Development of drama
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Drama originated from religious ceremonies in the Christian Church. Over time, it evolved from biblical mystery plays performed by clergy, to morality plays performed by craftsmen addressing moral themes. It was influenced by Greek and Roman traditions. The first major English tragedies were written in blank verse by Thomas Sackville and the first comedy was by Nicholas Udall for his students. Drama became a popular form of entertainment as well as a way to critique life and understand society through stories, characters, dialogue, and themes portrayed on stage.
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This document summarizes the origins and development of drama. It discusses how drama emerged from religious performances and went through religious, moral and artistic periods. It notes that drama first came from portraying saints' lives in churches. Genres like miracle plays and morality plays gained popularity in Europe in the 15th-16th centuries. The artistic period made drama more representative of human life. Classical Greek influences also shaped drama with conventions like the unities. William Shakespeare's predecessors who helped advance English drama are mentioned, including Christopher Marlowe.
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I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to all who made me to complete this project successfully through their guideline, help and support.
WEEK 1 - What is Drama.pptx
Drama originated in ancient Greece and was performed as part of religious festivals. It later spread through the Roman Empire. The three main types of medieval European drama were mystery, miracle, and morality plays performed by the Christian Church. During the Renaissance, plays rediscovered Greek and Roman drama and were no longer restricted to religious themes. Shakespeare and other playwrights flourished in 16th century England. Asian countries also have long histories of drama, such as Sanskrit plays in ancient India, wayang puppet theater in Indonesia, Noh drama in Japan, and masked dance dramas in Korea.
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Paper-3 presentation
This document provides biographical information about John Dryden and analyzes his work as a literary critic. It notes that Dryden was an influential English poet, playwright, and critic in the late 17th century. As a critic, he wrote an influential essay titled "Of Dramatic Poesy" in 1668 where he discussed issues like the ancients vs moderns debate, differences between English and French drama, and appropriate use of rhyme in plays. The document examines Dryden's critical perspectives in this work that favored modern English plays over ancient works and identified strengths of English drama over French drama.
The Development of English Drama
This presentation is made as a part of semester 1 presentation. This presentation is based on the topic of the emergence and the Development of English Drama.
French VS English
This document summarizes John Dryden's essay "An Essay on Dramatic Poesy" which debates the merits of English versus French drama. In the essay, Dryden has four characters - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - represent different perspectives in a debate. Lisideius favors French drama for its adherence to the classical unities of time, place and action, while Neander argues that English drama, though it violates the unities, is superior for its "lively imitation of nature." The document also briefly mentions some famous French dramatists like Corneille and reviews Dryden's overall assessment that English drama is more interesting because of its ability to represent life, unlike French
John Dryden, Essay for Drammatic Poesy
John Dryden was an influential English poet and playwright during the Restoration period. In his work "Essay of Dramatic Poesy", Dryden explores different viewpoints on dramatic theory through a dialogue between four men on a boat ride. They debate the relative merits of ancient Greek and French drama versus contemporary English drama. While some argue for strict adherence to classical rules like the three unities, others believe English drama is more lively and exciting through its use of subplots and variety. Dryden ultimately seems to favor the English approach through his character Neander.
historyanddevelopmentofdrama-180513110213 (1).pptx
The document provides a history of the development of drama from ancient Greek origins to modern forms. It traces how drama began as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus in ancient Greece, involving tragedies, comedies, and satyr plays performed in theaters. Key figures who advanced early drama include Thespis, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Drama continued evolving through Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, 18th century, 19th century, and modern eras, influenced by movements such as Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism, and Expressionism. Modern drama incorporates experimentation with new forms and ideas from its long development.
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Development of drama
- 2. Development of Drama Drama is a literary composition which is performed by Professional actors on stage. The word drama is derived from Greek which means to do or act. It is also means to be the imitation of life. "Drama is the criticism of life on a stage with action, characters and dialogue.”
- 3. Drama is not only for the entertainment of the people, it also shows the reality of life. This helps to understand the social political situations of the life particular age. This form of literature is developed little by little and age by age.
- 4. Drama is a type of literature, telling a story by action. Once drama was only a stage act. But later the dialogues are printed in a text form and then it will be performed by the actors. The text helps the readers to read and understand.
- 5. The origin of English drama is little- known. It was starting from the religious ceremonies of the Church. This form of literature travelled from Greek to Roman and Roman to England. The main purpose of Drama is didactic. First it was introduced in France and later in England. Origin of English Drama
- 6. Place: First, Drama was performed in the Church due to increasing of Crowd. It moved to Churchyard and street corners. Actors: The performance was given by Bishops, Priests and Clergymen. Language: At first drama was selected in the stories of Bible and lives of Saints.
- 7. 1. Life of Christ 2. Crucifixion 3. Resurrection 4. Last Judgement Themes of the play
- 8. Settings: Time and Place Characters: People and Creature Dialogue: Conversation of the characters. Theme: Central thought o idea Scenery: It is used to create a particular visual settings of a play. Elements of Drama
- 9. Tragedy and Comedy The play has included tragic and comic elements. Tragic-Comedy
- 10. 1. Mystery Play (Stories from Bible) 2. Miracle Play (Stories of Saints) 3. Morality Play (Stories of Moral Ideas) Three types of medieval drama
- 11. The play is performed by the craftsmen and it was based on the stories from the Bible. These plays were famous at the festival of 'Corpus Christi'. All the plays were grouped by the four cycles known by the name of the town. Mystery Play
- 12. 1. Tragedy 2. Comedy 3. Tragic Comedy Types of Drama
- 13. In Greek, The hero is died in a battlefield is called tragedy. Tragedy always ends with sad ending. 'Gorboduc' is the first tragedy in English. It was written by Thomas Sackville. Blank verse was used for the first time in the play. Tragedy
- 14. Comedy is always based on happy ending. First English Comedy was Ralph Roister Doister by Nicholas Udall in 1553. Nicholas Udall wrote the play for performance by his school boys. Comedy
- 15. Chester The Chester Cycle had 21 Plays. Conventry The Conventry Cycle had 42 Plays. Wakefield The Wakefield Cycle had 31 Plays. York The York Cycle had 48 Plays. Four Major Towns and Cycles
- 16. In the 12th century miracle play was based on the Biblical themes and stories. Ex. Mary Magdalence. In this time the element of humour was introduced. Miracle Play
- 17. Morality plays were replaced the miracle plays. Morality plays are the religious plays. 1. Five Senses 2. Seven deadly Sins 3. Good and Evil angels Morality Plays
- 18. It is one of the types in Drama. Interlude took place in morality plays. In Elizabethan period, interlude was quite famous. It is developed from the comic relief provided in the morality plays. Interlude
- 21. Famous English Dramatists William Shakespeare Christopher Marlowe Ben Johnson
- 22. Short Note English drama evolved from miracle and mystery plays. Then it developed as morality and interlude plays.