Determine the concentrations of manganese in a pill
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The students determined the concentration of manganese in a pill called Arthu Z that claimed to contain 4mg of manganese. They calculated the average weight of the pills and crushed and diluted the pills to perform spectrometry analysis. The results found that the pills contained 2.7mg of manganese, less than the 4mg listed on the label. The students concluded that their hypothesis was confirmed and that federal agencies should regulate supplement production more strictly since manufacturers do not always accurately analyze product contents.
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1. The document describes an experiment to determine the concentration of manganese in a vitamin pill called Arthuan Z, which claims to contain 4 mg of manganese.
2. The experiment involved crushing and diluting the pill, then measuring the absorbance of the solutions. Calibrations solutions of known manganese concentration were also prepared.
3. By creating a calibration curve from the absorbance measurements and calculating the amount of manganese in the pill sample, the concentration of manganese in the pill was determined to be 2.718 mg, less than the labeled amount. This supported the initial hypothesis.
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1. The document outlines a procedure to determine the concentration of manganese in a vitamin pill called Arthu Z through dilution, reaction with acids, and spectrophotometric analysis.
2. The pill was crushed, diluted, and reacted with acids to produce a colored solution, which was then used to generate a calibration curve relating absorbance to known manganese concentrations.
3. By measuring the absorbance of the pill solution and using the calibration curve, the concentration of manganese in the pill was determined to be 2.718 mg, which is less than the labeled 4 mg amount.
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1. The students determined the concentration of manganese in an ArthuZ pill through a series of dilution and analysis steps. They weighed pills, crushed them, made dilutions in nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and observed color changes after adding sodium periodate and heating.
2. The students then made a calibration curve using known concentrations of potassium permanganate and measured absorbance of their pill dilutions.
3. Their calculations determined the pill contained 2.718 mg of manganese, less than the labeled 4 mg, confirming their hypothesis. Proper analysis by supplement companies is needed to ensure accurate labeling.
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1. The students determined the concentration of manganese in an ArthuZ pill through a series of dilution and analysis steps. They weighed pills, crushed them, made dilutions in nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and observed color changes after adding sodium periodate and heating.
2. The students then made a calibration curve using known concentrations of potassium permanganate and measured absorbance of their pill dilutions.
3. Their calculations determined the pill contained 2.718 mg of manganese, less than the labeled 4 mg, confirming their hypothesis. Proper analysis by supplement companies is needed to ensure accurate labeling.
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1. The document describes an experiment to determine the concentration of manganese in a vitamin pill called Arthuan Z, which claims to contain 4 mg of manganese.
2. The experiment involved crushing and diluting the pill, then measuring the absorbance of the solutions. Calibrations solutions of known manganese concentration were also prepared.
3. By creating a calibration curve from the absorbance measurements and calculating the amount of manganese in the pill sample, the concentration of manganese in the pill was determined to be 2.718 mg, less than the labeled amount. This supported the initial hypothesis.
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1. The document outlines a procedure to determine the concentration of manganese in a vitamin pill called Arthu Z through dilution, reaction with acids, and spectrophotometric analysis.
2. The pill was crushed, diluted, and reacted with acids to produce a colored solution, which was then used to generate a calibration curve relating absorbance to known manganese concentrations.
3. By measuring the absorbance of the pill solution and using the calibration curve, the concentration of manganese in the pill was determined to be 2.718 mg, which is less than the labeled 4 mg amount.
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1. The students determined the concentration of manganese in an ArthuZ pill through a series of dilution and analysis steps. They weighed pills, crushed them, made dilutions in nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and observed color changes after adding sodium periodate and heating.
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This document summarizes the results of analyzing the chemical composition of Gardasil 9 vaccine using mass spectrometry. Over 300 unknown signals were detected in the vaccine, with only 22% able to be potentially identified. While some expected viral proteins were found, many unknown compounds were present. Several of the unknown compounds were potentially toxic based on molecular weight matches to toxin databases. There are significant variations in contaminants and impurities between vaccine lots. Further targeted analysis is still needed to confirm the identity and toxicity of the unknown compounds detected.
STUDY OF MPS UNDER STRESSED CONDITIONS
This study is done to access the chemical stability of the candidate compound in the pharmaceuticals.
Usually, it is performed at the preliminary stage in the process of drug development. Forced degradation/ stress
testing is performed under accelerated environment. The experimental conditions cause the candidate compound
to degrade under extreme conditions like acid and base hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, photo-oxidation and
thermal stability to identify the resultant degradation products. This helps to establish degradation pathways and
thus intrinsic stability of a drug substance. The stability of product describes shelf life and storage conditions and
helps in the selection of appropriate formulations and their suitable packaging. This is compulsory for regulatory
documentation. The commonly used analytical approach for FDS is HPLC with UV and/ or MS but these
techniques consume a lot of time and not provide high resolution to confirm the precise detection of degradation
products. Use of UPLC with photodiode array and MS analysis supports the identification of degradation
products and also reduces the time needed to evolve stability indicating methods.
Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of Toxicology pharm 402
The document discusses quantitative and qualitative analysis of toxicology compounds. In the qualitative analysis, four compounds were extracted from rabbit serum at different pH levels using liquid-liquid extraction and GC/MS. Two compounds were extracted at basic pH and one at acidic pH, while one compound was not extracted. In the quantitative analysis, reverse phase HPLC was used to analyze malathion concentrations in water samples. Calibration curves were made using standards and an internal standard. The sample analysis found a higher concentration than expected due to loss of product, which was corrected using the internal standard data. Improper pipetting was identified as the source of error.
Moringa zeatin-antiaging
1) The study examined the effects of various cytokinins, cytokinin ribosides, and their analogs on the viability of normal and cancerous human cells.
2) Only a few compounds, including isopentenyladenosine (1a) and N6-benzyladenosine (3a), significantly impaired viability in most cell lines tested, including normal endothelial cells and various cancer cell lines.
3) Colon carcinoma LoVo cells were uniquely insensitive to all compounds tested and may serve as a model for studying cytokinin resistance.
Bioassay 112070804012
This document summarizes a seminar on bioassay of official drugs. It defines bioassay, describes the principles and importance of bioassay, and outlines common types including heparin sodium, oxytocin, streptokinase, and vitamin D. Limitations of bioassay are also noted. Methods for each drug are provided, including preparation of standards and testing solutions, procedures, and statistical analysis of results.
pha2.pdfo
This document describes experiments to study the effects of various drugs on isolated frog heart, blood pressure, and heart rate in dogs. The experiments involve setting up perfused frog heart preparations and measuring the chronotropic and inotropic effects of drugs. The effects of drugs are also studied on normal and calcium-depleted hypodynamic frog hearts. In addition, the effects of sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic drugs on mean blood pressure and heart rate are measured in anesthetized dogs using a cannulation technique.
Calculations
This document provides guidance on calculations for molecular biology and biochemistry. It discusses:
- Using appropriate units like microliters and micromolar instead of liters and molar when working with small volumes and dilute solutions.
- Strategies for calculations including converting between concentration and number of moles and working with dilutions.
- How to use molecular weights to convert between molarity and weight per volume units.
- Considerations for calculations like anhydrous vs hydrated compounds and working with liquid densities.
- The role of buffers in maintaining pH for biological reactions.
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The document describes the formulation and in vitro evaluation of a colon-specific drug delivery system containing metronidazole. Metronidazole tablets were prepared using different polymers like ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, and Eudragit polymers. The tablets were then coated with various polymer coating suspensions. The coated tablets were evaluated for film thickness, weight gain, hardness, disintegration time, and drug release. The results showed that the coating thickness and weight gain increased with increasing polymer concentration in the coating suspension. The coated tablets had suitable hardness and disintegration times while sustaining drug release in the acidic environment of the stomach.
Expt. 1 Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay
This document describes an experiment to determine the unknown concentration of serotonin using a three-point bioassay with an isolated rat fundus strip preparation. The experiment involves constructing dose-response curves for a serotonin standard and test sample, selecting doses that elicit submaximal responses in a 1:2 ratio, and determining the test concentration using the measured responses. Rat fundus tissue is sensitive to serotonin and contracts in a concentration-dependent manner when exposed to increasing doses of the drug. The experiment aims to precisely and reliably estimate the concentration of an unknown serotonin sample through this validated bioassay method.
Expt. 1 Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of serotonin stock solution
Preparation of Krebs solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
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More from José Cruz
Blog’s objectives
This blog aims to educate the public about recent technologies and discoveries through topics like biofuels, bioinformatics, calibration curves, DNA to protein translation, ELISA immunoassays, forensic DNA fingerprinting, microscopy, nanotechnology, bacterial transformation, and more. The knowledge shared on this blog presents solutions to diseases and their causes. In conclusion, these reports help increase understanding of current research and developments, making people more aware of what is happening today in ways that benefit everyone.
Blog’s objectives
This blog aims to educate the public about recent causes, effects, research, and discoveries related to new technologies and experimental laboratories. Some topics covered include biofuels, bioinformatics, calibration curves, DNA to protein translation, ELISA immunoassays, forensic DNA fingerprinting, microscopy techniques, nanotechnology, bacterial genetic alteration, and more. The knowledge shared through this blog is rewarding as it presents solutions to diseases and their causes. In conclusion, these reports help increase understanding of current research developments and raise awareness of modern advances.
Blog's Objetives
This blog aims to educate the public about recent causes, effects, research, and discoveries related to new technologies and experimental laboratories. Some topics covered include biofuels, bioinformatics, calibration curves, DNA to protein translation, ELISA immunoassays, forensic DNA fingerprinting, microscopy techniques, nanotechnology, bacterial genetic alteration, and more. The knowledge shared through this blog is rewarding as it presents solutions to diseases and their causes. In conclusion, these reports help increase understanding of current developments and research.
Objetives of this blog
This blog aims to educate the public about recent causes, effects, research, and discoveries related to new technologies and experimental laboratories. Some topics covered include biofuels, bioinformatics, calibration curves, DNA to protein translation, ELISA immunoassays, forensic DNA fingerprinting, microscopy techniques, nanotechnology, bacterial genetic alteration, and more. The knowledge shared through this blog is rewarding as it presents solutions to diseases and their causes. In conclusion, these reports help increase understanding of current developments and research.
Objetives of this blog
This blog aims to educate the public about recent causes, effects, research and discoveries related to new technologies and experimental laboratories. Some topics covered include biofuels, bioinformatics, calibration curves, DNA to protein translation, ELISA immunoassays, forensic DNA fingerprinting, microscopy techniques, nanotechnology, bacterial genetic alteration, and more. The knowledge shared through this blog is rewarding as it presents solutions to diseases and their causes. In conclusion, these reports help increase understanding of current research developments and raise awareness of modern advances.
Rise presentatio w ings
The document summarizes steps to observe and photograph a moth and fly under a microscope as part of a science experiment. It outlines preparing the microscope and computer program, placing the insects under the microscope at different magnifications to take photos, and provides brief details on the characteristics of moths and flies.
Biofuels
The document discusses an enzyme called cellobiase that breaks down cellulose. Cellobiase speeds up the reaction of breaking down cellobiose, a disaccharide made of two glucose molecules, into glucose. An experiment was conducted to determine the reaction rate of cellobiase breaking down cellobiose in the presence and absence of the enzyme over time. The results showed that more cellobiose was broken down, or absence increased, the longer the reaction was allowed to occur when cellobiase was present.
Biofuels
The document discusses an enzyme workshop about how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. It explains that enzymes have a specific shape that complements substrate molecules, and position substrates to make their bonds unstable and reactive. The laboratory studied the enzyme cellobiase, which breaks down cellobiose (a disaccharide of glucose) in the final step of breaking down cellulose. The experiment measured the reaction rate of cellobiase breaking down its substrate cellobiose at different time intervals, finding that more substrate was broken down as time increased, demonstrating the enzyme's ability to accelerate the reaction over time.
Elisa immuno
The student performed an ELISA technique in their laboratory class to simulate the spread of an infectious disease. The ELISA uses antibodies to detect disease agents in body fluids. In this simulation, the primary antibody was rabbit which recognized the chicken antigen, while the secondary antibody was goat which recognized the primary rabbit antibody. By testing sample #10 which came up positive, they determined that sample belonged to the person exposed to the contagious disease in the 5 minute incubation period.
Quality of water
The document summarizes a workshop about factors that affect water quality, including climate, rainfall, soil, forest coverage, agriculture, urban areas, and waste management. It describes how to properly take a water sample, transporting it to a lab in a sterilized bottle and refrigerating it. Finally, it discusses the workshop covering various water testing techniques, measurement scales, and using statistics and graphs in Excel to analyze water sample data.
P glo bacterial
The document summarizes a genetic transformation workshop where students learned how to transform bacteria by adding exogenous DNA. They used a plasmid containing the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) to transform bacterial colonies. The transformed bacteria were plated on selective media where only colonies containing the GFP plasmid would grow over the course of a week, demonstrating successful genetic transformation.
Nanotechnology
José Gerardo Cruz Rivera attended a workshop on nanotechnology given by Wilfredo Otaño. Nanotechnology involves manipulating physical systems that are 100nm or smaller, and provides advantages like increased surface area and reactivity. The lab produces hydroxyapatite coatings, a bone component, for coating implants to aid bone repair. Specialized machinery like sputtering deposition systems were observed, which can integrate elements onto substrates. In conclusion, nanotechnology is an important breakthrough and allows creation of very small fibers and specialized machines.
Microscopy and photomicrography
José Gerardo Cruz Rivera observed leaves under a dissecting microscope on January 28, 2011. He used the microscope to more closely examine leaves such as Maltese Cross, Lotus, and grass. Cruz turned on the microscope, placed the leaves on the base, added light, and observed the leaves on a computer program. Finally, he presented his findings which showed the different structures of the leaves' veins. The lab familiarized him with microscope operation and demonstrated the veins and structures of leaves.
Forensic dna fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting was invented in 1985 by Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester. It is a technique used to identify individuals by their unique DNA patterns rather than just species or traits. DNA fingerprinting can be used to determine paternity or maternity and identify criminals or victims. The process involves isolating DNA from samples like blood or hair, cutting the DNA into fragments using enzymes, and analyzing the fragment sizes to create a unique DNA profile for identification purposes.
Dna to protein
The workshop covered the process from DNA to protein. Students extracted their own DNA from mouth swabs and performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate DNA fragments. They ran the DNA samples through agarose gel electrophoresis to separate fragments by size. Students also analyzed protein samples using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The workshop discussed microbiology and allowed students to observe bacteria under microscopes with different lighting. It concluded by demonstrating how macrophages can eliminate bacterial infections.
Calibration curve
This document summarizes a lab experiment where a student created a calibration curve by diluting a substance to various volumes between 1-15ml and measuring the absorbance. The student pipetted the assigned amounts of diluted substance into flasks filled with deionized water to create solutions of different concentrations. Each sample was then analyzed in an absorbance machine, which automatically measured and recorded the absorbance. The student entered the molarity and absorbance measurements into an Excel spreadsheet, which graphed the calibration curve and showed the precision of the lab measurements. The calibration curve demonstrated that higher molarity solutions have greater absorbance.
Bioinformatics
The workshop taught students how to compare DNA sequences from different organisms using databases. Students found genetic codes from three species and compared their structures, finding that each had different DNA sequences but more similar sequences indicated closer species. They performed a blast to separate sequences for comparison, analyzing a monkey's DNA and identifying similarities across species through the database.
Protein electrophoresis of gfp
José Cruz Rivera summarized experiments conducted in Dr. Chiesa's laboratory to identify GFP using protein electrophoresis. Colonies from tubes were heated or left at room temperature before being added to gel electrophoresis plates. The solutions were too viscous to pipette into the plates, preventing most groups from completing the experiment. Only one group successfully completed the protocol and observed GFP in lane 9 of the gel under UV light.
Ecstasy presentation
This document discusses ecstasy (MDMA), including its synthesis in 1912, effects such as heightened closeness and tachycardia, side effects like confusion and depression, short-term effects such as nausea and sweating, symptoms of overdose like rapid heartbeat and panic attacks, and research showing MDMA-assisted psychotherapy can relieve treatment-resistant PTSD.
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The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
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DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
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Power Grid Model
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Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
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Determine the concentrations of manganese in a pill
- 1. Jose g. cruzrivera Cristina m. cruzirizarry Dr. resto Rise program Determine the concentrations of manganese in a pill
- 2. Introduction Analytical chemistry concentrates in the analysis of chemical components in materials. Manganese is essential in the development and maintenance of bones. Calculating the concentration of manganese in a pill called Arthu Z with 4mg of manganese.
- 3. Hypothesis When we calculate the concentration of manganese in the pill; we will find less concentration of the mineral when we compare it to the label of the package.
- 4. Procedure #1 Weight two pills and find the average weight. Find the percentage of manganese in a pill. 0.31% Crush and dilute 0.6 g of the pill with water in a beaker of 250.0 mL. Add 50.0 mL of HNO3 (Nitric Acid) to 3 aliquots and 0.25 g NaIO4 (Sodium Periodate) to only 2 of the aliquots. Heat the solutions.
- 6. Procedure #2 6 mL of KMnO4 (Potassium Permanganate) dilute in a 100.0 mL volumetric flask to make 8 aliquots of: 1, 3 ,5 , 7, 9,10, 12 and 15 mL. Using the spec-20 determine the transmittance of the 8 aliquots and the 3 other aliquots that contain the pill, then calculate the absorbance. Calculate the concentration of the 8 aliquots. After finding the transmittance of the 3 aliquots, we compared this to the transmittance of the 8 aliquots that we know the concentration.
- 8. Results We found 2.7 g of manganese(Mn) in the vitamin supplement pill.
- 9. Conclusion Our hypothesis was confirmed, the label says 4.0 mg of manganese, but we found 2.7 mg. Many pharmaceutical factories don’t analyze there products. Federal agencies should be more strict with the production of supplements.
- 10. References Silberberg, M.S.; “Chemistry, The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change”, 5ta ed.; McGraw Hill: New York, 2005. Nivaldo, J.; “Chemistry: A Molecular Approach”, 2nd ed.; Prentice Hall: Westmont College, 2008. Kotz, Treichel, Weaver; “Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity”, 6th ed.; Thomson Learning Inc., 2006.
Editor's Notes
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