This document discusses diabetes in America, including types, history, populations affected, morbidity and mortality rates, symptoms, treatments, and future hopes. It notes that Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5-10% of cases in the US and can be managed through healthy eating, exercise, and education. While diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death, it does not have to be through proper management and treatment. Researchers are working on isolating diabetes genes and stem cell therapies to help treat and potentially cure both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

1. Diabetes in
America
Morbidity, Mortality and
Future Hopes(Presented by Team D: Tomas, Susan, Jeanne and Kathie)

2. Overview
 Types
 History
 Population
 Disparities
 Morbidity and Mortality
 Non-Fatal Symptoms
 Treatments
 Cures
 Future Hope
 Summary

3. Types of Diabetes
 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
 Diabetes Insipidus
 Gestational Diabetes
 Maturity Onset Diabetes

4. History
Hesire (Hesi-Ra) Egyptian physician 1552 B.C.
 Described diabetes as“the passing of too much urine”
English physician Tomas Willis 1679 A.D.
 Reported diabetic urine to be “sweet”
Matthew Dobson, Liverpool, 1776 A.D.
 Scientifically proved 'saccharine materials' in urine was a symptom of
diabetes.
Apollinaire Bouchardat, French M.D. 1871 A.D.
 Developed “diets” for diabetic patients after war rationing reduced
symptoms
Known to be fatal until the 1920’s

5. Population
23.6 million Americans have Diabetes
 17.9 diagnosed and 5.7 million undiagnosed
1 in every 400-600 children and adolescents
 186,200 under the age of 20
23.5 million are between the ages of 20-60
 12 million men and 11.5 million women
 12.2 million are over the age of 60
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTgBvJsHcCk

6. Disparities
Prevalent propensity for Diabetes in these
populations:3
 African American
 Native American
 Asian American
 Pacific Islander
 Hispanic American

7. Disparities
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Less than 10 years 10-19 years
Rate(per100,000peryear)
Type 2
Type 1
ALL NHW AA H API AI ALL NHW AA H API AI
* NHW=Non-Hispanic whites; AA=African Americans; H=Hispanics; API=Asians/Pacific Islanders; AI=American Indians
Rate of new cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among
youth aged <20 years, by race/ethnicity, 2002–2003

8. Morbidity and Mortality
Heart Disease and Stroke
 Attributed 68% to heart disease related deaths
 Attributed 16% to stroke related deaths
 Death rate 2 to 4 times higher than non-diabetics
High Blood Pressure
 Found in 75% of diabetic adults
Blindness
 Leading cause among adults age 20-74 with diabetes

9. Morbidity and Mortality
Kidney Disease
 Leading cause of kidney failure
 Accounts for 44% of all reports
Neuropathy (Nervous System Damage)
 60% to 70% have mild to severe form
Amputations
 Accounts for 60% of non-traumatic lower-limb
amputations
Mortality
 Seventh leading cause of death in 2004

10. Non-Fatal Complications
 Bladder control problems for women
 Erectile dysfunction for men
 Kidney Disease
 Gastro paresis
 Eye Disease

11. Common Symptoms
 Frequent urination
 Increase blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
 Irritability / Rage
 Neuropathy
 Slow to heal
 Sweet breath and urine

12. Treatments
 For Type 1: Insulin, Nutrition, Exercise
 For Type 2: Medication, Nutrition, Exercise
 Increase your level of physical activity.
 Keep up with physical check ups with your
doctor.
 Follow the advice of your physician
 Insulin therapy
 Oral medications
 Eat a well balanced diet low in sugar/carbs.

13. Future Hope
 Estimated 438 million to be diagnosed by 2030
 Increase of 3% children with Type 1 by 2030
 Researchers working to isolate “diabetic” gene
 Researchers searching stem-cell replacement for
type 1
 Educators and Medical professionals increasing
awareness to community gardening
 Increased awareness of healthy eating habits
 Correlation between diet and nutrition

14. Summary
Type 1 Diabetes accounts for 5-10% of all
diabetes cases in America
 Type 2 Diabetes is a growing epidemic not
just an adult disease anymore; it can be
easily managed through:
 Healthy Eating
 Exercise
 Education
 Seventh cause of death in America but it
does not have to be.

15. References
Your Family and Diabetes. (2010). History of Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.your-family-
and-diabetes.com/history_of_diabetes.html
American Diabetes Association. (2010). Diabetes Statistics. Retrieved from
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/
Center for Disease Control. (2007). National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2007. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2007.pdf
American Diabetes Association, (2003). Diabetes A to Z (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia:
American Diabetes Association.
Barrier, P. (2005). Type 2 Diabetes for Beginners. Alexandria, Virginia: American Diabetes
Association.
National Institute of Diabetes. (2009). Complications of Diabetes. Retrieved from
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/complications/
Oxford Publishing, Inc.. (2010). "Diabetes" the Oxford Companion to the Body. Retrieved from
http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t128.e274

16. References (Cont’d)
McCoy, M., & Bass, P.F. (2009, November). Recognizing Key Diabetes Symptoms.
http://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/recognizing-the-symptoms-of-
diabetes.aspx.
Global stats on p.1: from Diabetes Atlas 2009: www.diabetesatlas.org/content/foreword-0
National stats on p.1: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2008/dicndss-dacsnsd-04-05/pwdd-
iadd-eng.php
Map of diabetes prevalence:
www.diabetesatlas.org/sites/default/files/Map2.1%26lowbar;Prevalence
%26lowbar;2010.jpg
Diabetes and depression: www.diabetes.ca/about-
diabetes/living/complications/depression
World Diabetes Congress general info: www.idf.org/media (press releases)