Eyes:normal? Sunken? Very sunken and dry? Tear: have tear? Mouth and tongue: wet? dry?very dry? Thirst: drinks normal?drinks eagerly?drinks poorly? Skin pinch: immediately? Slowly(>2se) ? very slowly? Additional sign: anterior fontanel?pulse? Breathing? From here the patient is classified into A, B, and C according to the level of dehydration.
- 8. What dehydration category ???
- 9. Management: Category A (No dehydration): Water, Food - based fluids (soup, rice water, Yoghurt drink, Glucose water). Category B(Mild dehydration): ORS per Oral,75ml/kg every 15 minutes. (see MOH treatment guidelines) Category C( Severe dehydration): Children require rapid IV rehydration followed by oral rehydration therapy For IV rehydration, Ringer’s lactate (also called Hartmann’s solution) is recommended. If not available, normal saline can be used Give 100ml/kg of fluid: <12 months: 30ml/kg in first hour then 70ml/kg in 5 hours. =, >12months: 30ml/kg in 30 minutes then 70ml/kg in two and half hours. ZINC supplement: reduce severity by improving intestinal absorption Investigate the causes and address accordingly.
- 10. Case of bloody diarrheal Laboratory findings: – Leukocytosis(WBC=13,200, 85% neutrophils), blood cultures, – Stool examination reveals fecal leukocytes, no ova and parasites Ensure adequate hydration and nutrition Antibiotics Refer to a specialist if dysentery and complications eg: persistent shock, hemolytic uremia syndrome, toxic megacolon.
- 11. prevention Primaryreduce diseases transmission. Vaccination(rotavirus, measles), sanitation, safe drinking water, hand washing… Secondaryreduce disease severity. Breastfeeding, vitamin A supplements, zinc supplements