The document discusses the political status of Gilgit-Baltistan region. It provides a historical overview of GB's governance from British rule through independence. It analyzes relevant treaties and agreements and court decisions to determine whether GB is legally part of Pakistan or Jammu and Kashmir. While some arguments support GB as part of J&K, many counterarguments note GB's distinct history and people's choice to join Pakistan in 1947. The evolving governance structure of GB is also summarized, culminating in the 2009 Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order.
The document provides a history of the Gilgit Baltistan region. It discusses how the area was divided into several principalities and republics before the British invasion in 1840. It then summarizes how the Sikhs and Dogras attacked and occupied parts of the region between 1840-1890. In 1891-92, the British Indian Army conquered the remaining areas, bringing the whole region under British rule. The people of Gilgit-Baltistan gained freedom from the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir through their own revolution on November 1, 1947 and established their own state, later joining Pakistan.
[Understanding Gilgit-Baltistan] - A history of the rulers Pamir Times
A series of presentations on the Gilgit-Baltistan region has been initiated by Pamir Media Group. First part of the series is uploaded here. The sources for information have been given at the end of the presentation. More aspects of life in Gilgit-Baltistan region will be covered in the future presentations. You can share your feedback with us by send an email to pamir.times@gmail.com.
The document provides information about Gilgit-Baltistan, a region located in northern Pakistan. It discusses Gilgit-Baltistan's history, emergence as a province in 2009, and location between three major mountain ranges. The culture of Gilgit-Baltistan is then described, including the major languages spoken, religious and cultural festivals celebrated, traditional clothing, foods, and sports. Finally, the document outlines some of Gilgit-Baltistan's popular tourist destinations and attractions as well as some major issues facing the region.
1) Gilgit-Baltistan is a region in northern Pakistan that borders China and Kashmir.
2) The region has extreme terrain ranging from the Karakoram and western Himalayan mountain ranges to the Deosai Plains, the second highest plateau in the world.
3) The economy relies on agriculture, trade along the Silk Road, and increasingly on tourism drawn to the mountain scenery and peaks, including K2.
Gilgit-Baltistan has a total area of 72,496 square kilometers and a population of around 2 million people. It is bordered by Azad Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan, Xinjiang province of China, and the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir. Before the partition of India in 1947, the region was ruled by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, but the people decided to join Pakistan after independence. Gilgit-Baltistan has a diverse geography, culture and history as a strategically important region located in the Karakoram mountains.
Baltistan is a mountainous region in northern Pakistan bordering China. It has a population of around 400,000 people and covers an area of 27,400 square kilometers. The culture of Baltistan has been influenced by Central Asia, Tibet, and India. The region has a rich cultural heritage including traditional dances, music, festivals, cuisine, and historical sites. Some notable features of Baltistan's culture include sword dances performed by men, festivals celebrating the spring and harvest seasons, foods like hrsapkhoor and kiseer, the 17th century Shigar Fort palace, and the game of polo which is believed to have originated in the region.
This document provides information about the geography, climate, population, government, economy, and agriculture of Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan was originally comprised of two wings that separated in 1971. It has a population of over 170 million people, most of whom are Muslim. The main crops are wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane. Agriculture and fishing also play important roles in Pakistan's economy.
Gilgit Baltistan is a semi-autonomous region located in northern Pakistan that borders China, Afghanistan and India. The document outlines the main tourist attractions in Gilgit Baltistan, which include some of the highest mountains in the world like K2, numerous valleys and over 3000 alpine lakes, as well as important historical sites like Khaplu Fort. The region offers trekking, hiking, and climbing opportunities amongst the Himalayan peaks and attractions like K2, Nanga Parbat and over 5000 meter peaks, while its valleys, lakes, and historical sites also make it a popular tourist destination.
The document provides a history of the Gilgit Baltistan region. It discusses how the area was divided into several principalities and republics before the British invasion in 1840. It then summarizes how the Sikhs and Dogras attacked and occupied parts of the region between 1840-1890. In 1891-92, the British Indian Army conquered the remaining areas, bringing the whole region under British rule. The people of Gilgit-Baltistan gained freedom from the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir through their own revolution on November 1, 1947 and established their own state, later joining Pakistan.
[Understanding Gilgit-Baltistan] - A history of the rulers Pamir Times
A series of presentations on the Gilgit-Baltistan region has been initiated by Pamir Media Group. First part of the series is uploaded here. The sources for information have been given at the end of the presentation. More aspects of life in Gilgit-Baltistan region will be covered in the future presentations. You can share your feedback with us by send an email to pamir.times@gmail.com.
The document provides information about Gilgit-Baltistan, a region located in northern Pakistan. It discusses Gilgit-Baltistan's history, emergence as a province in 2009, and location between three major mountain ranges. The culture of Gilgit-Baltistan is then described, including the major languages spoken, religious and cultural festivals celebrated, traditional clothing, foods, and sports. Finally, the document outlines some of Gilgit-Baltistan's popular tourist destinations and attractions as well as some major issues facing the region.
1) Gilgit-Baltistan is a region in northern Pakistan that borders China and Kashmir.
2) The region has extreme terrain ranging from the Karakoram and western Himalayan mountain ranges to the Deosai Plains, the second highest plateau in the world.
3) The economy relies on agriculture, trade along the Silk Road, and increasingly on tourism drawn to the mountain scenery and peaks, including K2.
Gilgit-Baltistan has a total area of 72,496 square kilometers and a population of around 2 million people. It is bordered by Azad Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan, Xinjiang province of China, and the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir. Before the partition of India in 1947, the region was ruled by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, but the people decided to join Pakistan after independence. Gilgit-Baltistan has a diverse geography, culture and history as a strategically important region located in the Karakoram mountains.
Baltistan is a mountainous region in northern Pakistan bordering China. It has a population of around 400,000 people and covers an area of 27,400 square kilometers. The culture of Baltistan has been influenced by Central Asia, Tibet, and India. The region has a rich cultural heritage including traditional dances, music, festivals, cuisine, and historical sites. Some notable features of Baltistan's culture include sword dances performed by men, festivals celebrating the spring and harvest seasons, foods like hrsapkhoor and kiseer, the 17th century Shigar Fort palace, and the game of polo which is believed to have originated in the region.
This document provides information about the geography, climate, population, government, economy, and agriculture of Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan was originally comprised of two wings that separated in 1971. It has a population of over 170 million people, most of whom are Muslim. The main crops are wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane. Agriculture and fishing also play important roles in Pakistan's economy.
Gilgit Baltistan is a semi-autonomous region located in northern Pakistan that borders China, Afghanistan and India. The document outlines the main tourist attractions in Gilgit Baltistan, which include some of the highest mountains in the world like K2, numerous valleys and over 3000 alpine lakes, as well as important historical sites like Khaplu Fort. The region offers trekking, hiking, and climbing opportunities amongst the Himalayan peaks and attractions like K2, Nanga Parbat and over 5000 meter peaks, while its valleys, lakes, and historical sites also make it a popular tourist destination.
Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost region of Pakistan. It has an area of 72000 sqkm and a population of 2 million people. The region has great tourism potential due to its beautiful mountains, lakes, glaciers and valleys. It is also strategically important for Pakistan due to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor that passes through the region. Gilgit-Baltistan has a diverse culture and is known for its educated population, local cuisine, traditional music and polo. The people of Gilgit-Baltistan are friendly and hospitality.
Cpec impects of cpec for gilgit baltistan and balochistan by sahil saddar udd...Saddar Uddin
China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) is a mega project of USD 51 billion taking the joint relationship between Pakistan and China to new height
The main purpose of CPEC is to trade in all over the world through this routes .
The document discusses the geography, history, and importance of Gilgit Baltistan, as well as various stances on its status. It notes that Gilgit Baltistan occupies a strategic location between China, Afghanistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and India. It was ruled by various powers throughout history and was given to Pakistan in 1947. The region is rich in resources and tourism but claimed by Pakistan, India, and independence movements. China, India, Iran, and the US all have interests in Gilgit Baltistan's future status.
The document provides a chronology of key events in the Kashmir dispute from 1947 to 2017 between India and Pakistan over control of the Kashmir region. It outlines the partition of the subcontinent in 1947 that led to the Maharaja of Kashmir's accession to India and the first war between India and Pakistan over the region. Subsequent events include three wars, a Simla Agreement, a pro-independence insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir in the late 1980s, and continuing violence and tensions along the Line of Control dividing the region.
1. Pakistan was divided from India in 1947, with Urdu declared the sole national language against Bengali protests.
2. In 1952, three students were killed in East Pakistan protests against Urdu, becoming symbols of resistance.
3. The first East Pakistan elections in 1954 saw the Awami League and other parties form a united front winning most seats. However the governor general soon dismissed this government.
4. The 1956 constitution established parity between East and West Pakistan and recognized Bengali as a national language, ending the early period of constitutional development.
The document discusses obstacles and steps taken to improve relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Some initial obstacles included Afghanistan not recognizing Pakistan, a border dispute, Afghanistan supporting separatist movements in Pakistan and breaking diplomatic relations multiple times. However, both countries also took steps like high-level visits in 1956 and 1973 to improve relations. Pakistan also accommodated Afghan refugees and allowed transit access.
The document summarizes the key political factors that led to East Pakistan's separation from West Pakistan in 1971, resulting in the formation of Bangladesh. It discusses how the failure of Pakistan's political leadership and institutions to properly manage regional political parties weakened national unity. Specifically, it notes that the Muslim League declined as a national party, allowing regional parties like the Awami League in East Pakistan to gain strength. It also examines issues like the language dispute, economic disparities, the impact of martial laws, and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's six point demands, all of which increased Bengali nationalist sentiment. Ultimately, the political leadership was unable to address these centrifugal forces, leading to East Pakistan declaring independence.
Gilgit Baltistan history and life styleAsmaAhmad63
Every year on November 1, the region of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) officially celebrates its independence from Kashmir’s Dogra family rule. Gilgit was liberated on November 1, 1947 while Baltistan was freed in 1948 as a result of a bloody freedom war.
Tooba Javaid's assignment report is about the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. The report provides background on the geography of Kashmir and the division of control between India, Pakistan, and China. It discusses the early history of Kashmir and the events surrounding partition and the first war over Kashmir in 1947. Subsequent wars in 1965 and 1971 are also mentioned. The report outlines reasons for the ongoing dispute between India and Pakistan over the region.
This is the third video presentation of the series. It provides a complete list of the Chiefs of Army Staff (Pakistan) with their brief introduction. It is also available in video format on Youtube.
Gilgit Baltistan is a scenic region in Pakistan located in the Himalayan mountains bordering Kashmir, China, and Afghanistan. It is home to three major mountain ranges and has an area of 72,496 km2 with a population of around 1.8 million people. The main languages spoken are Shina, Balti, and Burushaski. The culture is characterized by strong family and marriage traditions, distinctive local dress, dances, music and a varied cuisine that reflects the diverse ethnic groups in the region.
Gilgit baltistan important festivals A Series of Presentation Complied By...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Gilgit baltistan important festivals A Series of Presentation Complied ByMr. Allah Dad Khan Natural Resource Management Specialist KP Province Pakistan
Geopolitical & Strategical Importance of Pakistan by Asadاسد الر حمن
Pakistan has significant geopolitical and geostrategic importance due to its location between Central Asia, the Middle East, China, and India. It serves as an important link between these regions, providing a route for trade and transit. Its proximity to great powers like China and Russia, and status as the only nuclear-armed Muslim country give it geopolitical influence.
The document discusses the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a project to build a road connecting Kashgar, China to Gwadar Port in Pakistan. CPEC aims to improve energy and communication infrastructure in Pakistan and regional connectivity. At a cost of $46-51 billion, CPEC will shorten China's oil import route from the Middle East by 12,000 km. CPEC passes through several Pakistani provinces and regions and ends in the disputed territory of Kashmir. The project is expected to boost Pakistan's economy, but some note disadvantages like threats to local industries and issues in the Balochistan region where part of CPEC is being constructed.
Culture of Gilgit Baltistan / economy of gilgit baltistan / presentation abou...jawwadilyas
this presentation is about gilgit baltistan. Here we described about the economy , cultural value and every thing about gilgit baltistan. made by muhammad jawwad shamsi.
Gilgit Baltistan is an autonomous region located in northern Pakistan. It is surrounded by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Afghanistan, China, and Jammu and Kashmir. The region contains some of the world's highest mountains such as K2 and Nanga Parbat. Marriages in Gilgit Baltistan are simple ceremonies among close family without dowries or loud celebrations. The region celebrates several festivals including polo festivals and harvest festivals. Popular tourist destinations include Fairy Meadows, Shandur Polo Ground, and Satpara Lake. The local languages include Shina, Balti, and Brushaski. Sports such as polo, skiing, and cricket are popular. Traditional foods include
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a $51 billion investment in Pakistani infrastructure and energy projects. It aims to expand roads, railways and pipelines to connect China's Xinjiang province to Pakistan's Gwadar Port. The projects are expected to boost Pakistan's economy by adding 2-2.5% annual growth and creating over 700,000 jobs by 2030. CPEC is seen as extending China's One Belt, One Road initiative and is a major part of China's development plan.
Jammu and Kashmir Problems and Solutionsvsrcchennai
This document discusses Jammu and Kashmir, providing historical context and perspectives on the Kashmir issue. It outlines the region's history under various rulers from ancient times through the partition of India in 1947. It notes that Jammu and Kashmir formally acceded to India through an instrument of accession signed on October 26, 1947. However, the issue was later internationalized and taken up by the UN, leading to the line of control. The document decodes common myths and argues that Kashmir has long been integrated with Indian culture and the issue is one of nationality, not religion. It calls for full integration of Jammu and Kashmir into India by scrapping Article 370.
OUTLINE:
GEO-STRAREGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN.
GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN.
GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATION OF PAKISTAN WITH RESPECT TO NEIGHBORS.
GEO-POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN.
Gilgit-Baltistan was formerly known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It borders Afghanistan, China, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and Indian-administered Kashmir. The region has been ruled by various empires over the centuries and became part of Pakistan in 1947. The culture features unique dances like sword dancing and music performances by trios. Over 26 local languages are spoken along with Urdu, and festivals like polo events are celebrated. Gilgit-Baltistan is not an official province of Pakistan and its people have no representation in Pakistan's parliament.
The document discusses the natural resources of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It outlines 8 types of natural resources: human resources consisting of a growing population projected to reach 1 million; atmospheric resources with varying climate from eastern moist zones to drier west; water resources including glaciers, lakes and rivers feeding the Indus River; forest resources along Himalayan ranges but decreasing; animal resources such as ibex and markhor protected in national parks; crop resources including wheat, fruits and vegetables on 1% of cultivated land; wildlife resources in protected areas like Deosai National Park; and mineral resources including gemstones like topaz, aquamarine and rare earth minerals.
Altit Fort in Hunza Valley, Pakistan is over 800 years old and served as the original capital of the former Hunza Kingdom. The fort's tower is inscribed with a date of 1548 AD. It was donated in 2001 to the Aga Khan Cultural Services, Pakistan for preservation efforts. Altit Fort is a significant historical and cultural site in the region.
Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost region of Pakistan. It has an area of 72000 sqkm and a population of 2 million people. The region has great tourism potential due to its beautiful mountains, lakes, glaciers and valleys. It is also strategically important for Pakistan due to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor that passes through the region. Gilgit-Baltistan has a diverse culture and is known for its educated population, local cuisine, traditional music and polo. The people of Gilgit-Baltistan are friendly and hospitality.
Cpec impects of cpec for gilgit baltistan and balochistan by sahil saddar udd...Saddar Uddin
China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) is a mega project of USD 51 billion taking the joint relationship between Pakistan and China to new height
The main purpose of CPEC is to trade in all over the world through this routes .
The document discusses the geography, history, and importance of Gilgit Baltistan, as well as various stances on its status. It notes that Gilgit Baltistan occupies a strategic location between China, Afghanistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and India. It was ruled by various powers throughout history and was given to Pakistan in 1947. The region is rich in resources and tourism but claimed by Pakistan, India, and independence movements. China, India, Iran, and the US all have interests in Gilgit Baltistan's future status.
The document provides a chronology of key events in the Kashmir dispute from 1947 to 2017 between India and Pakistan over control of the Kashmir region. It outlines the partition of the subcontinent in 1947 that led to the Maharaja of Kashmir's accession to India and the first war between India and Pakistan over the region. Subsequent events include three wars, a Simla Agreement, a pro-independence insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir in the late 1980s, and continuing violence and tensions along the Line of Control dividing the region.
1. Pakistan was divided from India in 1947, with Urdu declared the sole national language against Bengali protests.
2. In 1952, three students were killed in East Pakistan protests against Urdu, becoming symbols of resistance.
3. The first East Pakistan elections in 1954 saw the Awami League and other parties form a united front winning most seats. However the governor general soon dismissed this government.
4. The 1956 constitution established parity between East and West Pakistan and recognized Bengali as a national language, ending the early period of constitutional development.
The document discusses obstacles and steps taken to improve relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Some initial obstacles included Afghanistan not recognizing Pakistan, a border dispute, Afghanistan supporting separatist movements in Pakistan and breaking diplomatic relations multiple times. However, both countries also took steps like high-level visits in 1956 and 1973 to improve relations. Pakistan also accommodated Afghan refugees and allowed transit access.
The document summarizes the key political factors that led to East Pakistan's separation from West Pakistan in 1971, resulting in the formation of Bangladesh. It discusses how the failure of Pakistan's political leadership and institutions to properly manage regional political parties weakened national unity. Specifically, it notes that the Muslim League declined as a national party, allowing regional parties like the Awami League in East Pakistan to gain strength. It also examines issues like the language dispute, economic disparities, the impact of martial laws, and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's six point demands, all of which increased Bengali nationalist sentiment. Ultimately, the political leadership was unable to address these centrifugal forces, leading to East Pakistan declaring independence.
Gilgit Baltistan history and life styleAsmaAhmad63
Every year on November 1, the region of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) officially celebrates its independence from Kashmir’s Dogra family rule. Gilgit was liberated on November 1, 1947 while Baltistan was freed in 1948 as a result of a bloody freedom war.
Tooba Javaid's assignment report is about the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. The report provides background on the geography of Kashmir and the division of control between India, Pakistan, and China. It discusses the early history of Kashmir and the events surrounding partition and the first war over Kashmir in 1947. Subsequent wars in 1965 and 1971 are also mentioned. The report outlines reasons for the ongoing dispute between India and Pakistan over the region.
This is the third video presentation of the series. It provides a complete list of the Chiefs of Army Staff (Pakistan) with their brief introduction. It is also available in video format on Youtube.
Gilgit Baltistan is a scenic region in Pakistan located in the Himalayan mountains bordering Kashmir, China, and Afghanistan. It is home to three major mountain ranges and has an area of 72,496 km2 with a population of around 1.8 million people. The main languages spoken are Shina, Balti, and Burushaski. The culture is characterized by strong family and marriage traditions, distinctive local dress, dances, music and a varied cuisine that reflects the diverse ethnic groups in the region.
Gilgit baltistan important festivals A Series of Presentation Complied By...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Gilgit baltistan important festivals A Series of Presentation Complied ByMr. Allah Dad Khan Natural Resource Management Specialist KP Province Pakistan
Geopolitical & Strategical Importance of Pakistan by Asadاسد الر حمن
Pakistan has significant geopolitical and geostrategic importance due to its location between Central Asia, the Middle East, China, and India. It serves as an important link between these regions, providing a route for trade and transit. Its proximity to great powers like China and Russia, and status as the only nuclear-armed Muslim country give it geopolitical influence.
The document discusses the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a project to build a road connecting Kashgar, China to Gwadar Port in Pakistan. CPEC aims to improve energy and communication infrastructure in Pakistan and regional connectivity. At a cost of $46-51 billion, CPEC will shorten China's oil import route from the Middle East by 12,000 km. CPEC passes through several Pakistani provinces and regions and ends in the disputed territory of Kashmir. The project is expected to boost Pakistan's economy, but some note disadvantages like threats to local industries and issues in the Balochistan region where part of CPEC is being constructed.
Culture of Gilgit Baltistan / economy of gilgit baltistan / presentation abou...jawwadilyas
this presentation is about gilgit baltistan. Here we described about the economy , cultural value and every thing about gilgit baltistan. made by muhammad jawwad shamsi.
Gilgit Baltistan is an autonomous region located in northern Pakistan. It is surrounded by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Afghanistan, China, and Jammu and Kashmir. The region contains some of the world's highest mountains such as K2 and Nanga Parbat. Marriages in Gilgit Baltistan are simple ceremonies among close family without dowries or loud celebrations. The region celebrates several festivals including polo festivals and harvest festivals. Popular tourist destinations include Fairy Meadows, Shandur Polo Ground, and Satpara Lake. The local languages include Shina, Balti, and Brushaski. Sports such as polo, skiing, and cricket are popular. Traditional foods include
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a $51 billion investment in Pakistani infrastructure and energy projects. It aims to expand roads, railways and pipelines to connect China's Xinjiang province to Pakistan's Gwadar Port. The projects are expected to boost Pakistan's economy by adding 2-2.5% annual growth and creating over 700,000 jobs by 2030. CPEC is seen as extending China's One Belt, One Road initiative and is a major part of China's development plan.
Jammu and Kashmir Problems and Solutionsvsrcchennai
This document discusses Jammu and Kashmir, providing historical context and perspectives on the Kashmir issue. It outlines the region's history under various rulers from ancient times through the partition of India in 1947. It notes that Jammu and Kashmir formally acceded to India through an instrument of accession signed on October 26, 1947. However, the issue was later internationalized and taken up by the UN, leading to the line of control. The document decodes common myths and argues that Kashmir has long been integrated with Indian culture and the issue is one of nationality, not religion. It calls for full integration of Jammu and Kashmir into India by scrapping Article 370.
OUTLINE:
GEO-STRAREGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN.
GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN.
GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATION OF PAKISTAN WITH RESPECT TO NEIGHBORS.
GEO-POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN.
Gilgit-Baltistan was formerly known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It borders Afghanistan, China, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and Indian-administered Kashmir. The region has been ruled by various empires over the centuries and became part of Pakistan in 1947. The culture features unique dances like sword dancing and music performances by trios. Over 26 local languages are spoken along with Urdu, and festivals like polo events are celebrated. Gilgit-Baltistan is not an official province of Pakistan and its people have no representation in Pakistan's parliament.
The document discusses the natural resources of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It outlines 8 types of natural resources: human resources consisting of a growing population projected to reach 1 million; atmospheric resources with varying climate from eastern moist zones to drier west; water resources including glaciers, lakes and rivers feeding the Indus River; forest resources along Himalayan ranges but decreasing; animal resources such as ibex and markhor protected in national parks; crop resources including wheat, fruits and vegetables on 1% of cultivated land; wildlife resources in protected areas like Deosai National Park; and mineral resources including gemstones like topaz, aquamarine and rare earth minerals.
Altit Fort in Hunza Valley, Pakistan is over 800 years old and served as the original capital of the former Hunza Kingdom. The fort's tower is inscribed with a date of 1548 AD. It was donated in 2001 to the Aga Khan Cultural Services, Pakistan for preservation efforts. Altit Fort is a significant historical and cultural site in the region.
Gilgit-Baltistan is a region located in northern Pakistan. It has diverse topography and is home to over 1 million people who speak multiple languages. Education is an important part of the culture as the people value learning.
GB Syndrome is an inflammatory disease, incidence is rising sharply in Pakistan, it needs epidemiological investigation and extensive search for reason of this endemic status.
The document summarizes the culture of Gilgit-Baltistan, a region in northern Pakistan. It describes Gilgit as the capital city, located along the Karakoram Highway near the Chinese border. The culture has been influenced by traders on the Silk Road and has diverse ethnic groups and languages. Traditional architecture features wood structures centered around a hearth. Local crafts include embroidery, woodcarving, and stonework. Music incorporates instruments like drums and flutes. Food is influenced by Kashmiri and Tibetan cuisines. The culture reflects the diverse influences of its history as an important trading region.
Cpec and its impacts of economy and logisticsMuhammad Afzal
The document discusses the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project which involves building a transport link between China and Pakistan to incorporate roads, railways, and pipelines. It will connect Kashgar in western China to Pakistan's Gwadar port. The project aims to bring peace and prosperity to South Asia through improving connectivity, overcoming energy crises, developing infrastructure, and establishing economic ties. It is expected to transform Pakistan's economy and trade by attracting investment and cutting trade costs. Key impacts include overcoming Pakistan's energy shortages through investments in power projects, upgrading infrastructure like roads and ports, and boosting economic development through trade and industry.
China's economy has transitioned to medium-high speed growth, and China faces challenges in sustaining growth and taking a larger global role. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) initiative aims to address these through infrastructure projects in Pakistan, including energy, road, rail, and port projects totaling $45.69 billion. CPEC provides opportunities for trade, logistics and other industries, but also challenges for Pakistan in ensuring local participation and benefits.
The document discusses the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) which aims to connect the Gwadar Port in Pakistan to Xinjiang in China. It will cost over $46 billion and include projects in transportation infrastructure like upgrading Pakistan's railway system and constructing the Orange Line rapid transit system, as well as developing the Gwadar Port through building an international airport and expressways. CPEC also includes financing Chinese liquefied natural gas transport and power projects in Pakistan through concessionary loans of up to 2% interest. Some challenges to CPEC include criticism on political forums, incorporation issues between provinces, and security concerns.
The document analyzes the benefits and challenges of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project. CPEC is a $51 billion investment that aims to connect China and Pakistan through infrastructure projects like roads, railways and pipelines. It is expected to rapidly expand Pakistan's infrastructure and deepen economic ties with China. The project will create 700,000 jobs in Pakistan and boost annual economic growth by 2-2.5 percentage points. However, political unrest, security issues, and objections from some Pakistani political parties pose challenges to its successful completion.
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a $46 billion investment in Pakistan that includes infrastructure projects focused on connecting China's western province of Xinjiang to Gwadar Port in Pakistan. CPEC aims to provide China with cheaper access to the Middle East, Africa, and Europe while also upgrading Pakistan's infrastructure through projects like roads, railways, and power plants. The 3,000 km network seeks to facilitate trade and regional connectivity. CPEC's energy projects account for $33.8 billion while infrastructure projects make up $11.8 billion of total investment under the program.
Leveraging social media for CPEC & OBOR | Wali ZahidWali Zahid
A keynote by Wali Zahid, ceo, Skill City and President, IMC, on how to use social media for the success of CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) and OBOR (One Belt One Road).
CPEC: https://walizahid.com/2015/02/china-pakistan-economic-corridor-a-timeline/
OBOR: https://walizahid.com/2015/10/chinas-world-reshaping-one-belt-one-road-obor/
The document discusses the Pakistan China Economic Corridor (PCEC), which aims to build an integrated network of infrastructure and transportation links between Pakistan and Western China. The corridor would run from Kashgar, China to Gwadar, Pakistan, passing through several major Pakistani cities. The objectives of the PCEC include increasing trade, developing western China and Pakistan's less developed regions, and countering Indian influence in the region. While the route is controversial due to disagreements over an eastern vs western path, the PCEC is expected to significantly boost economic growth and development in both countries.
Leadership involves influencing others to achieve goals through strategic thinking, vision, motivation, and inspiration. Managers focus on maintaining the status quo while leaders drive innovation. Effective leadership requires problem solving, communication skills, managing goals and emotions, taking risks, and asking questions rather than giving instructions. To be a strong leader, one must learn from mistakes, develop unique value, build a reputation, and strive for excellence.
22 ways to improve productivity in the workplaceClear Books plc
The onus is no longer just on employees to keep their productivity levels high. Employers also have a responsibility to make sure that employees are given an inspiring, flexible and motivating place in which to work. Making just a few tweaks in the way you maintain your workplace can significantly increase employee productivity.
CONSOLIDATE THE RELEVANT HISTORICAL RECORD ANALYZE AND INTERPRET RELEVANT ...Fida Karim 🇵🇰
REPORT ON
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF GILGIT-BALTISTAN
BY
COMMITTEE CONSTITUTED VIDE
CHIEF SECRETARY GILGIT BALTISTAN’S OFFICE MEMORANDUM
21 NOVEMBER 2015
THE TERMS OF REFERRENCE
CONSOLIDATE THE RELEVANT HISTORICAL RECORD
ANALYZE AND INTERPRET RELEVANT TREATIES
DELIBERATE ON BOUNDRIES TILL NOVEMBER 1, 1947
i
COMPOSTION OF THE COMMITTEE
Brig. Hisamullah Beg SI[M], Blogger [Hunza Development Forum – Convener http://hisamullahbeg.blogspot.com/, with many posts on this topic]. Mr. Usman Ali Professor (Retired), Historian and writer Member
Col. Imtiaz Ul Haq SI[M], Author of a Thesis on related topic Member
AIG. Muhammad Dil Pazeer (Retired), expert on GB Affairs Member
Mr. Sher Baz Ali Bercha, Historian, writer and researcher Member
Mr. Qasim Naseem, Journalist and writer Member
Mr. Israruddin Israr, columnist and Human Rights Activist Member
North East India & Resistance to Colonial Rule.pptxSrinivasa Rao
The document provides historical context about British colonial policies and resistance movements in Northeast India. It discusses treaties like the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826 that ceded Burmese territories to Britain. It outlines British policies like establishing administrative regulations, declaring certain areas "scheduled districts," and dividing the frontier into three tracts for governance. It also summarizes key rebellions against British rule like the Phulaguri Dhewa agrarian revolt in 1861 and the Munda Rebellion led by Birsa Munda from 1899-1900 against oppression of tribal communities.
Kashmir Conflict and Possible options for its Resolution.pptxAwaisKhanMeo
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan and potential solutions. It analyzes political stances in both countries on the issue and prominent historical events. Possible solutions examined include Kashmiri autonomy, joint governance, or formal partition. However, dialogue between the two countries has broken down, and the military interests on both sides perpetuate the conflict at the expense of Kashmiri people.
this document include information About Gilgit Baltistan, its culture, political history, independence accession with Pakistan and after accession history.
it explained the orders and regulations which passed to run the administration of Gilgit Baltistan. it includes the current situation and status of the region.
The document discusses the history and politics of Gilgit-Baltistan, a region in northern Pakistan. It covers Gilgit-Baltistan's status prior to 1947, its importance economically and strategically, and anti-Pakistan political movements backed by India that seek independence for the region. The document also highlights Gilgit-Baltistan's natural beauty and includes pictures of various landscapes.
The document analyzes the geopolitical significance of Kashmir's accession under Dogra rule. It discusses how the boundaries of Kashmir were extended under Maharaja Gulab Singh with British help. It examines how British interference in Kashmir's administration increased after Gulab Singh's death. The objectives are to analyze how Dogra rulers politically integrated Kashmir and how British made Kashmir part of India, causing ongoing tensions. The methodology uses analytical and descriptive approaches analyzing secondary sources like books, articles and gazettes.
Pakistan faced numerous challenges after gaining independence in 1947, including:
1) Determining whether it would be a secular state or an Islamic state governed by sharia law.
2) Distributing power between the central and provincial governments, which eventually led to East Pakistan seceding to become Bangladesh.
3) Managing the violence and massive refugee crisis that accompanied the partition, with up to 24 million people displaced and hundreds of thousands dead.
4) Establishing political and economic stability despite the division of the new country into two wings over 1,600 km apart, lack of infrastructure and personnel for government, and loss of major economic partners and trade routes.
At independence in 1947, Pakistan faced several challenges. Key issues included determining whether Pakistan would be a secular or Islamic state, and distributing power between the central and provincial governments, which ultimately led to East Pakistan seceding to form Bangladesh in 1971. Pakistan also struggled with the violence and refugee crisis from Partition, establishing borders and relations with neighboring countries, and severe economic problems from the division of British India's assets and loss of traditional trade partners and resources. Pakistani society was polarized from the start between urban refugees and traditional rural populations.
This document provides an overview of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan in 6 sections. It discusses: (1) how the conflict started over the ruler's decision to join India after Partition; (2) the wars fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir; (3) human rights violations against Kashmiris; (4) the roles of international organizations like the UN and OIC; and (6) concludes that Kashmiris should determine the region's status and resolving this conflict is important for South Asian peace and prosperity.
The document discusses Pakistan-India relations over several decades since independence. It notes that relations have been defined by tensions, misunderstandings and wars due to unresolved disputes like Kashmir and water sharing. While economic cooperation and trade could improve ties, strategic differences like India's pursuit of regional hegemony versus Pakistan's support for regional bipolarity continue to create conflicts. Key flashpoints remain Kashmir and water resource sharing under the Indus Water Treaty.
The document discusses Pakistan-India relations over several decades since independence. It notes that relations have been defined by tensions, misunderstandings and wars due to unresolved disputes like Kashmir and water sharing. While economic cooperation and trade could improve ties, strategic differences like India's pursuit of regional hegemony versus Pakistan's support for regional bipolarity continue to create conflicts. Key flashpoints remain Kashmir, where India's actions are aimed at suppressing calls for freedom, and water sharing, where India has violated the Indus Water Treaty several times through illegal dam construction. Overall, the document argues that both countries must make sincere efforts like confidence building measures to resolve long-standing issues and improve their relations.
The Kashmir dispute is a long-standing territorial conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region. Kashmir is important to both countries for strategic reasons, including its water resources and proximity to key transportation routes. The conflict has led to multiple wars between India and Pakistan and remains a flashpoint for potential nuclear conflict in the region. Despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite to determine Kashmir's status, India has resisted allowing Kashmiris a vote for independence for over 55 years. The dispute remains unresolved and a serious threat to regional stability and security.
This document provides an overview of the geography, history and current status of Jammu and Kashmir. It discusses how the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India in 1947 following an invasion by tribesmen from Pakistan. It notes that parts of the former state are currently occupied by Pakistan and China. The document outlines issues like terrorism, the status of refugees and displaced people. It discusses the 1994 parliamentary resolution reaffirming Jammu and Kashmir as an integral part of India. It proposes strategic importance of the Pakistan-occupied parts of Kashmir and outlines a way forward for the government of India.
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
Presentation on the causes of conflicts that leads to the current scenarios in Kashmir and also talking briefly about the other side of Kashmir which is very beautiful
The document provides information on the geography, history, economy and 2014 floods of Kashmir. It discusses how Kashmir's geography led to the formation of the valley, its climate, vegetation and irrigation. It outlines Kashmir's history under various rulers and the events leading to its accession to India. The economy has traditionally centered around agriculture, especially rice. In 2014, heavy monsoon rains triggered severe flooding and landslides across Kashmir and adjoining areas, destroying property and displacing many. Diseases spread due to contaminated water and thousands had to migrate temporarily to relief camps.
The document summarizes the various perspectives on the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It discusses the background of Kashmir being a princely state historically ruled by a Maharaja. It then outlines India, Pakistan, China and Kashmiri views on the conflict. India claims the instrument of accession signed Kashmir to India. Pakistan rejects this and cites the Muslim majority and UN resolutions. Kashmiris want independence or to join Pakistan, citing a distinct identity and human rights issues under Indian rule. The dispute remains unresolved between the nuclear powers of India and Pakistan over the region.
The document summarizes the history of Gilgit-Baltistan in several periods from pre-history to modern times. It discusses how the region has been ruled by various groups including small chieftains, the Dogra regime of Kashmir, British Indian Government, and post-partition, the government of Pakistan. It also outlines the constitutional position of Gilgit-Baltistan, noting that historically it belonged to the Dogra State of Jammu and Kashmir but is now administered by Pakistan through an agreement signed in 1949.
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Determining the Political Status of Gilgit-Baltistan - Future Perspective
1. Determining the Political Status of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) -
Future Perspectives
By Colonel Imtiaz ul Haque (Retired), Compiled in April 2012
e mail: imtiaz19pr@yahoo.com
2. 2
IN THE NAMEIN THE NAME
OF ALLAH ,THE MOSTOF ALLAH ,THE MOST
COMPASSIONATE ,COMPASSIONATE ,
THE MOSTTHE MOST
MERCIFULMERCIFUL
3. Introduction
• The accession of GB to Pakistan in 1947, is a unique case, as the
people of GB having liberated 28000 Sq miles of an area and
unconditionally ceded to Pakistan.
• However, people of GB are suffering from identity crisis for last six
and half decades because its future has been linked with resolution
of Kashmir issue.
• In the light of Karachi Agreement 1949, the region so far is
governed by Federal Government .
• Absence of representation of GB in Parliament of Pakistan reflects
rule with out representation.
• Above has led to sense of political deprivation in the masses, that
needs to be addressed.
4. Aim
To analyze the issue of constitutional and political
status of Gilgit- Baltistan, keeping in view its historical
background, relevant treaties and agreements and
decisions of apex courts’, with a view to offer viable
recommendation for better integration of GB with
Pakistan.
5. Sequence
• Part - 1. Recapitulation of history and relevant
treaties and agreements.
• Part - 2. Decisions of apex courts.
• Part - 3. GB Boundaries
• Part - 4. Political Status of GB – future perspectives.
• Part - 5. Conclusions from history, treaties,
agreements and Courts’ decisions.
14. Conclusions from Historical Perspective
• The ancient history of GB is not much in recorded form. In
era BC, the region was ruled by imperial powers from Central
Asia and China.
• However medieval age is signified by rule of selected local
dynasties in respective valleys, which continued till
independence in 1947 and even thereafter up to 72.
• The British interest in this region grew in the latter half of 19th
Century, in view of the threat posed to British India by Czarist
Russia and later communism.
15. Conclusions from Historical Perspective
• Sequel to the treaty of Amritsar in 1846, the Maharaja of
Kashmir enjoyed a suzerain status over Rulers of GB.
However, the Maharaja’s de facto rule in no way justifies the
claim of Maharaja of Kashmir over GB.
• On the eve of independence in 1947, the British handed over
GB to Maharaja of Kashmir in the light of the 1935 Lease
Agreement, disregarding popular sentiments of local
inhabitants, which was not acceptable to the masses.
• This led to the war of liberation of GB in Nov 1947 and its
accession to Pakistan
16. Conclusions from Historical Perspective
• The governance arrangements and administrative reforms in
post independence period have remained far below the
expectations of the people. From Frontiers Crimes
Regulations to Presidential Order 2009, the concessions and
relief has been gradual and in bits and pieces, yet not
complete.
• GB Empowerment and Self Governance Order 2009, is a
comprehensive package from administrative and governance
point of view, yet the package does not ensure integration of
GB with Pakistan.
17. Conclusions from Historical Perspective
• The unresolved political status of GB for last six and half
decades and linking it with Kashmir Issue has resulted into
sense of political deprivation in the masses.
• The public opinion of people of GB has neither been obtained
nor a consensus has been developed to resolve the issues
regarding its political status and citizenry rights.
• Besides undetermined political status, sectarian divide, poor
communication infrastructure, economic inactivity and non
exploitation of its natural resources remain major
governance issues, faced by Gilgit-Baltistan.
19. Treaty of Lahore -1846
Article 4. the Maharajah cedes to the Honorable
Company, in perpetual sovereignty, as equivalent for one
crore of Rupees, all his forts, territories, rights and
interests in the hill countries, which are situated between
the Rivers Beas and Indus, including the Provinces of
Kashmir and Hazara.
20. Treaty of Amritsar-1846
• Article 1. The British Government transfers to Maharajah
Gulab Singh and the heirs all the hilly or mountainous
country with its dependencies situated to the eastward of
the River Indus and the westward of the River Ravi, being
part of the territories, ceded to the British Government
by the Lahore State according to the Treaty of Lahore,
dated 9th March, 1846.
21. Treaty of Lahore and Amritsar 1846.
• Comments. Surrendering to the Government of British India,
the territories situated between the Rivers Beas and Indus, by
Sikh rulers of Lahore, in no way include Gilgit-Baltistan, as the
monarchial dynasties of here enjoyed autonomous status.
Moreover, 80 percent of Gilgit-Baltistan lied towards North
and West of Indus River; hence, technically also Gilgit-
Baltistan did not form part of this Treaty. Likewise, the
provisions of this Treaty also, do not make sense for the same
reason as spelt out in Treaty of Lahore.
23. Lease of Gilgit-26 March 1935
• Article I - The Viceroy of India may at any time after the
ratification of this agreement assume the civil and military
administration of so much of the Wazarat of Gilgit province of
the State of Jammu and Kashmir as lies beyond the right bank
of the river Indus, but the said territory shall continue to be
included within the dominions of His Highness the Maharaja
of Jammu and Kashmir.
24. Lease of Gilgit-26 March 1935
• Article II – In recognition of the fact that the said territory
continues to be included within the dominion of His Highness
the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, salutes and customary
honours shall be paid in the said territory. The flag of His
Highness will be flown at the official headquarters of the
agency throughout the year.
25. Lease of Gilgit-26 March 1935.
Comments. This treaty was under peculiar geo political
environment, i.e. to exercise check on the Russian communist
expansion, entering in to British India. At the time of the
deal, the Maharaja of Kashmir enjoyed a de-facto suzerain
status and not de-jure status over princely States of Gilgit-
Baltistan. Hence, this agreement does not make Gilgit-
Baltistan a constituency of Kashmir.
26. Karachi Agreement-1949
• Matters within the purview of the Government of Pakistan.
• Defence
• Foreign policy of AK.
• Negotiations with the UNCIP.
• Publicity in foreign countries and in Pakistan.
• Co ordination of relief and rehabilitation of refugees.
• Co ordination of publicity in connection with plebiscite.
• All activities within Pakistan regarding Kashmir such as
procurement of food, civil supplies running of refugee camps
and medical aid.
• All affairs of Gilgit - Ladakh under the control of Political
Agent.
27. Karachi Agreement 1949
Comments.While assigning the responsibilities with
reference to matters relating to Kashmir, within the purview
of the Government of Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan was
administratively placed under the control of Federal
Government of Pakistan. This agreement can be viewed as
the first formal, in principle recognition of Gilgit-Baltistan,
being part of Jammu and Kashmir. No consensus of people of
GB was sought in this regards.
28. United Nations Resolutions
Comments
Whereas United Nations Commission for India and
Pakistan (UNCIP) in all its resolutions stressed on
holding of immediate cease-fire by India and
Pakistan, reduction of forces level in Kashmir and
holding of plebiscite. There is no specific mention of
Gilgit-Baltistan in any of the resolution
29. Sino-pak Border Agreement 1963
Article 6. After the settlement of the Kashmir dispute
between Pakistan and India, the sovereign authority
concerned will reopen negotiations with China on the
boundary as described in.
In the event of the sovereign authority being Pakistan, the
provisions of the present agreement shall be maintained.
30. Sino-pak Border Agreement 1963
Comments. This agreement can be seen as the second official
declaration by Pakistan, making Gilgit-Baltistan part of Jammu
and Kashmir, as the two parties agreed that after the
settlement of the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and
India, the sovereign authority concerned will reopen
negotiations with the Government of the People’s Republic of
China on the boundary as described in this agreement.
32. Aj&k High Court’s Ruling18 March 1993
AK Government to immediately assume the
administrative control of the Northern Areas and to
annex it within it’s the administration, creating
administrative and judicial machinery and provide
due representation to people of GB in the legislative
assembly and council of AK.
33. AJ and K High Court’s Ruling 18 March 1993
Comments. The decision has based on the historical
evidences regarding pattern of rule of GB after 1840.
The Court however, did not take into account, the history of
GB prior to 1840, as the area was ruled on monarchial
pattern, for about one thousand years by local rulers.
Moreover, the demographic realities and the public opinion
were totally disregarded.
34. AJ&K High Supreme Court Ruling 14 March
1994
The Court viewed that the High Court of Azad
Kashmir did not have jurisdiction of hearing the case.
Thus the High Court’s decision was not upheld by the
Supreme Court AJ and K.
35. Ruling of Supreme Court of Pakistan
Federation of Pakistan to initiate appropriate administrative
and legislative measures within a period of six months, from
May 28, 1999, to make necessary amendments in the
Pakistan Constitution and relevant statutes, orders, rules, and
notifications to ensure that the people of Northern Areas
enjoy their fundamental rights to be governed through their
chosen representatives and to have access to justice through
an independent judiciary, inter alia, for enforcement of their
fundamental rights guaranteed under the Pakistan
Constitution.
36. Ruling of Supreme Court Pakistan 29 May 1999
Comments. The Court’s directive to Government of Pakistan
to, initiates administrative and legislative steps by making
necessary amendments in the Constitution and statutes, to
ensure that the people of Gilgit-Baltistan enjoy fundamental
rights, can be considered as landmark decision relating to
determination of political and constitutional status of 1.3
million inhabitants of Gilgit-Baltistan
37. Conclusion from Boundaries of GB
• Cis and trans borders of GB have been changed time to time.
• Mir of Hunza was deprived of its territories in China and
Wakhan corridor by Col Durand in 1892.
• Chitral was linked with KPK for administrative convenience.
• The cis frontier border of Diamer with Kohistan and Ghizar
with Chitral are disputed.
• Present trans frontier border frontiers with China are
consequent to Pak-China Agreement of 1963.
• Boundary with IOK is demarcated by LOC after Simla
Agreement and Line of Actual Contact in Siachen area.
39. Arguments in Support
• GB was part of the State of J&K prior to 15 August 1947,
divided into Jammu, Kashmir, Laddakh and Gilgit provinces.
• Gilgit leased out for 60 years by Maharaja which ended on 1st
August 1947 and areas were restored to the State.
• Under Karachi Agreement wherein certain functions were
distributed and administrative control of GB was entrusted to
Government of Pakistan , temporarily.
• The said agreement lapsed on enforcement of Aj&k Govt Act
170, substituted by Act, 1974
• The GB as part of J&K acknowledged in UN Resolutions, Sino-
Pak Border Agreement of 1963, and Simla Agreement 1972.
• As per 1956, 1962 and 1973 Constitutions of Pakistan, GB did
not forms part of territories included in Pakistan
40. Arguments in Support
• As per census report of British India held in 1911, 1921, 1931,
and 1941, Northern Areas were shown part of J&K.
• The record of settlement carried out in 1925, also shows
Northern Areas as part of Jammu and Kashmir State.
• During the leased period, the flag of Jammu and Kashmir
remained hoisted in Gilgit; the right of exploration of minerals
was vested with Maharaja of Kashmir. The Mirs of the
princely state were awarded appointment letter by Maharaja
and the rulers States paid annual tribute to Maharaja of
Kashmir.
• As per maps issued by survey of Pakistan in 1954 and
thereafter, GB shown as a part of Jammu and Kashmir.
41. Arguments in Support
• As per Treaty of Lahore 1946 and Treaty of Amritsar Northern
Areas formed part of state of J&K.
• Sir Muhammad Zafar ullah Khan, the then Foreign Minister of
Pakistan, speech in Security Council on January 16, 1948,
• Section 7(i) (b) of the Independence Act 1947, being relevant
to point under consideration is reproduced as follow, “ As
from the appointed day, the suzerainty of British over the
Indian States shall lapse.
• The Mirs (rulers) were granted “Sanad” (Nomination /
appointment letter) by to Maharaja of Kashmir.
42. Arguments Against the Motion
• The history of GB prior to year1846 has been completely ignored.
• The diversities emanating from customs, traditions, culture and caste are
ignored, nothing in common between GB and J&K except religion.
• The geographical realities and hardships imposed by the terrain between
GB and J&K are not considered i.e. the traditional passes between GB and
J&K remain blocked for better half of the year due to heavy snow.
• After liberating GB in 1947, the Revolutionary Command Council opted for
Pakistan and not for J&K and asked Govt of Pakistan to take the GB in its
administrative control.
• As per law, HR charter and norms the sons of the soil are the custodians
of the land and to decide their own fate; that has already been given in
favour of Pakistan, back in 1947 through accession letters by the Mirs and
decision of Revolutionary Command Council.
• Maharaja of Kashmir enjoyed suzerainty only, over princely States of GB.
No more Maharaja of Kashmir, no more J&K’s claim over GB.
• Agreements of colonial masters no more valid and authentic in post
independence era.
44. 44
1878 To 1950 Political Agent
1950 To 1986 Resident Commissioner
1986 To 1992 Administrator
1992 To 1994 Chief Commissioner
1994 To-date Chief Secretary
Politico-administrative Arrangements
45. 45
1970 NA Advisory Council with 14 members
1972 FCR abolished
1975 Re-named N.A Council with 18 members.
1994 Addition of seats (6 for men 2 for women) total 26. Post of
Deputy Chief Executive along with 3 to 5 Advisors were created.
1999 Re-named as NALC and Powers to legislate on 49 subjects, the
seat of Speaker & 3 women seats also added.
2004 6 seats of technocrats were created and women seats
were increased from 3 to 6 ( one from each district)
2007 Northern Areas Legislative Assembly
2009 GBLA, GB empowerment order 2009
Legislative Evolution
46. Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self
Governance Order, 2009.
• The name, GB instead of the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
• Appointment of Governor, the Chief Minister and 6 ministers.
• Right to be ruled by own elected representatives and
provision of fundamental rights as guaranteed in 1973
Constitution
• Elected legislative assembly headed by speaker, consisting of
24 elected members, 6 women and 3 technocrats, have
powers to make laws on 61 subjects.
• GB Cabinet, Chief Minister, assisted by six ministers and two
advisers.
47. Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self
Governance Order, 2009
•Establishment of Public Service Commission, the Chief Election
Commissioner and the Auditor General.
•Creation of GB Consolidated Fund .
• Establishment of 15 member GB Council, (just like Senate) with Prime
Minister as its Chairman, Governor, Chief Minister,6 nominees from GBLA
and 6 nominees by Prime Minister of Pakistan, from down country, as its
members
•Establishment of Supreme Appellate Court as Supreme Court and Chief
Court in place of High Court.
49. QUESTIONNAIRE
• People of GB face identity crisis, due to undetermined
political / constitutional status.
• GB is historically a part of J&K.
• GB is part of Pakistan, as its people liberated it in November
1947 and ceded to Pakistan.
• An autonomous and independent GB is a viable option.
• GB Empowerment and Self Governance Order2009, is a
comprehensive package and addresses the people’s sense of
political deprivation, admin and governance issues.
50. QUESTIONNAIRE
• Interim provincial status to GB, right of vote and due
representation in the Parliament of Pakistan, is a
viable and popular option.
• Ending of 1949 Karachi agreement and merging of GB
with AJ&K is a viable option.
• GB should form part of KPK province, on the basis of
its geographical proximity.
51. District/Region Wise Profile of Respondents
• Gilgit District - 145 respondents
• Hunza Nagar District - 40 do
• Ghizer District - 28 do
• Diamer District - 35 do
• Astor District - 17 do
• Baltistan Region - 29 do
• Total - 294 do
52. Profession Wise Profile of Respondents
• Members GBLA - 10 respondents
• Lawyers - 30 do
• Politicians - 36 do
• Clergy - 38 do
• General educated people - 60 do
• University students - 120 do
• TOTAL - 294 do
54. Q 1: People of GB face identity crisis, due to
undetermined political/constitutional status.
55. Q2. GB is historically a part of Jammu and Kashmir.
56. Q 3: GB is part of Pakistan as people of GB liberated it
in Nov 1947 and ceded to Pakistan.
57. Q 4: An autonomous and independent GB is a viable
option.
58. Q 5: GB Empowerment and Self Governance Order2009 is a
comprehensive package and addresses the people’s sense of
political deprivation, administrative and governance issues.
59. Q 6: Interim provincial status to GB, right of vote and
due representation in the parliament of Pakistan is a
viable and popular option.
60. Q 7: Ending of 1949 Karachi agreement and merging of
GB with AJ&K is a viable option.
61. Q 8: GB should form part of KPK province, on the
basis of its geographical proximity.
64. Importance of GB for Pakistan
• GB lies at the junction point of four countries
Pakistan, China, Afghanistan and India. CARs are
at stretch of only 12 km across Wakhan strip .
• KKH, linking Pakistan with China, is of immense
strategic importance and defence value, providing
a safe and reliable land route, which can be used
as one of the alternative main supply lines, in case
of a naval blockade.
• KKH is equally important for China, offering a
trade route for its import / export through sea
ports of Gawadar and Karachi (Pak-China
Economic Corridor).
65. Importance of GB for Pakistan
• As situation in Afghanistan remains turbulent,
fragile and uncertain, making land route access to
CARs is unsafe; GB offer safer access to CARs, via
China or from Hunza and Ghizer valleys, across
narrow Wakhan strip.
• Indus and its tributaries serve as life line arteries
for agriculture and power generation of Pakistan.
Although Indus originates from Tibetan
mountains in IOK but bulk of its water originates
from the mountain and glaciers of GB.
66. Importance of GB for Pakistan
• India can effectively regulate or block other rivers,
Jhelum, Neelum and Chenab, but can’t do much
with Indus.
• GB has the capacity to meet the entire electricity
requirement of Pakistan (40,000 MW) and
enormous potential for storage of water.
67. Option for Determining Political Future of GB
• Option 1. Interim provincial status with right of vote and
representation in the Parliament of Pakistan.
• Option 2. Ending Karachi Agreement 1949 and merging GB
With AJ&K.
• Option 3. Providing status akin to AJ&K.
• Option 4. GB as 5th
Constitutional Province of Pakistan with
right of vote and representation in the its Assemblies .
68. Option 1.
Interim provincial status with right of vote and
representation in Parliament - Advantages
• The sense of political deprivation of the people of
GB, with regards to identity and representation, will
be addressed and the future of GB determined as per
their wishes.
• The option ensures better integration of GB with the
mainstream political system of Pakistan.
• Kashmiri leadership, India and United Nations can be
satisfied, as it will be “interim/provisional status”, i.e.
retaining the disputed status of GB as part of Jammu
and Kashmir.
69. Option 1 - Advantages
• Stronger stance to answer India and world as India
has already given representation to J&K and Ladakh.
• As the settlement of Kashmir issue, as per UN
resolutions is difficult in foreseeable future, relief
could be provided to people of GB, yet retaining the
flexibility of use of vote of GB in favor of Pakistan in
case of a plebiscite.
• If Pakistan at some stage feels that the ‘status quo’ is
the future of Kashmir issue, this option would serve
better the interest of Pakistan.
70. Option 1 - Advantages
• In case the plebiscite in which third option ,
independent Jammu and Kashmir materialize, the
people of GB will still vote for Pakistan.
• The options require minimum organizational and
structural changes.
• The uprising nationalist movement and centrifugal
tendencies will be defeated.
• The option has over whelming support of the people
of GB.
71. Option 1 – Dis advantages
• The pro Pakistani Kashmiri political leadership on the both
sides of the line of control may not like it.
• A step amounting to weakening Pakistan’s original stance
with respect to Kashmir issue.
• It can be termed a step towards recognition of status quo,
which is more of an Indian desire.
• The political status of GB yet remains in flux and hang on and
the original desire/demand of the people for accession to
Pakistan is not fully addressed.
• As the public opinion keeps on changing, this move may
become counterproductive and may ignite support for
independent Gilgit-Baltistan at a later stage.
72. Option 2.
Ending Karachi Agreement and Merging Gilgit-
Baltistan With AJ&K - Advantages
• Supplements Pakistan’s principal stance regarding resolution
of Kashmir issue through plebiscite, as per UN resolutions.
• Political leadership on both sides of Line of Control will
welcome this step.
• The people of Gilgit-Baltistan, belonging to Kashmiri caste and
possibly some percentage of people from Diamer and Astor
district may welcome this step.
73. Option 2.
Ending Karachi Agreement and Merging Gilgit-
Baltistan With AJ&K – Dis Advantages
• The sense of political deprivation of people of Gilgit-Baltistan
will increase.
• Will have shocking effect for the majority of the people of
Gilgit-Baltistan, whose forefathers opted for Pakistan in 1947.
• Shia, Ismaili and Noorbaksh, who form 75% of the population
of Gilgit-Baltistan, will definitely resist it.
• Nationalist and pro-independence trends will be encouraged.
74. Option 2.
Ending Karachi Agreement and Merging Gilgit-
Baltistan With AJ&K – Dis Advantages
• India’s stance about Gilgit-Baltistan as their part, will be
justified.
• The political leadership of Azad Jammu and Kashmir will
dominate and Gilgit-Baltistan will become a minority in Azad
Jammu and Kashmir Assembly.
• More governance and administrative inconveniences due to
distances and communication problems of GB with Azad
Jammu.
75. Option 3
Providing Status Akin To AJ&K - Advantages
• The issues relating to self-governance and internal autonomy
will be better addressed as Gilgit-Baltistan will attain status of
state akin to that of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, having own
interim Constitution, flag, President, Prime Minister, the
Assembly and judicial infrastructure.
• Minimum organizational and structural changes will be
required, as existing infra-structure is almost on the similar
lines except the change of names /appointments, i.e.
President and prime Minister instead of Governor and Chief
Minister.
76. Option 3
Providing Status Akin To AJ&K - Dis advantages
• The basic demand of the people, i.e. integration with Pakistan would
remain un- addressed.
• A State for 1.3 million people of Gilgit-Baltistan may not be a viable
administrative and financial option.
• Autonomous State status has never been a demand of people of GB.
• The pro Pakistani Kashmiri leadership on both sides of line of control will
bitterly oppose it.
• It will be difficult for Pakistan to justify its principle stance in UN.
• Nationalist parties striving for autonomous State will be encouraged.
• The sectarian and mal governance will be pronounced in the absence of
supervision and a neutral monitor .
77. Option 4
GB as 5th
Constitutional Province of Pakistan - Advantages
• Admissible under Art. 1 (2) (d) of 1973 Constitution which
says, “Territories of Pakistan shall comprise, such States and
territories as are or maybe included in Pakistan, whether by
accession or otherwise”
• To the best satisfaction of people of GB.
• Issue of GB political future settled once for all.
• Pakistan has a justified reason to do it, when see in historical
perspective.
78. Option 4
5th
Constitutional Province of Pakistan – Disadvantages
• U turn on principle stance and Kashmir Policy.
• Unacceptable to Kashmiris on both sides of LOC, amounting
to annoying them and loosing their support for accession to
Pakistan.
• Difficult to justify because of Karachi Agreement and Sino –
Pak Border Agreement 1963.
80. Core Recommendation –
Interim Integration of Gilgit-Baltistan with Pakistan
The Supreme Court of Pakistan in its landmark decision on the
subject has underlined a course of action to solve the issue. With
the enforcement of Gilgit-Baltistan (Empowerment and Self
Governance) Order, 2009, a portion of the Supreme Court’s
judgment order has been fulfilled. However, issue relating to
representation of Gilgit-Baltistan in the Parliament of Pakistan,
ensuring better integration of Gilgit-Baltistan with the main
stream politics of Pakistan, is yet to be decided by the
Parliament and Executive. The establishment of the Gilgit-
Baltistan Council is a step in this direction, but more of symbolic
in nature. Ideally, the merger of Gilgit-Baltistan with Pakistan as
its fifth province would bring an end to the identity crisis once
for all. However, in view of the Government’s policy adopted so
far, a complete policy shift may not be a viable option.
81. Core Recommendation –
Interim Integration of GB with Pakistan
In the prevailing context “interim provisional status to Gilgit-
Baltistan with right of vote and representation in Parliament
of Pakistan” is viewed as best possible option. For this
purpose, necessary legislation and amendment in 1973
Constitution can be made, as permissible vide para 1 (2) (d) of
the Constitution of Pakistan 1973.
Since representation in the National Assembly is based on
population ratio, conveniently three elected representatives,
one each for three divisions, i.e. Gilgit, Baltistan and Diamer
respectively, can be managed. One women seat can be kept
for GB.
82. Core Recommendation –
Interim Integration of GB with Pakistan
For representation in the Senate of Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan
may be considered as an interim federating unit with due
recognition and representation as in case of other federating
units. Pakistan can justify its stance, as India has already
extended its constitutional jurisdiction to the part of Jammu
and Kashmir under its administrative control, including
Laddakh region. Moreover, Kashmir issue also remains unhurt
due to interim nature of the provision.
83. Subsidiary Recommendations
• Extension of bench of Supreme Court of Pakistan, bringing GB
under wider judicial umbrella.
• Establishment of institutions like office of Provincial Public
Service Commission, Provincial Ombudsman, office of
Provincial Consolidated Fund, etc, as permissible under the
Constitution of Pakistan 1973.
• Due representation of GB in Council of Common Interest, NFC
award and other national level forums, having representation
of federating units.
• Determination of due share / royalty of projects of national
magnitude, like Diamer Basha Dam, Bunji hydel project and
mineral, tourism and water resources.
• Safeguarding economic interests of GB in Pak-China Economic
Corridor project.
84. Strategy to Fight Menace of Sectarianism
The awareness to the fact that people of GB have to live in
an environment of mutual co-existence is of utmost
important. Whereas, the overall responsibility of handling the
issue rests with the govt, the clergy and civil society also need
to play their role. There is a need to realize that the diversity
is a hard fact of modern societies. It is with the sense of
accommodation and tolerance that people of GB can have a
prosperous life. The performance of LEAs and Judiciary need
mark improvement.
85. Development of Communication
The prosperity of GB is associated with better communication
links with the main land, Pakistan. For this purpose
Karakorum High Way which serves as life line artery, needs to
be maintained. The alternative road to Gilgit- Baltistan via
Kaghan-Naran- Babusar-Chilas, which is a short cut of 120
kilometer to Gilgit from Islamabad. As the flight schedule to
Gilgit and Skardu are often disturbed by inclement weather,
there is a need to upgrade the existing airports and arrange
for passenger aircrafts capable of operating in all weather.
This will tremendously boost tourism in Gilgit-Baltistan
86. Exploiting Potentials and Resources
• Promotion of tourism
• Exploration of mineral and natural resources
• Exploiting the enormous potential of production of
hydro electricity
• Development and promotion of cottage industry i.e.
fruit preservation, juices and beverages and
handicrafts.
• Social Development through establishment of
institutions like, a medical college, a poly technical
college and a cadet college in each region.
87. Conclusion
Sense of political deprivation of people of GB is a sour issue
and requires immediate attention of political leader ship. An
earnest effort has been put in to identify the nature and
gravity of the problem and suggest measures to address the
issue.
All relevant factors, including historical aspect, pertinent
treaties and agreements, the court’s decisions and public
opinion, have been analysed before drawing conclusions and
recommendations.
It is hoped that this effort helps the readers in general and
people at the helm of affair in particular to understand the
subject and get a fair idea about the available options to
address the issue of sense of political deprivation of the
people of GB, ensuring its better future integration with
Pakistan.