Deworming Procedure and Doses for different Animals

1. Deworming Procedure &
Doses for Different Species
Medicine Clinic I (MEDI-302), 1(0-1)
Dr. Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

2. What is Deworming?
• Deworming is the giving of
an anthelmintic drug to animal
to rid them of helminths
parasites such as round worms,
flukes and tapeworms.
• Importance
• to reduce internal parasites.

3. Deworming in Large Animals

4. Horses
• current recommendation
• only be treated if they show signs of a heavy parasite load.
• Most adult horses develop immunity to parasites
• Horses with a high level of immunity don’t shed many eggs
• horses less than three years old are more susceptible to parasite
infection and are at greater risk of developing parasite-related
disease

5. METHODS
• Horses are most often dewormed with a paste or gel placed on the
back of the animal's mouth via a dosing syringe.
• Feed dewormers are also used
• Injectable

6. Different Anthelmintic and their target
Drug class Anthelmintic Targeted parasite(s)
Macrocyclic lactones
•Ivermectin
•Moxidectin
Cyathostomes (adult
small strongyles); migrating large
strongyle larvae; adult large
strongyles; ascarids; bots
Benzimidazoles
•Fenbendazole
•Oxfendazole
•Mebendazole
Cyathostomes (adult small
strongyles); migrating large strongyle
larvae; adult large strongyles;
ascarids; bots
Pyrimidines
•Pyrantel pamoate
•Pyrantel tartrate
Cyathosyomes (adult small
strongyles); adult large strongyles;
ascarids
Heterocyclics •Piperazine
Cyathosyomes (adult small
strongyles); adult large strongyles;
ascarids
Pyrazinoisoquinolines •Praziquantel Tapeworms

7. Adult Horse Schedule
• Low Shedders (<200 EPG – eggs per gram of manure)
• Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring (ideally spring and
fall)
• Spring (March) – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®),
moxidectin (Quest®)
• Fall (October) – ivermectin w/praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®) or
moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®)

8. Adult Horse Schedule
• Moderate Shedders (200 – 500 EPG)
• Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring (ideally spring and
fall)
• Spring (March) – Ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare, etc),
moxidectin (Quest®) or double-dose fenbendazole for 5 days (Panacur®
PowerPak)
• Late Summer (July) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®, etc),
fenbendazole (Panacur®, Safe-Guard®)
• Early Winter (November) – ivermectin w/ praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin
Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®)

9. Adult Horse Schedule
• High Shedders (>500 EPG)
• Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring and fall to monitor
for signs of resistance
• Spring (March) – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®),
moxidectin (Quest®) or double-dose of fenbendazole for 5 days (Panacur®
PowerPak)
• Summer (June) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®),
fenbendazole (Panacur, SafeGuard®) or Oxibendazole (Anthelcide®)
• Fall (September) – ivermectin w/ praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®) or
moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®)
• Winter (December) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®),
fenbendazole (Panacur®, SafeGuard®) or Oxibendazole (Anthelcide®)

10. Pregnant Mares
• Deworm as usual, but when you administer vaccinations 4-6 prior to
foaling, deworm with ivermectin w/praziquantel (Equimax®,Zimectrin
Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®)

11. Foal Schedule
• 2 months of age – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®,
IverCare®)
• 4 months – oxibendazole (Anthelcide EQ®)
• Optimally treat with pyrantel pamoate (Strongid®) at 5 months
• 6 months – moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®)
• 8 months – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid®)
• Optimally treat with fenbendazole (Panacur®, SafeGuard®) at 9 months
• 10 months – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®)
• 12 months – fenbendazole (Panacur®, SafeGuard®)

12. Deworming Protocol Guidelines
• Non-chemical parasite management:
• Rotate pastures
• Cross graze pastures with ruminants if possible
• Remove manure frequently
• Harrow/drag pastures in hot/dry weather and keep horses out for 2 months
• Avoid overstocking pastures
• Deworming schedules (in general):
• Deworm foals every two months, starting at 2 months of age, for the first year
of their life.
• Individual horses will often require different deworming programs, even if
living in the same or similar environments.

13. Deworming Protocol Guidelines
• Measure the success of parasite control by doing fecal analysis at
least once a year.
• Fecal floatation—an estimate of the parasite eggs in the horse
• Fecal egg count reduction test—worm egg count should decrease 90% when
measured 14 days after deworming, depending on the product used.
• Eliminate tapeworms from horses once a year with use of a
dewormer containing praziquantel (Zimectrin Gold® or Quest Plus®).
• Don’t use the same pasture or paddocks year after year for mares and
foals.

14. Cattle
• Calves under one year of age are more susceptible than older cattle.
• The pregnant cows can be dewormed in the fall.

15. Dairy Cows
• Mature cows should be wormed at the end of lactation to avoid
discarding milk
• Or wormed at any time with Morantel tartrate, because this product
does not require discarding of milk.
• Replacement heifers should be wormed as yearlings and again prior
to entering the milking herd.
• Dairy Calves
• Dairy calves confined to small lots frequently carry heavy loads of
worm parasites.
• It may be necessary to worm them twice or more during warm
weather to maintain desired growth rates.

16. General Use Dewormers
• Fenbendazole (Panacur)
• available as a stable suspension or granules.
• effective against
• roundworms in the gut,
• larval forms in the tissues, and
• lungworms.
• Withdrawal time to slaughter is 8 days.
• Ivermectin (Ivomec)
• effective medication against the internal worm parasites including lungworms as well
as cattle grubs and sucking lice.
• available in injectable or pour-on formulations.
• Withdrawal time to slaughter is 35 days.

17. General Use Dewormers
• Levamisole (Levisol, Tramisol)
• Available in
• boluses,
• a paste for oral administration,
• as a pour-on
• an injectable form.
• effective against roundworms and lungworms.
• Withdrawal time is (orally) 2 days and (injected) 7 days.
• Morantel tartrate (Rumatel)
• comes in boluses or crumbles for oral use.
• It is effective against roundworms,
• 14-day withdrawal time to slaughter.

18. General Use Dewormers
• Thiabendazole (Omnizole)
• paste, boluses, suspension, or crumbles.
• effective against roundworms.
• Thiabendazole is approved for use in lactating cows and has a 96-hour milk discard
time
• Withdrawal time to slaughter is 3 days.
• Albendazole (Valbazen)
• paste or suspension.
• effective against all intestinal worms including tapeworms, and lungworms as well as
liver flukes.
• 27-day withdrawal for slaughter.
• should not be used in animals during the first 45 days of pregnancy

19. General Use Dewormers
• Oxfendazole (Synonthic)
• effective against intestinal parasites including tapeworms.
• available in the drench form.

20. Methods for Administration
• Orally
• drenching, with a dose syringe or with multiple dose equipment with a
backpack reservoir.
• Avoid getting any of the wormer into the lungs where it could initiate
pneumonia.
• Pour-on formulations
• direct application to the skin.

21. Cont.
• Injections
• The injections should be under the skin of the neck, not into the muscle.
• Do not inject more than 10 ml of drug in a single site
• Feed-Incorporated Materials
• Crumbles or granules that can be incorporated into the feed
• Boluses
• should be given with a balling gun to get them past the base of the tongue

22. Sheep and Goats
• Sheep and goats are susceptible to worms due to their close grazing
behavior.
• Lambs should be wormed at 8 weeks of age and again every 4-8
weeks until a year of age
• Ewes should be wormed 2-4 weeks before lambing.
• Does in early pregnancy should not be dewormed to avoid abortion.
• At least once a year, deworming should be performed in sheep and
goats

23. Dogs and Cats
• Worming schedules will vary depending on age.
• Deworm puppies and kittens at two, four, six and eight weeks of age,
then again at 12 and 16 weeks of age.
• Deworm again at six months and one year. Then deworm as an adult.
• Adults - Worming Dogs and Cats
• General Dog or Cat Worming: Twice a year for life.
• Newly Acquired Animals
• Deworm immediately and repeat in two weeks.

24. Birds
• It is recommended that all birds, whether they are breeders or pets,
inside or outside birds, are wormed four times a year.

25. Dose Rate of Dewormer for Birds

27. Dose Rates for Different Animals

30. Any Question?