Drug abuse represents a complex and multifaceted issue prevalent across societies globally. It involves the misuse of legal or illegal substances that alter the functioning of the brain, leading to detrimental effects on an individual's physical health, mental well-being, and social relationships. From the casual misuse of substances to the severe grip of addiction, drug abuse encompasses a wide spectrum of behaviors and consequences that profoundly impact individuals and communities.
Types and Categories of Drugs:
Drug abuse spans a broad array of substances, including but not limited to alcohol, cannabis, opioids, stimulants, hallucinogens, and prescription medications. Each category of drugs affects the brain and body in distinct ways, contributing to varying levels of dependence and health risks. Alcohol, for instance, is legal in many societies but is also one of the most commonly abused substances, leading to addiction and a myriad of health problems when consumed excessively. On the other hand, opioids like heroin or prescription painkillers can quickly lead to physical dependence and overdose fatalities.
Causes and Risk Factors:
The reasons behind drug abuse are multifaceted and can involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Genetic predispositions, family history of substance abuse, trauma, stress, peer pressure, mental health disorders, and socioeconomic factors can all contribute to an individual's susceptibility to drug abuse. Additionally, availability and societal attitudes toward drugs play a significant role in influencing patterns of abuse.
Effects of Drug Abuse:
The effects of drug abuse extend far beyond the individual consuming the substance. Physically, drug abuse can lead to a range of health issues, including cardiovascular problems, liver damage, respiratory complications, infectious diseases from needle sharing, and neurological impairments. Mentally, drug abuse can exacerbate or trigger mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, and cognitive impairments. Socially and behaviorally, it can strain relationships, cause legal issues, financial strain, and impair an individual's ability to function at work or in academic settings.
Impact on Society:
Drug abuse poses significant challenges at a societal level. It contributes to crime rates, strains healthcare systems, leads to lost productivity, and imposes substantial economic burdens. Moreover, the societal stigma associated with drug abuse often hinders individuals from seeking help, exacerbating the problem further.
Prevention and Treatment:
Preventing drug abuse involves a multifaceted approach, including education, early intervention, addressing risk factors, and promoting healthy coping mechanisms. Treatment strategies vary and often include behavioral therapies, counseling, support groups, and, in some cases, medication-assisted therapies. The goal of treatment is not only to help individuals overcome their dep
Drug addiction: A complex neurological diseaseSHIVANEE VYAS
Drug addiction is a complex neurobiological disease that requires integrated treatment of the mind, body, and spirit. It is considered a brain disease because drugs change the brain, they change its structure and how it works. Without treatment, these brain changes can be long-lasting. Addiction is chronic, it is progressive, and if left untreated, it can be fatal.
Individuals struggling with drug addiction often feel as though they cannot function normally without their drug of choice. This can lead to a wide range of issues that impact professional goals, personal relationships, and overall health. Over time, these serious side effects can be progressive, and if left untreated, fatal.
A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeutic effect in the body. Many prescription drugs that produce therapeutic effects may also cause non-therapeutic effects if taken in excess and/or without a specific prescription.
Drug addiction: A complex neurological diseaseSHIVANEE VYAS
Drug addiction is a complex neurobiological disease that requires integrated treatment of the mind, body, and spirit. It is considered a brain disease because drugs change the brain, they change its structure and how it works. Without treatment, these brain changes can be long-lasting. Addiction is chronic, it is progressive, and if left untreated, it can be fatal.
Individuals struggling with drug addiction often feel as though they cannot function normally without their drug of choice. This can lead to a wide range of issues that impact professional goals, personal relationships, and overall health. Over time, these serious side effects can be progressive, and if left untreated, fatal.
A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeutic effect in the body. Many prescription drugs that produce therapeutic effects may also cause non-therapeutic effects if taken in excess and/or without a specific prescription.
Drug awareness Slides for Houghton House addiction rehabilitation DyWilliams1
Overview of drug ups downs and issues The trafficking of illicit drugs and hallucinogens is the largest illegal business in the world accounting for about 8% of international trade, amounting to about $400 billion annually. Drugs corrode a whole society. Robbery and violence connected with drug abuse have become a mundane affair and most commonly drug consumers often appeal to felony or prostitution to satisfy their vice. https://www.houghtonhouse.co.za
Drugs –What they Are and What they Do ?
CONSUMPTION OF VARIOUS DRUGS
Two main Categories of Drugs
Why do so many Teenagers start down this potentially Dangerous path ?
- Why do people start?
Causes
TREATMENT
Think again
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Drug awareness Slides for Houghton House addiction rehabilitation DyWilliams1
Overview of drug ups downs and issues The trafficking of illicit drugs and hallucinogens is the largest illegal business in the world accounting for about 8% of international trade, amounting to about $400 billion annually. Drugs corrode a whole society. Robbery and violence connected with drug abuse have become a mundane affair and most commonly drug consumers often appeal to felony or prostitution to satisfy their vice. https://www.houghtonhouse.co.za
Drugs –What they Are and What they Do ?
CONSUMPTION OF VARIOUS DRUGS
Two main Categories of Drugs
Why do so many Teenagers start down this potentially Dangerous path ?
- Why do people start?
Causes
TREATMENT
Think again
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...
DRUG ABUSE.pptx
1. ILLEGAL
DRUGS
EDUCATIONI. DEFINITION
II. TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
III. COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG ADDICTION
IV. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF DRUGS
V. AGENCIES/INSTITUTIONS WHICH ARE ENGAGED IN
DRUG TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
2. Drug abuse is when a drug is used for a different
purpose than intended, or in excessive amounts. Drug
abuse can involve illegal drugs, as well as medicines.
There are many problems associated with drug abuse,
such as drug tolerance, dependence and addiction.
DEFINITION
3. Drug abuse, the excessive, maladaptive, or addictive
use of drugs for nonmedical purposes despite social,
psychological, and physical problems that may arise
from such use.
DEFINITION
4.
5. Types of Drug Abuse
STIMULANT ABUSE
COCAINE ABUSE
METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSE
OPIOID ABUSE
PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSE
BENZODIAZEPINE ABUSE
6. Stimulants are a class of psychoactive
drugs that temporarily improve physical and
mental functioning, elevating mood and
increasing energy, alertness, confidence, and
feelings of well-being. Due to their energy-
boosting side effects, stimulants are also often
called uppers. Stimulants work by increasing
the amount of neurotransmitters called
dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.
7. This improves concentration and decreases
fatigue, which is why stimulants like Adderall
are used to treat attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However,
stimulants can also elevate mood and produce
euphoria, which is why they’re addictive and
commonly abused drugs.
8. Although cocaine belongs to the stimulant
drug class, it’s also its own category of drug
addiction. Also known as crack or coke,
cocaine is an illicit stimulant drug that
increases alertness, energy, and self-
confidence.
9. Often people who abuse cocaine experience
a euphoric high that lasts around 20 minutes
before wearing off. As a result, users often
take several doses in a short period to
maintain that high. Unfortunately, like other
examples of substance abuse, cocaine use can
lead to problems like addiction,
cardiovascular disease, and overdose, to name
a few.
10. As with cocaine, meth or methamphetamine
may be a stimulant, but it also produces
physical problems unique to its users. Meth is
an extremely addictive and physically harmful
stimulant with a pseudoephedrine base, its
main stimulating ingredient.
However, in contrast to other stimulants like
cocaine, a meth high lasts longer, and a larger
amount of the drug remains in the brain longer,
leading to prolonged side effects.
11. Opioids can either be natural or synthetic
(man-made). Unlike stimulants, opioids are a
class of drugs that depress or relax the central
nervous system. Opioids work by attaching to
opioid receptors in the brain and different
areas of the body associated with pain and
pleasure. Not only can they alleviate pain, but
they can also produce a relaxing and
pleasurable high when abused.
12. Prescription drug abuse is when someone
uses prescriptions medications in a way they
weren’t meant to be used. Some examples of
prescription drug abuse include taking a
prescription drug that wasn’t prescribed to
you, mixing your medications, taking more
than the recommended dose, or using your
medications with other drugs.
13. Also known as benzos, benzodiazepines
are a class of drugs used to treat anxiety and
panic disorders, seizures, and insomnia.
However, not only are benzos used to treat
conditions associated with elevated levels of
nerve activity, but they can also produce a
sedative high when misused.
14. Hallucinogens are a group of drugs that
produce mind-altering side effects, affecting a
person’s perception of their thoughts and
surroundings. There are two categories of
hallucinogens: classic hallucinogens and
dissociative drugs. Both can produce
hallucinations or sensations, or images that
aren’t real. Additionally, a dissociative drug can
cause users to feel as if they’re disconnected from
their bodies and the environment, otherwise
referred to as an out-of-body experience.
15.
16. Signs of Drug Addiction
PHYSICAL SIGNS OF DRUG ADDICTION
BEHAVIORAL SIGNS OF DRUG ADDICTION
PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNS OF DRUG ADDICTION
17. If someone misuses drugs or alcohol, they
may exhibit numerous physical signs of drug
abuse. Some of these signs may be readily
apparent, while others are easily hidden or
occur as gradual changes.
Some physical signs of drug use are:
Frequent runny nose (common with cocaine
addiction)
18. Tremors or seizures
Loss of physical coordination
Chemical odor on breath or clothes
Pinpoint pupils (common with opioid and heroin
addiction)
Bloodshot or watery eyes
Changes in weight
Changes in appetite and eating habits
Clenching of the jaw
Irregular sleeping patterns or difficulty falling
asleep
Marks on skin
Poor personal hygiene
19. A person who misuses drugs or alcohol may
act like a different person, too. There are just
as many behavioral signs of addiction as there
are physical symptoms, and some of the most
significant include:
Changes in activities or hobbies
Shifts in social circles
Decreased participation in family activities
20. Poor performance in work or school
Repeated lying, dishonesty or deceit
Legal issues
Secretive behavior
Self-isolation
Neglecting responsibilities
Financial issues
21. When someone misuses drugs or alcohol, they
may look and act in uncharacteristic ways.
They may also think and feel differently than
they normally do. Psychological signs of drug
abuse can include changes in a person’s
thought patterns, attitudes, beliefs and
priorities.
22. Some psychological signs of drug and alcohol
abuse can include:
Changes in personality traits
Mental illness like depression or anxiety
Paranoid, fearful or obsessive thoughts
Negative self-image
Dismal outlook on or attitude toward life
Withdrawing emotionally from loved ones
Lack of motivation
Feelings of apathy or disinterest
23.
24. Not everyone who experiments with drugs
becomes an addict. There’s no single factor that
can predict whether someone will become
addicted, though there are general social,
biological, and environmental factors that do
increase the risk.
25. Genes, in combination with environmental
factors, account for about half of a person’s
addiction vulnerability. Being male, African
American, or having a mental illness can also
increase a person’s risk of progressing to
addiction.
26. Family, friends, and socioeconomic status
have a significant impact on a person’s likelihood
of developing an addiction. Physical and sexual
abuse, peer pressure, stress, and parental
guidance can greatly affect the occurrence of
substance abuse.
27. Although a person can become an addict at
any age, the earlier substance use begins, the
more likely it will escalate to serious addiction.
28.
29. The sad truth is that more deaths, illnesses,
and disabilities are caused by substance abuse
than by any other preventable health condition.
Prolonged drug dependence interferes with just
about every organ in the human body, and while
different drugs have different damaging effects.
30. These are some of the common conditions substance abuse can cause:
Damaged immune system, which increases susceptibility to infection
Cardiovascular conditions, including heart attacks and collapsed veins
Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
Liver overexertion or liver failure
Seizures and strokes
Widespread brain damage that can interfere with memory, attention,
and decision-making, as well as permanent brain damage
31. Some of the worst effects of substance abuse
aren’t even health related. Drug abuse can have a
number of damaging consequences on an addict’s
social and emotional well-being, including:
Loss of employment
Relationship loss
32. Some of the worst effects of substance abuse aren’t even health
related. Drug abuse can have a number of damaging consequences
on an addict’s social and emotional well-being, including:
Loss of employment
Relationship loss
Incarceration
Financial trouble
Homelessness
Risky sexual behavior