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Deworming Procedure & Doses for Different Species.pdf
- 1. Deworming Procedure & Dosesfor Different Species Medicine Clinic I (MEDI-302), 1(0-1) Dr. Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- 2. What is Deworming? •Deworming is the giving of an anthelmintic drug to animal to rid them of helminths parasites such as round worms, flukes and tapeworms. • Importance • to reduce internal parasites.
- 3. Deworming in LargeAnimals
- 4. Horses • current recommendation •only be treated if they show signs of a heavy parasite load. • Most adult horses develop immunity to parasites • Horses with a high level of immunity don’t shed many eggs • horses less than three years old are more susceptible to parasite infection and are at greater risk of developing parasite-related disease
- 5. METHODS • Horses aremost often dewormed with a paste or gel placed on the back of the animal's mouth via a dosing syringe. • Feed dewormers are also used • Injectable
- 6. Different Anthelmintic andtheir target Drug class Anthelmintic Targeted parasite(s) Macrocyclic lactones •Ivermectin •Moxidectin Cyathostomes (adult small strongyles); migrating large strongyle larvae; adult large strongyles; ascarids; bots Benzimidazoles •Fenbendazole •Oxfendazole •Mebendazole Cyathostomes (adult small strongyles); migrating large strongyle larvae; adult large strongyles; ascarids; bots Pyrimidines •Pyrantel pamoate •Pyrantel tartrate Cyathosyomes (adult small strongyles); adult large strongyles; ascarids Heterocyclics •Piperazine Cyathosyomes (adult small strongyles); adult large strongyles; ascarids Pyrazinoisoquinolines •Praziquantel Tapeworms
- 7. Adult Horse Schedule •Low Shedders (<200 EPG – eggs per gram of manure) • Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring (ideally spring and fall) • Spring (March) – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®), moxidectin (Quest®) • Fall (October) – ivermectin w/praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®)
- 8. Adult Horse Schedule •Moderate Shedders (200 – 500 EPG) • Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring (ideally spring and fall) • Spring (March) – Ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare, etc), moxidectin (Quest®) or double-dose fenbendazole for 5 days (Panacur® PowerPak) • Late Summer (July) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®, etc), fenbendazole (Panacur®, Safe-Guard®) • Early Winter (November) – ivermectin w/ praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®)
- 9. Adult Horse Schedule •High Shedders (>500 EPG) • Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring and fall to monitor for signs of resistance • Spring (March) – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®), moxidectin (Quest®) or double-dose of fenbendazole for 5 days (Panacur® PowerPak) • Summer (June) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®), fenbendazole (Panacur, SafeGuard®) or Oxibendazole (Anthelcide®) • Fall (September) – ivermectin w/ praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®) • Winter (December) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®), fenbendazole (Panacur®, SafeGuard®) or Oxibendazole (Anthelcide®)
- 10. Pregnant Mares • Dewormas usual, but when you administer vaccinations 4-6 prior to foaling, deworm with ivermectin w/praziquantel (Equimax®,Zimectrin Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®)
- 11. Foal Schedule • 2months of age – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®) • 4 months – oxibendazole (Anthelcide EQ®) • Optimally treat with pyrantel pamoate (Strongid®) at 5 months • 6 months – moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®) • 8 months – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid®) • Optimally treat with fenbendazole (Panacur®, SafeGuard®) at 9 months • 10 months – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®) • 12 months – fenbendazole (Panacur®, SafeGuard®)
- 12. Deworming Protocol Guidelines •Non-chemical parasite management: • Rotate pastures • Cross graze pastures with ruminants if possible • Remove manure frequently • Harrow/drag pastures in hot/dry weather and keep horses out for 2 months • Avoid overstocking pastures • Deworming schedules (in general): • Deworm foals every two months, starting at 2 months of age, for the first year of their life. • Individual horses will often require different deworming programs, even if living in the same or similar environments.
- 13. Deworming Protocol Guidelines •Measure the success of parasite control by doing fecal analysis at least once a year. • Fecal floatation—an estimate of the parasite eggs in the horse • Fecal egg count reduction test—worm egg count should decrease 90% when measured 14 days after deworming, depending on the product used. • Eliminate tapeworms from horses once a year with use of a dewormer containing praziquantel (Zimectrin Gold® or Quest Plus®). • Don’t use the same pasture or paddocks year after year for mares and foals.
- 14. Cattle • Calves underone year of age are more susceptible than older cattle. • The pregnant cows can be dewormed in the fall.
- 15. Dairy Cows • Maturecows should be wormed at the end of lactation to avoid discarding milk • Or wormed at any time with Morantel tartrate, because this product does not require discarding of milk. • Replacement heifers should be wormed as yearlings and again prior to entering the milking herd. • Dairy Calves • Dairy calves confined to small lots frequently carry heavy loads of worm parasites. • It may be necessary to worm them twice or more during warm weather to maintain desired growth rates.
- 16. General Use Dewormers •Fenbendazole (Panacur) • available as a stable suspension or granules. • effective against • roundworms in the gut, • larval forms in the tissues, and • lungworms. • Withdrawal time to slaughter is 8 days. • Ivermectin (Ivomec) • effective medication against the internal worm parasites including lungworms as well as cattle grubs and sucking lice. • available in injectable or pour-on formulations. • Withdrawal time to slaughter is 35 days.
- 17. General Use Dewormers •Levamisole (Levisol, Tramisol) • Available in • boluses, • a paste for oral administration, • as a pour-on • an injectable form. • effective against roundworms and lungworms. • Withdrawal time is (orally) 2 days and (injected) 7 days. • Morantel tartrate (Rumatel) • comes in boluses or crumbles for oral use. • It is effective against roundworms, • 14-day withdrawal time to slaughter.
- 18. General Use Dewormers •Thiabendazole (Omnizole) • paste, boluses, suspension, or crumbles. • effective against roundworms. • Thiabendazole is approved for use in lactating cows and has a 96-hour milk discard time • Withdrawal time to slaughter is 3 days. • Albendazole (Valbazen) • paste or suspension. • effective against all intestinal worms including tapeworms, and lungworms as well as liver flukes. • 27-day withdrawal for slaughter. • should not be used in animals during the first 45 days of pregnancy
- 19. General Use Dewormers •Oxfendazole (Synonthic) • effective against intestinal parasites including tapeworms. • available in the drench form.
- 20. Methods for Administration •Orally • drenching, with a dose syringe or with multiple dose equipment with a backpack reservoir. • Avoid getting any of the wormer into the lungs where it could initiate pneumonia. • Pour-on formulations • direct application to the skin.
- 21. Cont. • Injections • Theinjections should be under the skin of the neck, not into the muscle. • Do not inject more than 10 ml of drug in a single site • Feed-Incorporated Materials • Crumbles or granules that can be incorporated into the feed • Boluses • should be given with a balling gun to get them past the base of the tongue
- 22. Sheep and Goats •Sheep and goats are susceptible to worms due to their close grazing behavior. • Lambs should be wormed at 8 weeks of age and again every 4-8 weeks until a year of age • Ewes should be wormed 2-4 weeks before lambing. • Does in early pregnancy should not be dewormed to avoid abortion. • At least once a year, deworming should be performed in sheep and goats
- 23. Dogs and Cats •Worming schedules will vary depending on age. • Deworm puppies and kittens at two, four, six and eight weeks of age, then again at 12 and 16 weeks of age. • Deworm again at six months and one year. Then deworm as an adult. • Adults - Worming Dogs and Cats • General Dog or Cat Worming: Twice a year for life. • Newly Acquired Animals • Deworm immediately and repeat in two weeks.
- 24. Birds • It isrecommended that all birds, whether they are breeders or pets, inside or outside birds, are wormed four times a year.
- 25. Dose Rate ofDewormer for Birds
- 27. Dose Rates forDifferent Animals
- 30.