Diabetes 2011, Spring Seminar
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Diabetes, Spring Seminar 2011
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Diabetes 2011, Spring Seminar
- 3. Once, there were two types of diabetes; children mainly got one type and adults mostly got the other. Today, we know that younger people can get type 2 and that type 1 often appears in adulthood. During pregnancy, women can get gestational diabetes , which resembles type 2 and usually disappears after childbirth. Diabetes
- 8. Diabetes Trends* Among Adults in the U.S., (Includes Gestational Diabetes) BRFSS, 1990,1995 and 2001 Source: Mokdad, et al. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83; J Am Med Assoc 2001;286:10. 1990 1995 2001 No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%
- 29. In almost all cases of Type II diabetes, control of the disease is completely determined by control of appetite, weight and exercise. Thrash, Agatha and Calvin, M.D. Diabetes & the hypoglycemic syndrome: facts, findings and natural treatments. Seale, AL: NewLifestyle Books, 1993. p. 151
- 31. Weight control
- 35. 1996 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991, 1996, 2004 (*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25% 2004 Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC. 1991
- 41. Exercise
Editor's Notes
- Once, there were two types of diabetes; children mainly got one type and adults mostly got the other. Today, we know that younger people can get type 2 and that type 1 often appears in adulthood. During pregnancy, women can get gestational diabetes , which resembles type 2 and usually disappears after childbirth. And scientists have identified several other diabetes subtypes beyond types 1 and 2. The most common of these is called latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), and it accounts for roughly 10 percent of people with diabetes, making it probably more widespread than type 1.
- So why haven’t more people heard of it? LADA can be classified as a more slowly progressing variation of type 1 diabetes, yet it is often misdiagnosed as type 2. As of now, there is still a lot of uncertainty over how exactly to define LADA, how it develops, and how important it is for patients to know if they have it.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_autoimmune_diabetes
- Arteries Type 2 diabetes causes damage to both large and small arteries. This artery damage results in medical problems that are both common and serious: ･ Heart attack - Type 2 diabetics have two to four times the risk of dying from heart disease as non-diabetics. Middle-aged type 2 diabetics have the same high heart-attack risk as people without diabetes who already have had a heart attack. They are more likely than non-diabetics to die if they have a heart attack, and more likely to have repeat heart attacks. ･ ･ Stroke - Type 2 diabetics have two to four times the risk of stroke as people without diabetes. ･ ･ Amputations - More than half of the amputations done in the United States are a consequence of diabetes. Usually, the need for an amputation occurs because of damage to the peripheral arteries (arteries to the legs). Poor circulation from artery damage also causes open skin sores and infections.
- ･ Kidney failure - About 40 percent of all people who need to start dialysis have kidney failure from diabetes. (Only 4 percent to 6 percent of all type 2 diabetes patients end up requiring dialysis, although about 20 percent to 30 percent of people with type 2 diabetes will develop at least some kidney damage.) ･ ･ Blindness - Diabetes damages the eye by injuring small blood vessels in the retina. It is the most common cause of blindness that starts between ages 20 and 74.These artery problems are the most serious consequences of type 2 diabetes. Why does diabetes lead to artery damage? Part of the answer is that diabetes usually occurs in the company of other diseases that place the heart and arteries at risk. People with diabetes are more likely than other people to develop high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol.When several heart- or artery-health risks occur together in one person, they present a powerful health threat and are known as the metabolic syndrome. If you are aggressive in treating each risk factor from the metabolic syndrome, you can greatly reduce your risk of heart attack and other problems caused by artery injury.
- ･ Kidney failure - About 40 percent of all people who need to start dialysis have kidney failure from diabetes. (Only 4 percent to 6 percent of all type 2 diabetes patients end up requiring dialysis, although about 20 percent to 30 percent of people with type 2 diabetes will develop at least some kidney damage.) ･ ･ Blindness - Diabetes damages the eye by injuring small blood vessels in the retina. It is the most common cause of blindness that starts between ages 20 and 74.These artery problems are the most serious consequences of type 2 diabetes. Why does diabetes lead to artery damage? Part of the answer is that diabetes usually occurs in the company of other diseases that place the heart and arteries at risk. People with diabetes are more likely than other people to develop high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol.When several heart- or artery-health risks occur together in one person, they present a powerful health threat and are known as the metabolic syndrome. If you are aggressive in treating each risk factor from the metabolic syndrome, you can greatly reduce your risk of heart attack and other problems caused by artery injury.
- Nerves Type 2 diabetes also injures nerves. About 60 percent to 70 percent of diabetics develop diabetic nerve damage. Many bothersome health problems can result: ･ Peripheral neuropathy - The feet and legs can develop tingling, pain, or a loss of feeling. This problem makes foot ulcers and foot infections more common, adding to the possibility that an amputation may be needed. ･ ･ Stomach and bowel problems - The nerves that trigger normal movements of the stomach and intestines can become less active or less predictable. This can result in nausea, constipation or diarrhea. A stomach that is slow to empty has a diabetes condition called gastroparesis. ･ ･ Dizziness when standing - Your circulation has to make some adjustments to move blood from your toes to your torso when you are standing up, since it is pumping against gravity. When your body is working correctly, this adjustment includes tightening of blood vessels to prevent pooling of blood in your lower body. The circulation relies on nerve signals to know when to make this adjustment. These signals can fail in diabetes, leaving you with low blood pressure and lightheadedness when you are standing.
- ･ ･ Sexual-function problems - Impotence is especially common in people with nerve damage from diabetes. Artery damage also contributes to impotence. ･ ･ Localized nerve failures - A nerve that controls a single muscle can lose its function. Examples of problems that might result are eye movement problems with double vision, or drooping of the cheek on one side of the head (commonly known as Bell's palsy).
- Nerves Type 2 diabetes also injures nerves. About 60 percent to 70 percent of diabetics develop diabetic nerve damage. Many bothersome health problems can result: ･ Peripheral neuropathy - The feet and legs can develop tingling, pain, or a loss of feeling. This problem makes foot ulcers and foot infections more common, adding to the possibility that an amputation may be needed. ･ ･ Stomach and bowel problems - The nerves that trigger normal movements of the stomach and intestines can become less active or less predictable. This can result in nausea, constipation or diarrhea. A stomach that is slow to empty has a diabetes condition called gastroparesis. ･ ･ Dizziness when standing - Your circulation has to make some adjustments to move blood from your toes to your torso when you are standing up, since it is pumping against gravity. When your body is working correctly, this adjustment includes tightening of blood vessels to prevent pooling of blood in your lower body. The circulation relies on nerve signals to know when to make this adjustment. These signals can fail in diabetes, leaving you with low blood pressure and lightheadedness when you are standing.
- During the past 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. In 1985 only a few states were participating in CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and providing obesity data. In 1991, four states had obesity prevalence rates of 15–19 percent and no states had rates at or above 20 percent. In 2004, 7 states had obesity prevalence rates of 15–19 percent; 33 states had rates of 20–24 percent; and 9 states had rates more than 25 percent (no data for one state). Source of the data: • The data shown in these maps were collected through CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Each year, state health departments use standard procedures to collect data through a series of monthly telephone interviews with U.S. adults.
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