This document provides an overview of an employee drug-free safety program training. It begins by asking employees questions to assess their existing knowledge about drugs and alcohol. It then defines key terms like abuse, addiction, and dependence. The document outlines several commonly abused drugs like cocaine, marijuana, opioids, amphetamines, and alcohol and their physical effects. It discusses why employers need a drug-free workplace policy due to costs of substance use. Finally, it mentions that many employers conduct drug testing programs.

1. Drug-Free Safety Program
Employee Training 2016
Moore Counseling and Mediation Services
(216) 404-1900
(866) 340-6267

2. What do you already know?
What do you already know about drugs
and alcohol?

3. What do you already know?
How many employees out of every 10 are using or
abusing drugs?
• A. 4 out of 10
• B. 2 out of 10
• C. 6 out of 10

4. What do you already know?
Answer:
2 out of 10

5. What do you already know?
Which drug is considered the gateway drug and why?
MARIJUANA NICOTINE HEROIN

6. What do you already know?
ANSWER:
Marijuana, also known as cannabis or weed, is the most
commonly used and abused illicit drug, and can cause the
user to experiment with other illicit drugs.
Gateway drug is………………………
MARIJUANA

7. What do you already know?
How long does it take for one 6ounce glass of
wine or beer to leave the system?

8. What do you already know?
ANSWER:
A healthy liver metabolizes in one hour. *Size and
weight of a person can factor in how fast body
metabolizes.

9. Which Drug is a Central
Nervous System Stimulant?
Alcohol
Marijuana
Cocaine

10. Which Drug is a Stimulant?
ANSWER:
Cocaine

11. Bravo!

12. What is a Drug-Free Safety Program?
A drug free safety
program’s primary
goal is to have a
work environment
that protects the
health and safety
of the all
employees.

13. Benefits
The Drug Free Safety Program (DFSP) is
BWC's
safety/loss prevention program. DFSP
programs are designed to reduce the risk of
workplace accidents and injuries attributed to
use of alcohol and other drugs.
The DFSP can help employers achieve both
long-range safety and cost-saving benefits.

14. So What’s the Big Deal?
According to the Department of Labor:
Drug & alcohol use is pretty common … statistics
show:

15. So What’s the Big Deal?
Substance use is a national problem that is also a
workplace issue. According to the Department of
Labor:
More than 14 percent of Americans employed full- and
part-time report heavy drinking, which is defined as
five or more drinks on five or more days in the past 30
days.
The heaviest drinking occurred among persons
between the ages of 18 and 25.
Drug-using employees are 2 times more likely to
request early dismissal or time off, 2.5 times more
likely to have absences of eight days or more, three
times more likely to be late for work (NIDA)

16. So What’s the Big Deal?
Substance use is a national problem that is also a
workplace issue. According to the Center for
Disease Control:
6 Americans die from alcohol poisoning each day. The
death rate is highest among men 45-54.
Alcohol poisoning deaths are concentrated among
middle aged adults.
22 million Americans engage in binge drinking
Binge drinking (women 4 or more, men 5 or more) can
result in death.
2,221 Americans died in 2010-2012 from Binge
Drinking.

17. So What’s the Big Deal?
According to the Department of Labor:
Drug & alcohol use is pretty common … statistics
show.
Annual cost to employers of on-the-job
substance use is estimated to be one hundred
billion dollars!!!
$100,000,000,000
Due to lost productivity, theft, accidents
and additional health care costs.

18. So What’s the Big Deal?
According to the Department of Labor: Drug &
alcohol use is pretty common … statistics show.
Of all workplace drug users, 52% are daily
users
12 million Americans use marijuana
1.7 million Americans use cocaine
Employees who test positive for drugs are
60% more likely to be responsible for
accidents, use more sick time and have more
unexcused absences

19. Impact of Drug Abuse on Safety
Accidents — Users are
three to four times more
likely to have an accident
on the job, and five times
more likely to file a
workers’ compensation
claim
Medical claims —
Substance users file 300
percent to 400 percent
more costly medical claims

20. Why do you need a
Drug Free Workplace policy?
Productivity —
Substance users are 33
percent to 50 percent less
productive
Employee theft — An
estimated 50 percent to
80 percent of all pilferage,
theft and loss is due to
substance-using
employees

21. Benefits of a Drug Free Workplace
Promotes wellness
Ensure employees
are aware of dangers
Preserve investor or
shareholder interest
Increase employee
moral, motivation
and productivity
Result in better
customer services

22. Impact of Drug Abuse on Safety
• Absenteeism — Users
are absent an average of
three weeks or more per
year and are tardy three
times more often than
non-users

23. Drug Abuse is defined as . . .
Patterns of
using that give
rise to health
problems, marital,
social, financial,
legal or any other
area of life.

24. What is Abuse ?
Abuse: Using a substance to modify or control
mood or state of mind in a manner that is illegal
or harmful to oneself or others.
Potential consequences of abuse include:
Accidents or injuries
Blackouts
Legal problems
Poor job performance
Family problems
Sexual behavior that increases the risk of HIV infection

25. What is Abuse ?
A pattern of use that leads to failure to fulfill
responsibilities at work, at home, or at school;
Repeated use in situations that are physically
hazardous – like drinking and driving;
When a person has recurrent legal problems such
as arrest for disorderly conduct;
If a person continues to use despite having
ongoing issues with social, work and/or
interpersonal problems; caused or made worse by
the effects of the substance. This includes
arguments or physical fights with a spouse, friend
or co-worker.

26. Drug Dependence is defined as . . .
A disease that is
characterized by
abnormal seeking
and consumption of
drugs that leads to a
lack of control over
using the drug.

27. What is Addiction ?
Addiction / Dependence?
May include any or all of the components of ABUSE,
but differ from abuse in several fundamental ways.
Increase in tolerance – a need for greater amounts to
get desired effect. Can also be the withdrawal syndrome
-a cluster of physical and psychological symptoms
following a reduction or cessation.
The cardinal features for dependence are:
1. Compulsion – the inability to refrain from use.
2. Loss of control over the substance (can’t quit).
3. Continued use no matter what the consequences

28. What is Addiction?
The irresistible compulsion to use alcohol and
other drugs despite adverse consequences.
It is characterized by repeated failures to control
use, increased tolerance and increased disruption
in the family.
“A pathological relationship with any mood
altering situation (substance) that has life
damaging consequences.” - Bradshaw

29. Getting Sober is. . .
Easier said than done!
Your brain may tell you that you need to quit doing
drugs,
but it’s also your brain that’s going to make
achieving sobriety so difficult

30. The Drugs

31. Commonly Abused Drugs
COCAINE
Street Names:
Coke, Crack,
C, Candy,
Blow, Britney,
Flake, Powder,
Rock, Snow,
Nose candy,

32. Physical Effects of Cocaine
Cocaine can constrict blood
vessels , dilates pupils, increase
body temperature, heart rate, and
blood pressure.
It can also cause headaches and
gastrointestinal complications.
Restlessness, anxiety, panic,
paranoia.
Tremors, vertigo and muscle
tremors.
Seizure, coma, death can occur
on first use.

33. Commonly Abused Drugs
CANNABINOIDS/Marijuana
Street Names:
Marijuana, THC
Chronic, Cush,
Pot, Hydro,
Joint, Wet,
Weed, Brownies,
Blunt, Trees,
Dope, Hydro

34. How is Marijuana Abused?
Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette (joint) or in a
pipe.
It is also smoked in blunts, which are cigars that have
been emptied of tobacco and refilled with a mixture of
marijuana and tobacco.
Blunts allow for marijuana's active ingredients with
nicotine and other harmful chemicals.
Marijuana can also be mixed in food or brewed as a tea.
Marijuana smoke has a pungent and distinctive, usually
sweet-and-sour odor.

35. Effects on Daily Life
Research clearly demonstrates
that marijuana has the potential
to cause problems in daily life or
make a person's existing
problems worse.
Several studies associate workers'
marijuana smoking with
increased absences, tardiness,
accidents, workers' compensation
claims, and job turnover.

36. Commonly Abused Drugs
Physical Effects Canabinoid
Common Symptoms:
Impaired Memory
Animated behavior
Bloodshot eyes
Lack of coordination
Loud talking
Euphoria (relaxation)
Hallucinations
May cause cancer

37. Commonly Abused Drugs
OPIATES
Street Names:
Opium
Heroin
Fentanyl
Codeine
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Morphine
China

38. Some Narcotics
Endocet
Percocet
Percodan
Fentora
Oxycontin
Opana
Vicodin

39. Heroin
Heroin is an opiate drug that is synthesized from
morphine.
A bag contains 100mg of powder, only a portion of
that is heroin.
Pure heroin is a white powder with a bitter taste.
Today, heroin is more pure (95%) making it more
addictive and more deadly.

40. Abuse of Heroin
Heroin can be injected, snorted/sniffed, or smoked
—routes of administration that rapidly deliver the
drug to the brain.
Heroin abuse is associated with serious health
conditions, including fatal overdose, spontaneous
abortion, and—particularly in users who inject the
drug—infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS and
hepatitis.
 Mixing heroin, pain meds, cocaine, amphetamines,
alcohol, or benzos can result in lethal overdose.

41. How Are Opioids Abused?
Opioids can be taken orally, or the pills may be
crushed and the powder snorted or injected.
Overdose deaths have resulted from slow-release
Oxycontin when injected.
Injection and snorting allows for rapid release
into the bloodstream and is too difficult to
counteract potential overdose.

42. Commonly Abused Drugs
AMPHETAMINES
Street Names:
Uppers, Speed
Meth, Crank, Crystal
Rippers, Dexies
Black Beauties
Oranges
Snap
Truck Driver
White Cross
Bath Salts

43. Commonly Abused Drugs
Physical Effects Amphetamines
Common Symptoms:
Loss of Appetite
Anxiety
Irritability
Rapid Speech
Hand Tremors
Mood Elevation

44. Amphetamines – How it works
In the “fight or flight” response to stress, the
adrenal glands, produce the hormone adrenaline,
making a person feel stimulated and ready to
either fight or run.
Amphetamines are chemically similar to
adrenaline.
They are used for alertness, excitation, euphoria,
and to suppress appetite.

45. Amphetamines – Uses
Many stimulant drugs have a calming affect in
children and adults who suffer from ADD or
ADHD if taken in small doses.
 In children, amphetamines can help focus
attention and control hyperactivity.

46. Amphetamines Dangers
Over the course of time and abusers of
amphetamines will develop tolerance, and have to
use increasing amounts to try to bring about the
same effects.
Over the Rainbow
Judy Garland was taking 40 Ritalin tabs a day in
1968. The Wizard of Oz star died of a drug
overdose on June 15, 1969.

47. Methamphetamine
Chemicals are extracted from each of those products in
order to produce methamphetamine.

48. Graphic Pictures Follow

49. Faces of Meth

50. Faces of Meth

51. Faces of Meth

52. “Meth Mouth”

54. Commonly Abused Drugs
PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
Street Names:
PCP
Angel Dust
Rocket fuel
Super grass
Killer weed
Devil Stick
Embalming fluid

55. Commonly Abused Drugs
PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
Common Symptoms:
Decreased heart rate,
Decreased blood pressure,
Flushed skin
Numbness
Disorientation
Convulsions
Coma

56. Commonly Abused Drugs
BARBITURATES
Street Names:
Downers, Dolls,
Reds, Tuinal,
Rainbows, Yellows,
Blues, Goofballs,
M&M”s, Red Devils,
Barbs

57. Commonly Abused Drugs
BARBITURATES
Common Symptoms:
Depression
Decreased alertness
Slurred speech
Drowsiness
Confusion
Deep sleep

58. Commonly Abused Drugs
BENZODIAZEPINES
Street Names:
Valium
Librium
Downers
Tranqs

59. Commonly Abused Drugs BENZODIAZEPINES
Common Symptoms:
slurred Speech
disorientation
drunken behavior
(without alcohol odor)

60. Commonly Abused Drugs
ECSTASY
Street Names:
X
XTC
E
Molly
Club
Hug
The Love Drug

61. MDMA/Ecstasy
MDMA is classified as a "club drug."
In the past few years, however, MDMA abuse has
spread to a wide range of other settings and
demographic subgroups.
Despite growing evidence of its potential harmful
effects, MDMA still has a deceptive reputation as a
"safe" drug among its abusers.

62. MDMA/Ecstasy
 MDMA significantly impairs:
 memory and information processing
interfere with performing skilled activities, such
as driving a car
moderate exposure to the drug, many MDMA
abusers report:
 nausea, confusion, anxiety, restlessness,
irritability, sleep difficulties, panic attacks and
depression.

63. Commonly Abused Drugs
Physical Effects Ecstasy
Common Symptoms:
inability to sleep
low appetite
high blood pressure
fainting
nausea
hallucinations
blurred vision
sweating

64. Commonly Abused Drugs
ALCOHOL
Street Names:
Brew
Booze
Drink
Juice
Moonshine
Toddy
Liquid courage

65. Effects Alcohol
Physical
Common Symptoms:
slurred speech
disorientation
Damage the heart
High blood pressure,
Heart rate and body temp.
Nausea, sweating, shaking
Major mouth problems
Blackouts

66. Effects Alcohol
Physical
Alcohol Poisoning (AP):
• 6 Americans die each day
• Death Rate highest among
men 45-54
• Middle age adults
• Binge Drinking can result in
death
• Areas of brain shuts down

67. Over The Counter Medications That May
be Abused
Many over the counter and
prescription medications contain
alcohol and/or other ingredients
that can be addictive:
Antihistamines: (Benadryl,
Actifed, Coricidin, Dimetapp,
Excedrin PM, Sleepeze Sinutab)
Combinations: Cough medicines
which usually contain alcohol with
antihistamines (Nyquil, Vicks)
Weight Control Tablets which
contain amphetamines and usually
a sedative or tranquilizer
(Dexatrim)

68. Over The Counter Medications
That May be Abused
Many over the counter and
prescription medications contain
alcohol and or other ingredients
that can be addictive.
Mouth Wash which contains
alcohol.
Inhalants: Neosynephrine nose
spray and drops.
Vitamin Elixers: Read the labels!
Some contain high concentration
of alcohol.

69. Testing Program
MANY EMPLOYERS TEST FOR THE
FOLLOWING DRUGS:
Cocaine (and its derivatives,
including crack cocaine)
Cannabinoids (THC/marijuana,
hash)
Opiates (heroin, codeine, etc.)
Amphetamines (central nervous
system stimulants)
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Barbiturates (central nervous system
depressants)
Propoxyphene (Darvon)
Methadone
Benzodiazepine (Valium, Librium,
etc.)
Methaqualone
Ecstasy
Alcohol

70. When Would I be Tested?
Pre-Employment / New Hire
Reasonable Suspicion / Observed Behavior
Post Accident
Return to Duty
Follow Up
Random (subject to policy)
Promotion (optional)

71. Reasonable Suspicion
Reasonable Suspicion:
• Observed behavior (direct observation of drug
or alcohol use)
• A pattern of abnormal conduct (frequent
absenteeism, excessive tardiness)
• Repeated violations of the company’s safety or
work rules

72. Types of Test
Reasonable suspicion –
If the employer has
reasonable cause to
believe that an employee
is impaired by drugs or
alcohol while on Company
premises or while
working.

73. Common Questionable Behaviors
The following is a list of some common
suspicious behaviors you may see in a
substance user (this list is not all inclusive):
Excessive absences / tardiness
Pattern of being absent on or after payday
Employee verbalizes multiple family or personal
issues as the cause for excessive absence or tardiness
Problems staying awake on the job
Consistently having problems completing job
responsibilities

74. Common Questionable Behaviors
Continued
Pattern of borrowing
money from co-workers
Change in appearance
Unexplained crying spells
Taking extra smoke or
bathroom breaks
Unusual isolation from
peers
Problems concentrating
Odor of Alcohol or
Marijuana
Wearing sunglasses
Slurred speech
Prolonged lunch hours

75. Types of Tests
Post Accident- Any employee
involved in an accident resulting in:
Fatality
Bodily injury requiring medical
attention off-site
Vehicular damage in apparent excess
of chosen dollar amount
Non-vehicular damage in apparent
excess of chosen dollar amount
If medical treatment is sought after
work hours or on the weekend, a
drug test must be taken immediately
upon employer notification of the
injury

76. Types of Tests
Return to Duty or Follow up Testing – Employees who
have previously tested positive and entered a rehabilitation
program.
Must have a negative test prior to returning to work.
Subject to randoms for a period following return to work.

77. Types of Tests
• Random- An unannounced test that occurs at a pre-
determined frequency among randomly selected
employees. This includes equal probability of selection
each time testing occurs. Unannounced test of all
employees, or all those in a classified group (i.e. safety
sensitive).

78. What happens if I test positive?
EAP Services
(Employee Assistance Program)
A certified or licensed clinician will
complete an assessment.
If treatment is recommended, the EAP
assessor will make the appropriate
referral.

79. What happens if I test positive?
All recommendations must
be adhered to as outlined by the
assessor and the treatment
agency.

80. EAP Services
Return to duty or fitness for
duty will be determined by
the assessor or treatment
counselor / facility.
Must have a negative drug
test before returning to
work.

81. Where Can I Get Help?
Your Employee Assistance Program (EAP) if
available.
Your Human Resource or EAP Program
Manager.
Voluntary request help of Supervisor /
Manager.

82. QUESTIONS?

83. Thank you for attending!
Presented by: Rochelle Keith, MSSA,
LSW, CEAP, SAP, AACC