lit.pptx

Chapter 5
GROUP 3
WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION PARTY!
I R T R

The literature presents human experience
in the forms of sensation, feelings, moods,
attitudes, thoughts, events in an
interrelated series. of all the arts, literature
is considered the noblest and the most
concrete.
R R

N
S
According to 2022
Intellectual
Appeal
add knowledge and
reminds the reader of
certain truth
Emotional Appeal
moves the reader to
sympathize
Humanistic
Appeal
improves the reader's
outlook in life making
him a better person
there are 3 general elements of
literature

Each genre is characterized by a particular
manner of presentation wherein seen clearly
is the relationship existing between the
author, the audience, and the work itself.
Drama
Fiction (short story and the novel)
Poetry
Manner of Presentation via
Literature genre
Literature
Essay

Drama is a narrative artistic work that has a
plot, characters, setting, and theme. It is
performed as an objective occurrence
witnessed by an audience.
Definition of
A
A

T
A
The
Stands concealed in the wings of the
theater wringing his hands until the final
applause tells him that his work has
succeeded.

A
"All the world's a stage and all the men
and women merely players: They have their
exits and their entrances, and one man in his
time plays many parts."
- William
Shakespeare

This is
We met one rainy night accidentally
(or so he would have me believe).
E
T
M
The term "drama" comes from a
Greek word meaning "deed / act"
(Classical Greek: δρᾶμα, drâma),
which is derived from "I do" (Classical
Greek: δράω, dráō)
Y Y
E
HISTORY
Drama has always been a natural activity of man
for it has been closely related to life; man has
always imitated situations, clarified his
experiences, and made sense of it. Drama
started out in the form of dances and rituals by
people who ask their gods to bring them good
luck before hunting, planting and fighting or
telling stories about their gods.

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
CHARACTERS - They are the people in the play that are involved in the story
that are distinct which the actor “brings to life”.
• Characterization. The way an actor plays a role using his/her skills to create a
character in a drama.
PLOT- The series of events in the play.
- Rising action. A literary plot that builds up toward the point of
greatest interest.
- Climax. It is the most exciting part of the story and it is also when
the conflict of the plot is resolved.
- Falling action. It is the period after the dramatic confrontation of the
climax.
THEME - It refers to what the play means or to the main idea within the play.

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
DIALOGUES - It refers to the word choices made by the playwright and the
enunciation of the actors delivering the lines.
MUSIC - It means the sound, rhythm, and melody of the speeches.
SPECTACLE - It usually involves all the visual elements of the production of a
play. It also refers to the dramatic materials, setting, or costumes of a specific
play.
SYMBOLS - It is usually the representation of an idea or feeling.

Greek Drama
• The drama first emerged in classical Greece.
• The plays were tragic in nature and depicted man's
catastrophic fall when he disobeyed the gods.
• They were based on myths or historical events and
dealt with people' quests for the meaning of life.
Significant playwrights were Aeschylus, Sophocles,
Euripides, and Thespis.
• It is 15 chorus members, all of whom were guys,
performed with masks, stilts, and exaggerated
motions.
Brief History of Drama
(ANCIENT DRAMA)
Greek Drama

Roman Drama
• Roman drama borrowed ideas from Greek drama.
• All-male cast also wore masks but Romans preferred
action rather than listening to dialogues onstage.
• Roman theatre was less influenced by religion.
• Plays lasted for two hours and were usually
comedies.
• The Roman Coliseum is one of the most famous and
largest venues for such entertainment.
• Famous Roman playwrights included Plautus,
Terence, and Seneca.
(ANCIENT DRAMA)
Roman Drama

• Because Roman Christian leaders viewed
plays as frightening, terrible, and corrupt, real
drama ceased to exist during the medieval
times when the Roman Empire was converted
to Christianity.
• Liturgical dramas staged by priests or
churchgoers gave the theatre a second life.
• Hrotswitha, a German nun, is regarded as the
era's first female playwright.
(MEDIEVAL DRAMA)
Medieval Drama

Three types of religious dramas
a. Mystery plays - are short dramas based on
the Old and New Testaments and organized
into historical cycles.
b. Miracle plays - are dealt with the lives of
saints.
c. Morality plays - taught lessons through
allegorical characters representing virtues or
faults.
(MEDIEVAL DRAMA)
Medieval Drama

• Drama in the period of recovery or
rebirth, a renewal of learning inspired by
classical forms and concepts, is referred
to as Renaissance drama.
• Traveling actors performed commedia
dell' arte, an Italian pantomime comedy
that is spontaneous and unscripted but
has a fundamental plot and settings with
well-known characters.
• The actors dress in vibrant outfits.
(RENAISSANCE
DRAMA)
Renaissance Drama

• During the reign of Elizabeth I
• Its greatest product was William Shakespeare,
one of the most well-known playwrights in the
world.
• Similar to the Greeks, every man played a woman
in his plays.
• The actors wore costumes, wigs, and makeup but
no masks.
• The best poetry in the English language was
inspired by the stage's lack of scenery and props,
which allowed the words to build the scene.
(ELIZABETHAN
DRAMA)
Elizabethan Drama

There are two conventions of Elizabethan drama that were
popular during this time:
• soliloquy, a dramatic monologue that reveals the actor's
feelings or thoughts.
• aside, a remark which the audience hears but other actors
do not.
Another popular dramatic form during Elizabethan times was the
masque.
Masque - a pleasant and enjoyable story in poetry with
mythological or allegorical figures
• Presented by a group of masked scene dancers.
• The actors were aristocratic, occasionally from the royal
family.
• They did not speak, sing, dance, or do any challenging
positions or figures. With their stunning clothing and elegant
appearance, they serve to create an "imposing show."
(ELIZABETHAN
DRAMA)
Elizabethan Drama

• Neoclassical drama brought the theaters
indoors, and the drama created at this time was
more refined and less violent as a reflection of
the values and concerns of the time.
• Comedy and tragedy were prominent forms of
entertainment that represented concerns about
good taste and manners.
• It used music in its creation, and it featured
female actors on stage for the first time.
(NEOCLASSICAL DRAMA)
Neoclassical Drama

• Drama was presented in a
verisimilitude era, which refers to
the use of prose language and
portrayal of the real world.
• There was no music played, but
there was extensive use of sound
effects.
• It is a drama that made an effort to
reflect life as accurately as possible.
(VICTORIAN DRAMA)
Victorian Drama

• Features either realistic or symbolic sets.
• It experimented with stage layouts and
storylines.
• The "freezing" of actors, musicals, music
dramas, and operas that addressed
contemporary themes were among the other
advances.
• The discussions are more casual and steer
clear of flowery and stylized terminology.
• The use of multimedia in contemporary play
has also been included, creating stunning
entertainment for a fickle and demanding
world.
(MODERN DRAMA)
Modern Drama

Philippine drama, or dula
is just as diverse and vibrant as its Western
counterpart. The majority of Philippine dramas
are also affected by the country's colonial
rulers, who were able to successfully infiltrate
and influence the Filipino spirit and mentality.
Philippine Drama is divided into:
• Ethnic play - Old Filipino folklore and
ancient traditions are used as the basis for
ethnic performances. They display the
native cultures and customs of the nation.
(MODERN DRAMA)
Ati Warriors In Their
Costume

• Plays from Spanish Era - Spanish
invaders left their mark on plays from the
Spanish era by incorporating Catholic
celebrations like the Cenaculo, Flores de
Mayo (May Procession), and Moriones.
In other plays, such as the Moro-Moro,
the conflict between Catholics and
Muslims is also depicted (The Moors).
(Modern DRAMA)
Scene from Cenaculo

• Plays from American Era - American
colonizers are responsible for plays from the
American era. During this time, zarzuelas
primarily served as subversive propaganda
with themes of nationalism and revolution. The
most well-known of these zarzuelas were
created by Severino Reyes, widely known as
the "Father of Philippine Dramas" or "Ama ng
Dulang Pilipino." His most well-known
compositions include Walang Sugat (1902),
Paglipas ng Dilim (1920), and Bungangang
Pating (1921).
(Modern DRAMA)
Zarzuela

This is Fiction.
The audience or the readers are present and
holds the literary work in his hand. He experiences
fiction as events and emotions that he
participates in himself.
C
F
(Novel and Short Story)

Setting - place or time of the
story
Theme - fundamental idea or
meaning behind the story
Point of view - from what
whose or angle the story is
told.
ELEMENTS
OF FICTION
Plot - arrangement of events or
happenings that make up a story
which has background, rising
action, climax, falling action and
resolution.
Characters - persons who act and
talk to realize the plot.

L
A novel is a narrative work of prose fiction that tells
a story about specific human experiences over a
considerable length.
• For the most part, novels are dedicated to
narrating the individual experiences of
characters, creating a closer, more complex
portrait of these characters and the world they
live in.
• Inner feelings and thoughts, as well as complex,
even conflicting ideas or values are typically
explored in novels, more so than in preceding
forms of literature.
Novel

Science Fiction and Fantasy - Science
fiction tends to imagine a world that’s
different because of technology, while
fantasy imagines a world with magic.
- Some of the best-known novels in Western
literature are fantasy novels.
Types of Novels
Novels come in all styles imaginable, with every author
bringing their own unique voice to the table.
Mystery novels - revolve around a crime that
must be solved, often a murder but not
always.
- Some of the best-known novels of all time
fall into the mystery genre.
Types of Novels

Romance - Romance novels of the present day
have some things in common with “romances” of
the past: the idea of romantic love as an end
goal, the occasional scandal, and intense
emotions at the center of it all. They often follow
highly specific structures and are all but required
to have an optimistic or “happy” resolution.
Types of Novels
Horror/thriller novels - are occasionally combined
with other genres, most often with mystery or
science fiction. It is designed to induce a sense of
fear, suspense, or psychological horror in the
reader.
Types of Novels

Realist Fiction - Realist fiction is fiction that
eschews heightened genre or style to attempt to
tell a story that “could” take place in the world as
we know it. The focus is on representing things
truthfully, without romanticizing or artistic
flourishes. Some of the best-known realist authors
include Mark Twain, John Steinbeck, Honoré
deBalzac, Anton Chekov, and George Eliot
Types of Novels
Historical Fiction - historical fiction is simply a
fictional story that takes place at some real,
past time in human history.
Types of Novels

short stories
A brief fictional prose narrative that is
shorter than a novel and that usually
deals with only a few characters. It is
usually concerned with a single effect
conveyed in only one or a few significant
episodes or scenes.
O R
S Y

P
T short story
Anecdote
An anecdote is a type of storytelling
about a real person and/or incident.
They are very short but have no
specific limits.
Drabble
The purpose of this type of
storytelling is briefness. Exceptionally
short, they comprise 100 words.
Fable
It features anthropomorphic creatures
telling a story with a moral. Most
popular among children stories, often
the moral is revealed at the end.

Flash Fiction
This is an extremely short piece of
literature. It has no widely accepted
length, but has a debated cap of
between 300 and 1000 words.
P
T short story
Feghoot
Feghoot is a story pun or a
poetic story joke—a type of
short story.
Frame Story
Also known as a frame tale or a nested
narrative, it is a technique of placing a
story within a story, for setting the stage
for a main narrative.

Sketch Story
It is the description of a character or a
location. The story is a shorter than
average piece containing little or no
plot.
P
T short story
Mini-saga
If you can manage to tell a
story in exactly 50 words you
can call it a mini saga. It is
about saying a lot with a little.
Vignette
A vignette is a short piece that
focuses on a single scene,
character, idea, setting, or object.

Novels are longer than short stories.
Novels are not intended to be read in a
single sitting and are not designed to
produce a single effect.
Novels can conclude with many plots and
complex main points.
Novels can focus on multiple characters.
Novels can cover very long.
NOVEL
Short stories are shorter than novels.
Short stories are intended to be read in a
single setting and designed to be produced
a single effectively.
Short story contains one basic plot.
Short stories focused on one or two
characters.
Short stories generally cover a very short
time.
SHORT STORY
VS..

Poetry is a literary work that
requires careful use and
manipulation of language as a tool
for expressing or evoking emotions
or ideas.
R

R
• Usually arranged in lines and stanzas which may or
may not rhyme but are written in the rhythmic and
imaginative language.
• Poetry uses verse, which is concerned with meter,

Origin of Poetry
THE ORIGIN OF POETRY DATES BACK TO
ANTIQUITY. ITS ROOTS COME MAINLY FROM
THE GREEK CIVILIZATION. THE EARLIEST
FORMS OF POETRY PREDATE WRITTEN
LANGUAGE. THEY WERE SUNG OR RECITED
TO HELP PEOPLE REMEMBER GENEALOGY,
LAWS, AND ORAL HISTORY.

The term poetry dates back to Greek civilization. Specifically,
the word “Poetry” comes from the ancient Greek: ποιεω (poieo)
and means: action, to do, to materialize. Other Latin words
were derived from these Greek words, such as poesis ‘poetry’,
poeta ‘poet’, poetria ‘poetess’, poética or poeticés ‘poetic work’.
And from there, the term poetry comes to various languages.
Origin of Poetry

Called the "father of English literature",
or, alternatively, the "father of English
poetry"
English poet, author, and civil servant
best known for The Canterbury Tales
Known for metrical innovation,
inventing the rhyme royal, and he was
one of the first English poets to use
the five-stress line in his work, with
only a few anonymous short works
using it before him.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer
The greatest English poet of the
Middle Ages

poetry is a literary work in which the
expression of feelings and ideas is
given intensity by the use of
distinctive style and rhythm.
F
O
I
According to
N

Poem
• Works of poetry.
• a poem is what
we call a piece
of poetry.
Poet
A person who creates poetry. A poet
may simply be the creator who creates
poems, or they may also perform their
art to an audience. The poet does not
address an audience but he speaks
spontaneously to himself or to the
universe, or, perhaps, to an absent
lover.

E
P
V
“to do, to create”
poetry is the art of
creating poems
Poetry and Poem refer to the rhythmic
composition written or spoken to
communicate beautiful, imaginative, or
lofty thoughts and are used in the same
context
“something made or
created”
The poem is the result of
poetry
Similarity

POETRY
dramatic
poetry
epic
ode
narrative
poetry
burlesque
balla
d
allegory
lyric poetry
elegy
haiku
sonne
t
There are
three
major
classes
of poetry:
Soliloquy
Monologue

J
M A of Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Pure expressions of emotions in
the form of ode, elegy, haiku or
sonnet. Lyrical poetry do not
necessarily tell a story but focus
on the poet’s personal attitudes
and state of mind.
Narrative Poetry
a story in compact poetic
structure in the form of ballad,
metrical tale or epic. Narrative
poems tell a story from the
perspective of a third-person
narrator.
Dramatic Poetry
also known as dramatic
monologue, is meant to be spoken
or acted. It is a story that unfolds
through dialogues in poetic lines.
It is written from the perspective
of a character in the story.
• elegy - a reflective poem to honor the dead
• haiku - a seventeen-syllable poem that
uses natural imagery to express an
emotion
• ode - an elevated poem that pays tribute to
a person, idea, place, or another concept
• sonnet - a descriptive fourteen-line poem
with a specific rhyme scheme.
• allegory - a narrative poem that uses
an extended metaphor to make a point
• ballad - narrative poetry set to music
• burlesque - a mock-epic poem that
tells an ordinary story in a
melodramatic way
• epic - a long poem that tells a story of
heroic
• Monologue – a speech given by one
character to another, or by one
character to the audience.
• Soliloquy – a speech given by one
character to himself or herself; a
dramatic representation of inner
monologue

• Imagery – pictures or images which the poet makes the
readers see or imagine through the use of figurative
language
• Figurative language – words that mean something other
than what they denote. Examples are simile, metaphor, etc.
• Connotation – the attitudinal meanings of words that have
special meaning and emotional significance
• Rhythm – musical quality as words are stressed and
unstressed in a poetic line
• Meter – patterned arrangement of syllables according to
stress and length
• Theme – a sense of meaning or subject matter of the poem
E
P
Elements of

Y
What is an essay??
• As a literary genre, the essay is a
communication from the individual author, as a
person, to the reader.
• It is prose writing which expresses the writer’s
opinions, attitudes, feelings, or observations
about a topic or subject that interests him.

ESSAY
Essayer
(Old
French)
Essay
(English)
Exagium - weighing
(Late Latin)
Essai - trial
(Old French)
Exigere -
ascertain, weigh
(Late Latin)
Derivation of the word
“Essay”

S
H Y
of Essay
The 'essay' as a form of literature is not
of ancient origin. It was in 1571 that the
'essay' was invented by the French
philosopher, Montaigne. He called his
short, philosophical writings which were
the products of moments by the French
word assai, which means 'attempt'.
Michel de Montaigne is the
father of the essay.
Burges Johnson
Francis Bacon established the
essay as a "definite form,"

Facts About Essay
• The essay as a form exists
between literature as a tool and
literature as an interpretative art.
• Of all the forms of literature the
essay is in its method the least
complex.
S
E
Elements of an Essay
• Topic
• The essayist’s stand on the
topic
• The relevance of the topic
to the lives of the readers
The essayist is chiefly interested
to the following:
• Interpretation of facts
• Report facts
• Explain facts
• Correct a previous misinterpretation of
facts
• Merely express an opinion concerning a
fact
Devices or techniques
essayist
may use are
• Biography
• Fiction
• Poetry
• Drama
Two types of point of
view that an essayist may
use:
• Serious Approach
- the essayist is formal,
purposive and direct in
tone.
• Light Approach
- the essayist is
conversational, familiar and
fanciful in tone.

An essay begins with a brief introduction, which
prepares the audience to read
An effective introduction should:
• Catch the reader’s attention
• Introduce the topic of the essay
• Introduce the main idea of the essay;
• Introduce the purpose of the essay
T
I C
PARTS
OF AN
ESSAY
I

An essay includes body paragraphs, which develop the main
idea (thesis or claim) of the essay.
An effective body should:
• •Explain, illustrate, discuss, or provide evidence to support the
main idea (thesis or claim) of the essay;
• Discuss only one aspect of the main idea
• Work together with the other body paragraphs to support your
essay’s main idea;
• Work together with the other body paragraphs to create a
clear, cohesive paper
D
B
PART
S
OF AN
ESSAY

An essay ends with a brief conclusion, which brings the
essay to a logical end.
An effective conclusion should:
• Provide closure for the reader
• Remind readers of the primary focus of the essay
• Avoid introducing new ideas;
• Avoid apologies.
N
C I
PARTS
OF AN
ESSA
Y
N

Thank you!
MA. IRISH GALIMBA
STEPHANIE JADE
GUINTO
JAN JOSEF
JAGOLINO
CLAIR ANNE LIGNIG
LEI LOPEZ
CARL ALEXANDER
MACIAS
APPLE JHOICE
PASTRANA
MEMBERS:

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