The focus of current study is how PMO can help organizations to achieve business initiatives success. My focus will be on basic needs of empowered PMO i.e. Organization Culture, TOP management support and skilled team.
Here are the key points of the Omnipotent View vs Symbolic View of management:
- Omnipotent View: Managers are in full control and have the power, knowledge and skills to achieve organizational goals. Success or failure depends entirely on managerial actions.
- Symbolic View: Managers have limited control and influence. Their role is more symbolic - to motivate, inspire confidence and provide direction. Success depends more on external factors beyond managers' control.
In Mukim's Creation:
- Top managers (CEO, COO, Technical Advisor) tend to follow more of an omnipotent view - they see themselves as fully in control and responsible for the organization's success.
-
This document outlines the framework for NTUA's new leadership development program. The program aims to provide practical leadership training to NTUA employees at all levels through various pathways, including coaching, mentorship, and courses tailored for different roles. The goals are to offer development support to 95% of supervisors, achieve a 50% coaching rate, and offer training to all full-time employees. Stakeholders include employees at all levels who will have opportunities for advancement, as well as the training department responsible for program delivery. A timeline shows the development of past efforts and plans for the new comprehensive in-house program being created between April-October 2016.
Taking Lean one step further - Ms. Anne S. Trolie, senior adviser Division fo...Светла Иванова
Workshop on Human Resources
Management and Training:
Developing Capabilities for the future
Krakow, 7-9 September 2016
Taking Lean one step further
Ms. Anne S. Trolie, senior adviser
Division for Human Resources, Statistics Norway
This document provides an introduction and overview of a summer internship project on selection and recruitment conducted in partial fulfillment of an MBA program. It includes an acknowledgment, table of contents, introduction on the importance of recruitment and selection processes, objectives of the study, scope, methodology, limitations, and an introduction to the company where the internship took place - Eagle Vision Construction Company. The company introduction describes Eagle Vision's background, operations providing construction and logistical services in Kabul and Kandahar, and its plans to expand to other regions of Afghanistan.
This document summarizes a paper on training and development practices at NTPC Ltd in Ramagundam, India. It was prepared by Pranav N. Patel for his course on human resource management under the guidance of Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda. The summary includes:
1) An introduction to the paper discussing training and development, its importance for organizations and employees.
2) The objectives of the study which were to examine NTPC's training methods, employee perceptions, and performance before and after training.
3) An overview of the research methodology used including primary data collection through employee questionnaires and secondary data collection from company records.
4) Key findings that over half
LHH and HCI Study - Leaders Developing Leaders 2010 joycebrad507
The Human Capital Institute (HCI) and Lee Hecht Harrison (LHH) partnered to develop an original research report on the topic of “Leaders Developing Leaders,” a critical component of any leadership development strategy in today’s modern organizations, especially in light of the “Great Recession.” “Leaders Developing Leaders” refers to the strategy by which organizations leverage the use of seasoned leaders as in-house coaches and teachers. “Leaders Developing Leaders” programs are built on the theory that senior leaders are uniquely positioned to espouse and teach the leadership values and skills of organizations. In this vein, “Leaders Developing Leaders” is a leadership development program aimed at building the talent pipeline by compelling senior leaders to become the teachers, coaches, and/or mentors for the organization’s future leaders.
This document provides an executive summary, background on NTPC Ltd and the Indian power sector, objectives of the project report, methodology used, and results.
The objectives were to provide an optimal financial model for NTPC's capital budget and structure to meet 12th Five Year Plan targets, and analyze power policies in India and China to enhance India's capacity.
The methodology included primary and secondary data collection, exploratory and mathematical analysis using tools like capital budgeting and Excel, and recommending policies.
The results showed that India needs improvements in various areas like capacity addition, operations, funding, costs, regulations and distribution to meet targets sustainably while transitioning to alternative energy sources.
Ten Top Workforce Planning Practices that Leading Firms Use to Their Competit...David Moon
The document discusses 10 leading workforce planning practices used by top companies to gain a competitive advantage. It describes how the best companies view workforce planning as a core business process owned by business leaders rather than just an HR function. They establish centers of excellence to promote common WFP methods and tools. Process is emphasized over technology, and standard tools are balanced with flexibility. Workforce planning is kept agile to address emerging needs and continuously adapts to changing business conditions.
Here are the key points of the Omnipotent View vs Symbolic View of management:
- Omnipotent View: Managers are in full control and have the power, knowledge and skills to achieve organizational goals. Success or failure depends entirely on managerial actions.
- Symbolic View: Managers have limited control and influence. Their role is more symbolic - to motivate, inspire confidence and provide direction. Success depends more on external factors beyond managers' control.
In Mukim's Creation:
- Top managers (CEO, COO, Technical Advisor) tend to follow more of an omnipotent view - they see themselves as fully in control and responsible for the organization's success.
-
This document outlines the framework for NTUA's new leadership development program. The program aims to provide practical leadership training to NTUA employees at all levels through various pathways, including coaching, mentorship, and courses tailored for different roles. The goals are to offer development support to 95% of supervisors, achieve a 50% coaching rate, and offer training to all full-time employees. Stakeholders include employees at all levels who will have opportunities for advancement, as well as the training department responsible for program delivery. A timeline shows the development of past efforts and plans for the new comprehensive in-house program being created between April-October 2016.
Taking Lean one step further - Ms. Anne S. Trolie, senior adviser Division fo...Светла Иванова
Workshop on Human Resources
Management and Training:
Developing Capabilities for the future
Krakow, 7-9 September 2016
Taking Lean one step further
Ms. Anne S. Trolie, senior adviser
Division for Human Resources, Statistics Norway
This document provides an introduction and overview of a summer internship project on selection and recruitment conducted in partial fulfillment of an MBA program. It includes an acknowledgment, table of contents, introduction on the importance of recruitment and selection processes, objectives of the study, scope, methodology, limitations, and an introduction to the company where the internship took place - Eagle Vision Construction Company. The company introduction describes Eagle Vision's background, operations providing construction and logistical services in Kabul and Kandahar, and its plans to expand to other regions of Afghanistan.
This document summarizes a paper on training and development practices at NTPC Ltd in Ramagundam, India. It was prepared by Pranav N. Patel for his course on human resource management under the guidance of Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda. The summary includes:
1) An introduction to the paper discussing training and development, its importance for organizations and employees.
2) The objectives of the study which were to examine NTPC's training methods, employee perceptions, and performance before and after training.
3) An overview of the research methodology used including primary data collection through employee questionnaires and secondary data collection from company records.
4) Key findings that over half
LHH and HCI Study - Leaders Developing Leaders 2010 joycebrad507
The Human Capital Institute (HCI) and Lee Hecht Harrison (LHH) partnered to develop an original research report on the topic of “Leaders Developing Leaders,” a critical component of any leadership development strategy in today’s modern organizations, especially in light of the “Great Recession.” “Leaders Developing Leaders” refers to the strategy by which organizations leverage the use of seasoned leaders as in-house coaches and teachers. “Leaders Developing Leaders” programs are built on the theory that senior leaders are uniquely positioned to espouse and teach the leadership values and skills of organizations. In this vein, “Leaders Developing Leaders” is a leadership development program aimed at building the talent pipeline by compelling senior leaders to become the teachers, coaches, and/or mentors for the organization’s future leaders.
This document provides an executive summary, background on NTPC Ltd and the Indian power sector, objectives of the project report, methodology used, and results.
The objectives were to provide an optimal financial model for NTPC's capital budget and structure to meet 12th Five Year Plan targets, and analyze power policies in India and China to enhance India's capacity.
The methodology included primary and secondary data collection, exploratory and mathematical analysis using tools like capital budgeting and Excel, and recommending policies.
The results showed that India needs improvements in various areas like capacity addition, operations, funding, costs, regulations and distribution to meet targets sustainably while transitioning to alternative energy sources.
Ten Top Workforce Planning Practices that Leading Firms Use to Their Competit...David Moon
The document discusses 10 leading workforce planning practices used by top companies to gain a competitive advantage. It describes how the best companies view workforce planning as a core business process owned by business leaders rather than just an HR function. They establish centers of excellence to promote common WFP methods and tools. Process is emphasized over technology, and standard tools are balanced with flexibility. Workforce planning is kept agile to address emerging needs and continuously adapts to changing business conditions.
PepsiCo has implemented an integrated, evidence-based talent management system called LeAD to identify, develop, and coach talent throughout their careers. LeAD uses a leadership potential model and framework to assess employees' personality, cognitive abilities, learning agility, leadership skills, and more. It provides assessments and development at four career stages to help employees reach their potential. By taking this holistic, data-driven approach, PepsiCo aims to transform talent practices and develop leaders equipped to succeed in the future.
This document provides information about Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGENCO). It discusses power sector reforms in India that led to the establishment of APGENCO in 1998. The objectives of APGENCO are to efficiently and economically maintain the power sector in Andhra Pradesh and ensure demand meets supply. APGENCO operates and maintains power plants and undertakes new power projects and renovations. It has increased installed capacity over the years to meet growing energy demand in the state.
The Gamification of HR - why now and what's next?Saurav Chopra
Today, only 31.5% of employees are considered ‘engaged’. The viability of gamification as a solution to the lack of employee engagement in the workplace has been a topic of hot debate in 2016.
In my speech at our event, 'Perkbox Live: Work hard, play harder', I spoke of the growing prominence of gamification systems in HR, the reasons behind the new trends and where I see it going in the future. Notes from my speech are on our blog at blog.perkbox.co.uk.
How training affect to the employee's performanceDu Trang
This document discusses the importance of training on employee performance. It begins by introducing that improved employee capabilities through effective training programs can provide competitive advantage and help optimize employee potential. It then states that the research aims to study the relationship between training and employee performance, and to provide suggestions to improve performance through training. The document outlines the research problem, questions, objectives, hypothesis, scope, significance and methodology. It presents the organization of the research which includes an introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis and findings, conclusions and recommendations.
This document provides guidance on implementing a strategic plan in three phases:
1) Deployment: Completing the plan by assigning roles, establishing priorities, and involving mid-level managers.
2) Communication: Communicating the plan by assigning roles, constant communication, and helping people through change.
3) Implementation: Implementing the plan by assigning roles, defining infrastructure, linking goals, phasing actions, involving all, allocating resources, managing change, evaluating results, and sharing lessons.
This document is a project report submitted by Vibha Kattige to the University of Mumbai for their Masters of Management Studies degree. The report examines improving employee sense of belonging at Value Global IT Solutions in Chennai to reduce attrition. It includes an introduction, literature review on attrition and retention, profile of Value Global, research methodology, data analysis and findings. The findings provide suggestions to fulfill employee needs and aspirations, improve satisfaction, promote company brand image, make employees proud, and improve working conditions to increase retention.
Management Science (Group Assignment) - Semester 3Yee Len Wan
The document provides information about Precision Construction Sdn Bhd, including its vision, mission, organizational structure, and departments. It details the company's background, goals, culture and values. The organizational structure outlines the roles and responsibilities of key positions within project, engineering, purchasing, marketing, financial and HR departments. Job duties are described for positions like site engineer, quantity surveyor, project manager, and safety supervisor.
This document is Phillip Fuller's portfolio demonstrating achievement of institutional outcomes through successful completion of a Business Quality Management degree from Southwestern College. It outlines artifacts and reflections for each institutional outcome area, including critical thinking, ethical reasoning, leadership, communication, and career preparation. For critical thinking, Fuller reflects on how courses helped him look at situations from different perspectives and consider causes and effects before making decisions. He discusses using tools like flow charts to support critical thinking.
This document provides an overview of a study on the impact of motivation on employee job performance at Oman Air Company. It includes sections on the background, rationale, research questions and objectives, implications and limitations of the study. The literature review discusses theories of motivation like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. It also covers different evaluation methods and criteria. The document will analyze data collected from Oman Air employees through interviews to understand the relationship between motivation and job performance.
This document introduces the Delta P4 model for improving organizational performance. The model focuses on balancing four key elements: Planning, People, Processes, and using data to measure Performance. It is described that removing distractions in these areas allows an organization to focus on what's important. Specifically, the model emphasizes having a clear vision and strategy in Planning, properly engaging and enabling employees in People, developing efficient and usable processes in Processes, and using data to make evidence-based decisions and refine all areas to maximize Performance. Implementing changes in all four elements using this holistic model is said to help organizations reach their true potential.
The document provides a communication audit of Peperzaken, an app development company experiencing internal communication issues. It analyzes Peperzaken's background, structure, culture and communication flows. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in equality of employees and youth, but weaknesses in lack of creativity/innovation and gaps between departments. Recommendations will be provided to improve motivation, collaboration and communication.
Developing a model for corporate career building programme (ccbp) using hrm t...WriteKraft Dissertations
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
Information for financial advisers considering the High Performance Course from the Elite Professionals Programme.
For experienced NZ financial advisers wanting a quantum jump in business performance.
The document discusses emotional capability and the Emotional Capability Profile (ECP). The ECP is a tool used to provide feedback on an individual's emotional capabilities based on their self-assessment and perceptions of others. It measures capabilities across five components and 24 elements that are important for effectively managing emotions and relationships. The profile is used to help individuals and organizations develop these important skills and has been successfully used for leadership development, coaching, and measuring the impact of development programs.
The document outlines the design and implementation of a PM Academy within a large IT services organization. Key points:
- The PM Academy was designed to align with industry standards like PMBOK while blending with the organization's needs and culture. It aimed to sustainably enable PM competency development.
- Challenges included ensuring course alignment with the organization's relationship model, viewing coaches as long-term mentors rather than just trainers, and encouraging continuous learning.
- Adoption depended on stakeholders understanding individual benefits - for participants, career progression; for coaches, enhancing knowledge and networking.
- Building a collaborative PM community was a key strategy to encourage participation and continuous learning.
This document provides an overview of performance management in the ASEAN region in 2014. It includes interviews with 14 practitioners, academics and consultants from 6 ASEAN countries. It discusses trends in education, careers, software and resources related to performance management. Key topics covered include legislation around performance management in ASEAN countries, popular search keywords, bestselling books and articles on the topic, and software tools used for performance management and business intelligence.
Here are the key people in the organization:
- Shri Chetan Shah - Chairman (Non-Executive)
- Shri Rajnikant Pajwani - Whole Time Director & Chief Executive Officer
- Shri Ashok Kadakia - Non-Executive Independent Director
- Shri Abhilash Munsif - Non-Executive Independent Director
- Shri Harish Motiwalla - Non-Executive Independent Director
- A team of senior executives
Andy Rouse nasceu em 1965 no País de Gales e é um fotógrafo premiado conhecido por seus livros sobre fotografia, ecossistemas e espécies. Ele já ganhou 9 vezes o prêmio BBC Wildlife Photogragrapher of the year por seu trabalho capturando a beleza do mundo natural e usando a fotografia para inspirar apreciação pela natureza.
Participants will learn about a wide range of Guerilla Marketing tactics including implementing cause related marketing, launching gratitude campaigns, co-promoting, going “big” with a mini budget, becoming an award winning company, employing reverse marketing, challenging the competition to a dual, learning to think way outside the box, launching referral rockets, breaking bread and sales quotas, getting the press on your team, and staying connected to your herd.
PepsiCo has implemented an integrated, evidence-based talent management system called LeAD to identify, develop, and coach talent throughout their careers. LeAD uses a leadership potential model and framework to assess employees' personality, cognitive abilities, learning agility, leadership skills, and more. It provides assessments and development at four career stages to help employees reach their potential. By taking this holistic, data-driven approach, PepsiCo aims to transform talent practices and develop leaders equipped to succeed in the future.
This document provides information about Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGENCO). It discusses power sector reforms in India that led to the establishment of APGENCO in 1998. The objectives of APGENCO are to efficiently and economically maintain the power sector in Andhra Pradesh and ensure demand meets supply. APGENCO operates and maintains power plants and undertakes new power projects and renovations. It has increased installed capacity over the years to meet growing energy demand in the state.
The Gamification of HR - why now and what's next?Saurav Chopra
Today, only 31.5% of employees are considered ‘engaged’. The viability of gamification as a solution to the lack of employee engagement in the workplace has been a topic of hot debate in 2016.
In my speech at our event, 'Perkbox Live: Work hard, play harder', I spoke of the growing prominence of gamification systems in HR, the reasons behind the new trends and where I see it going in the future. Notes from my speech are on our blog at blog.perkbox.co.uk.
How training affect to the employee's performanceDu Trang
This document discusses the importance of training on employee performance. It begins by introducing that improved employee capabilities through effective training programs can provide competitive advantage and help optimize employee potential. It then states that the research aims to study the relationship between training and employee performance, and to provide suggestions to improve performance through training. The document outlines the research problem, questions, objectives, hypothesis, scope, significance and methodology. It presents the organization of the research which includes an introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis and findings, conclusions and recommendations.
This document provides guidance on implementing a strategic plan in three phases:
1) Deployment: Completing the plan by assigning roles, establishing priorities, and involving mid-level managers.
2) Communication: Communicating the plan by assigning roles, constant communication, and helping people through change.
3) Implementation: Implementing the plan by assigning roles, defining infrastructure, linking goals, phasing actions, involving all, allocating resources, managing change, evaluating results, and sharing lessons.
This document is a project report submitted by Vibha Kattige to the University of Mumbai for their Masters of Management Studies degree. The report examines improving employee sense of belonging at Value Global IT Solutions in Chennai to reduce attrition. It includes an introduction, literature review on attrition and retention, profile of Value Global, research methodology, data analysis and findings. The findings provide suggestions to fulfill employee needs and aspirations, improve satisfaction, promote company brand image, make employees proud, and improve working conditions to increase retention.
Management Science (Group Assignment) - Semester 3Yee Len Wan
The document provides information about Precision Construction Sdn Bhd, including its vision, mission, organizational structure, and departments. It details the company's background, goals, culture and values. The organizational structure outlines the roles and responsibilities of key positions within project, engineering, purchasing, marketing, financial and HR departments. Job duties are described for positions like site engineer, quantity surveyor, project manager, and safety supervisor.
This document is Phillip Fuller's portfolio demonstrating achievement of institutional outcomes through successful completion of a Business Quality Management degree from Southwestern College. It outlines artifacts and reflections for each institutional outcome area, including critical thinking, ethical reasoning, leadership, communication, and career preparation. For critical thinking, Fuller reflects on how courses helped him look at situations from different perspectives and consider causes and effects before making decisions. He discusses using tools like flow charts to support critical thinking.
This document provides an overview of a study on the impact of motivation on employee job performance at Oman Air Company. It includes sections on the background, rationale, research questions and objectives, implications and limitations of the study. The literature review discusses theories of motivation like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. It also covers different evaluation methods and criteria. The document will analyze data collected from Oman Air employees through interviews to understand the relationship between motivation and job performance.
This document introduces the Delta P4 model for improving organizational performance. The model focuses on balancing four key elements: Planning, People, Processes, and using data to measure Performance. It is described that removing distractions in these areas allows an organization to focus on what's important. Specifically, the model emphasizes having a clear vision and strategy in Planning, properly engaging and enabling employees in People, developing efficient and usable processes in Processes, and using data to make evidence-based decisions and refine all areas to maximize Performance. Implementing changes in all four elements using this holistic model is said to help organizations reach their true potential.
The document provides a communication audit of Peperzaken, an app development company experiencing internal communication issues. It analyzes Peperzaken's background, structure, culture and communication flows. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in equality of employees and youth, but weaknesses in lack of creativity/innovation and gaps between departments. Recommendations will be provided to improve motivation, collaboration and communication.
Developing a model for corporate career building programme (ccbp) using hrm t...WriteKraft Dissertations
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
Information for financial advisers considering the High Performance Course from the Elite Professionals Programme.
For experienced NZ financial advisers wanting a quantum jump in business performance.
The document discusses emotional capability and the Emotional Capability Profile (ECP). The ECP is a tool used to provide feedback on an individual's emotional capabilities based on their self-assessment and perceptions of others. It measures capabilities across five components and 24 elements that are important for effectively managing emotions and relationships. The profile is used to help individuals and organizations develop these important skills and has been successfully used for leadership development, coaching, and measuring the impact of development programs.
The document outlines the design and implementation of a PM Academy within a large IT services organization. Key points:
- The PM Academy was designed to align with industry standards like PMBOK while blending with the organization's needs and culture. It aimed to sustainably enable PM competency development.
- Challenges included ensuring course alignment with the organization's relationship model, viewing coaches as long-term mentors rather than just trainers, and encouraging continuous learning.
- Adoption depended on stakeholders understanding individual benefits - for participants, career progression; for coaches, enhancing knowledge and networking.
- Building a collaborative PM community was a key strategy to encourage participation and continuous learning.
This document provides an overview of performance management in the ASEAN region in 2014. It includes interviews with 14 practitioners, academics and consultants from 6 ASEAN countries. It discusses trends in education, careers, software and resources related to performance management. Key topics covered include legislation around performance management in ASEAN countries, popular search keywords, bestselling books and articles on the topic, and software tools used for performance management and business intelligence.
Here are the key people in the organization:
- Shri Chetan Shah - Chairman (Non-Executive)
- Shri Rajnikant Pajwani - Whole Time Director & Chief Executive Officer
- Shri Ashok Kadakia - Non-Executive Independent Director
- Shri Abhilash Munsif - Non-Executive Independent Director
- Shri Harish Motiwalla - Non-Executive Independent Director
- A team of senior executives
Andy Rouse nasceu em 1965 no País de Gales e é um fotógrafo premiado conhecido por seus livros sobre fotografia, ecossistemas e espécies. Ele já ganhou 9 vezes o prêmio BBC Wildlife Photogragrapher of the year por seu trabalho capturando a beleza do mundo natural e usando a fotografia para inspirar apreciação pela natureza.
Participants will learn about a wide range of Guerilla Marketing tactics including implementing cause related marketing, launching gratitude campaigns, co-promoting, going “big” with a mini budget, becoming an award winning company, employing reverse marketing, challenging the competition to a dual, learning to think way outside the box, launching referral rockets, breaking bread and sales quotas, getting the press on your team, and staying connected to your herd.
Kim and Mario Were born in two different countries: Australia and Austria. These two worlds join in them is holding hands and getting married in Vienna .
Know more: http://www.birtaphoto.com/wedding/
Wedding Photography needs a lot of experience and proficiency but it does not mean harm one who is new in the field photography can not do this proficiently. It is not true hurt all works result in perfection, yet When It comes to photography it is an exception.
View more: http://www.birtaphoto.com/wedding/
3 Critical Steps to Project Management Office (PMO) DevelopmentGravesSE
Implementers know that before you make final decisions, you examine the current state and optimize it whenever possible before overlaying new process or new technology. Launching a PMO is no different. This presentation covers three important steps to position and balance your organization during PMO implementation.
The document describes how Dignity Health established an Enterprise Project Management Office (EPMO) focused on business operations and strategic initiatives. Some key points:
- The EPMO was launched in less than 3 months to guide large operational projects across Dignity Health's 21-state health system.
- It has a dual reporting structure to senior leadership and focuses on governance, portfolio management, and process standardization.
- The EPMO works closely with Dignity Health's existing IT PMO to coordinate projects. It utilizes a flexible governance model and intake process to take on strategic initiatives.
- The EPMO aims to deliver projects that improve operations and empower staff through a collaborative culture and application of lean
1.Why is RTI an important tool for teachers2.How is R.docxdurantheseldine
1.Why is RTI an important tool for teachers?
2.How is RTI related to special teachers?
3.What are the benefits of RTI ?
4.Does the school provide a written intervention plan?
The Center on RTI
Links to an external site. is a national leader in supporting the successful implementation and scale-up of RTI and its components.
This is the
chapter to readDownload chapter to read
Reference: Salvia, J., Ysseldyke, J. E., & Witmer, S. (2017). Assessment in special and inclusive education, (13th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Reference: Brown, J., Skow, K., & the IRIS Center. (2009). RTI: Progress monitoring. Retrieved from
http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/wp-content/uploads/pdf_case_studies/ics_rtipm.pdf
Read
RTI Progress Monitoring (Brown, Skow, & IRIS Center, 2009).Download RTI Progress Monitoring (Brown, Skow, & IRIS Center, 2009).
The RTI Action Network
Links to an external site. is dedicated to the effective implementation of Response to Intervention (RTI) in school districts nationwide. Our goal is to guide educators and families in the large-scale implementation of RTI so that each child has access to quality instruction and that struggling students – including those with learning and attention issues – are identified early and receive the necessary supports to be successful.
The PROJECT PERFECT White Paper Collection
02/04/09 www.projectperfect.com.au Page 1 of 7
Project Management Office
External Affairs Strategy
Eric Tse
Abstract
This paper discusses the external affairs of Project Management Offices instead of
focusing on the internals. The article was initiated by the “AtekPC Project
Management Office” [1], Most of the obstacles to establishing a PMO are beyond the
CIO and PMO Manager’s control. There are external factors within the enterprise
that will hinder progress of a PMO implementation.
We are going to take a PMO as a black box, and focus on how the PMO/Program
Manager can manage external relations from diplomatic, marketing, public relations,
international relations, corporate culture and political perspectives. This involves
cooperation between the PMO and other entities in or outside the enterprise, to
facilitate a successfully organizational integration.
Introduction
By reading the case studies in the “AtekPC Project Management Office” [1], we see a
lot of headaches for the CIO when implementation a PMO in the enterprise.
Regardless of the technical challenges during the implementation, the core of the
problems seems to be that the PMO is lacking organization support, from the top to
the bottom. There is not enough executive stakeholder support; there is no visibility
of the program; there is a conflict of interests within departments; people are reluctant
to change the ways they have been doing things. This paper is going to provide some
high level suggestions to i.
The document discusses implementing a Project Management Office (PMO) at Regus, a multinational flexible office space provider. It begins with defining a PMO and outlining their common functions. It then analyzes Regus' current project practices, finding issues like a lack of oversight and unclear roles. To address this, the document proposes establishing a collaborative PMO to standardize processes, select projects strategically, and provide visibility into the project portfolio. It describes customizing the PMO approach based on feedback from cross-functional workgroups to best suit Regus' needs. The conclusion evaluates early impacts of the new PMO and considers next steps to continue maturing the approach.
The document provides guidance on setting up a new Project Management Office (PMO) within an organization. It recommends starting simply by taking 2-3 experienced project managers and establishing some basic standards and templates for project documentation, reporting, and management. Key activities for the new PMO include providing training and support to project managers, tracking project metrics and results, and continually improving project management processes. Examples of a PMO charter, project definition template, and post-mortem template are included in an appendix.
This document provides a report on the functions of management at Dorjibari, a fashion house in Bangladesh. It begins with an introduction to management and its key functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It then provides details on Dorjibari, including its history, vision, products, organizational structure, and production process. The report analyzes Dorjibari's external environment and industry. It describes the company's planning, HR structure, quality assurance, and facilities. The methodology, SWOT analysis, findings, and recommendations are presented to fulfill the requirements for an academic course on principles of management.
To build a strategic PMO, focus on cultural change through speed and patience, leadership from the bottom up, enterprise-wide systems, knowledge management, and open communication. Establish processes and standards while allowing flexibility. View projects through a systems perspective across the organization. Continuous learning and process improvement are needed over several years to fully mature the PMO and achieve project management excellence.
Coca cola swot and pest analysis in planning.3Henshel_Wambua
This document provides a research paper on the strategic planning of Coca Cola Enterprises Inc. It includes an introduction outlining Coca Cola's products and markets. It then presents a SWOT and PEST analysis of the company. The SWOT analysis finds that competent managers, product quality, and geographical expansion have supported strategic planning, while a large workforce and resistance to change pose challenges. The PEST analysis examines factors like support from stakeholders, managers, organizational interests, and product value that favor strategic planning. However, an undiversified product portfolio is also noted.
This document discusses different types of project organization structures. It describes pure project organization, where the project is separated from the parent organization into its own self-contained unit with dedicated resources and staff. Pure project organization works well for organizations with fewer, longer-term projects, as it allows the project manager significant control over resources. The document also discusses functional, project-oriented, matrix, virtual, and democratic organizational structures.
This document discusses the benefits of establishing a Project Management Office (PMO) to increase efficiency, savings, and strategic alignment within an organization. It outlines key roles for a PMO, including an executive sponsor, PMO leader, program managers, project managers, and administrators. Establishing clear communication of project status and metrics is important for a PMO's success. A PMO can help organizations convert their strategic visions into actionable project plans and prioritize projects that further their strategic goals.
3 Critical Steps to Project Management Office (PMO) DevelopmentGravesSE
This document discusses 3 critical steps for organizations to take when developing a Project Management Office (PMO):
1. Teach project management principles, methods, and practices to all professionals to merge "the business" with "the project."
2. Build a project management structure and enable connections to integrate the organization. This includes using tools like a project portfolio to identify overlaps and gaps.
3. Be introspective by asking questions about the current state like execution practices, accountability, team formation, and project management maturity. Understanding these areas is important for positioning the organization for a PMO.
The document emphasizes that a PMO alone does not define project management - the organization's culture and practices must support it
To build a strategic PMO, an organization needs to focus on cultural change through several key areas over time, including gaining speed in achieving objectives while also having patience as full deployment may take years. The PMO should start small with individual departmental projects before expanding enterprise-wide. All levels from project teams to executives must be engaged. Continuous learning and improving processes are also important. Ultimately, a strategic PMO helps manage projects and link them to corporate strategy through portfolio management.
The document summarizes an interview with Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez, the Director of Program Management Office at GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. Some of the biggest challenges facing program managers include overcoming a lack of understanding about the value of program management from executive teams and perceptions that anyone can fulfill the program manager role. Global trends will increase the need for collaboration across international and cultural divides. When creating a PMO, it is important to get executive buy-in, recruit from multiple departments to broaden skills, and implement standardized processes while allowing flexibility. Transitioning to program management requires strong business and communication skills in addition to project management skills.
The 5 Critical Elements to Creating a Project Management Center of ExcellenceFlevy.com Best Practices
Original article from the Flevy business blog can be found here:
http://flevy.com/blog/the-5-critical-elements-to-creating-a-project-management-centre-of-excellence/
Creating a Project Management Centre of Excellence is the driving force that takes an organization forward to realize their project management mandate. It encompasses the process of creating a strategy for project management, re-shaping the culture to be more focused on the consistency in the management of projects and implementing a project management process.
Creating a Project Management Centre of Excellence
project_management_COEA Centre of Excellence is a business unit that has organization-wide authority. The key elements of a successful Project Management Centre of Excellence include:
Vision and Strategies
A clear vision of what it represents and the strategies to identify how it will reach this vision in the short and long term.
Competencies
The selection of resources based on project competency requirements compared to actual project resource competencies. The identification of coaching, training and other developmental activities to close any competency gap.
Culture
How to re-shape the organizational culture to be more supportive of the consistency in the management of projects.
Processes
The right processes, tools and templates that are helpful and meaningful to project managers and their teams.
Quality
The quality criteria for the project management framework, processes and documents.
1. Create the Vision and Strategies
One approach to creating a vision for the Centre of Excellence is to brainstorm ideas that focus on what the future will look like. Start by creating scenarios that describe what the Centre will be doing 5 years into the future. What are some of the things that they will be doing that reflect a successful Centre of Excellence? What will employees and customers be saying about them? How did they get there?
The outcome of this process is the creation of a vision statement for the Project Management Centre of Excellence. Determine how this vision aligns and supports the organization’s strategic direction.
The alignment of the Centre of Excellence to the goals of the organization is key to driving strategy implementation. Strategies translate this vision into reality. They close the gap between the present and the “ideal” future described in the vision scenarios. These strategies must be described clearly so that the organization understands and accepts them.
C H A P T E R 3Organizational Capability Structure,Cultur.docxclairbycraft
C H A P T E R 3
Organizational Capability: Structure,
Culture, and Roles
Over the last 15 years, my company (Atos Origin) has been through three
significant mergers/acquisitions and has seen good growth. As new lines
of businesses and employees have been added, we have become truly a
global company, where people from many countries where our businesses
operate come together to present the best solution to our clients. An
excellent example is the work we do for the Olympics games (Atos Origin
has been the worldwide IT partner for the Olympics for several years).
The overall project life cycle for most of the projects in the company
follows the typical IT project management approach. What has evolved over
time is the use of employees from different regions of the world to service a
client need. For instance, we have onsite operations for a client in the United
States and in Europe. The development and testing work is done offshore in
India. The onsite team members are primarily the program manager, project
managers (who deal with the client), business analysts, and technical
Jo
n
Fe
in
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on
ic
a/
G
et
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es
C H A P T E R
O B J E C T I V E S
After completing this
chapter, you should be
able to:
• Compare and contrast
the advantages and
disadvantages of the
functional, project,
strong matrix, balanced
matrix, and weak matrix
methods of organization;
describe how each
operates and when to
use each.
• Describe organizational
culture elements that are
helpful in planning and
managing projects and
describe how to
overcome organizational
culture elements that
hinder project success.
• Describe different
project life cycle models
and tell when each is
appropriate.
• Describe the duties,
motivations, and
challenges of each of the
executive, managerial,
and team roles in
projects and list
important attributes for
selecting each.
52
architects. The offshore team members include designers, developers, and
testers. There are also project managers who lead the team in India and
interact with their onsite counterpart on a regular basis.
The entire operation is managed through a program management office
(PMO) that is responsible for identifying, prioritizing, and ensuring delivery
of all the projects. It is a matrix structure where the team members report
into the PMO as well as their functional heads in their countries. The PMO
has its own culture of hard work, striving toward goals in a step-by-step
manner, and promoting team spirit. It fits right into our overall organization
culture of getting things done for the client, promoting innovation and
conviviality, and never compromising on ethical behavior.
I have observed that adaptability and empathy are helpful strengths for
project managers in this environment. Adaptability because the different
locations bring with them a set of challenges, including the ability to hold
the global team together. Empathy is extremely useful as well. Although
the project manager may not agree.
This document provides a summary of useful sources of information on change management compiled by Melanie Franklin. It outlines four key areas: (1) the importance of effective project management in change initiatives, (2) identifying return on investment from change management activities, (3) the need for organizations to build internal capability for change, and (4) how strategic execution relies on effective change management. The sources highlighted provide guidance on developing change strategies and measuring their success.
As companies grow, they need to organize and manage an increasingly wide array of special projects. Over time, they have accomplished this by setting up Project Management Offices (PMOs) and charging them with making sure projects are successful in driving improvements and implementing change within the organization. Today, PMOs are commonplace at all levels of the enterprise. But, as the pace of change continues to accelerate, some struggle to keep up.
- See more at: http://isg-one.com/related-case-studies-detail/how-does-the-project-management-office-keep-up#sthash.QI8rkXSV.dpuf
Sample Assignment on Leadership & Management DevelopmentAdam Jackson
The document discusses leadership and management development (LMD) issues in two merging research organizations. It identifies key issues like demotivated managers and a lack of effective leaders. After the merger, communication issues may arise due to different cultures and backgrounds of the combined 1400 employees. The new company, Restec, aims to focus on developing a unified culture, professional management, and international leadership to achieve strategic goals. Approaches to LMD include power and role-based cultures, democratic leadership style, and a functional structure to enhance skills. Ethical considerations for planning include respecting trade unions and avoiding discrimination.
A Deeper Introduction to PMO – Project Management Office.pdfDAHRAOUI Med Riad
The document discusses the functions and benefits of a Project Management Office (PMO). A PMO defines project management standards for an organization and ensures projects are completed consistently and effectively. Key functions of a PMO include governance, transparency, reuse of best practices, delivery support, and traceability. On a daily basis, PMOs gather data, develop standards, train teams, manage dependencies, track benefits, and report finances. Establishing a PMO provides benefits such as reduced costs, leveraged organizational knowledge, common reporting frameworks, and incorporation of lessons learned across projects.
Similar to Determinants of pmo and its impact on success of strategic initiatives (20)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Determinants of pmo and its impact on success of strategic initiatives
1. 1
DETERMINANTS OF PMO AND ITS IMPACT ON SUCCESS OF
STRATEGIC INITIATIVES
INDEPENDENT STUDIES - 1
ZILL -E- HUMA
1467156
MS-PM
SUPERVISOR
SIR FAROOQ RASHID
2. 2
ABSTRACT
Project Management is getting more difficult when there are multiple overlapping projects with
limited resources, resulting in need empowered PMO to enhance governance controls in order to
achieve success of Strategic Initiatives. With these rapid changes in technology and
globalization, Organizations are experiencing continuous evolution to stay in business which
ultimately leads to projects to meet targets. Old Management ideology and Operations
Management frameworks can’t address these challenges because it keeps changes on daily basis.
In order to respond to these changes effectively and efficiently project management frameworks
are there to facilitate. That is the reason, organizations are now establishing PMO to meet these
challenges and achieve business initiatives success. However establishing just PMO without
skilled team and TOP management support is not enough solution to problems. PMO should be
compromised of team with skilled and well versed in project management resources, which
understand and have capacity to adopt modern project management best practices and
framework. Furthermore it should have TOP management support to operate in such a way that it
adds value. The focus of current study is how PMO can help organizations to achieve business
initiatives success. My focus will be on basic needs of empowered PMO i.e. Organization
Culture, TOP management support and skilled team. Although there are other needs of PMO
which are required for fully functional PMO but my research will only be focused on these
needs. If PMO is empowered then it can definitely help organization in all aspects. In this
research how empowered PMO can help organizations to achieved targets and ultimately lead to
success of business initiatives. Six hypotheses were developed to check the Impact of
independent variable and mediator on dependent variables. Results shows that the organizational
culture, skilled PMO leaders and top management support has a strong impact in achievement of
strategic Initiative success and PMO plays mediating role. Although modern project management
frameworks are being adopted in developed countries and they are getting benefit out of it. But
in developing countries, companies are still not in race. So the circumstances in developed
countries and developing countries are different. My research will explore the developing
countries prospect and I am conducting this research in Pakistan, which will also identify the gap
b/w theory and reality in developing countries.
3. 3
Acknowledgement
First of all, thanks ALLAH ALMIGHTY for his mercy and guidance in giving me full strength
to complete this Report. Many thank to my colleague M. Faheem and Sir Farooq Rashid my
supervisors for their guidance, support and advice at every step.
I am especially grateful to my family for always supporting me. In particular, I am grateful to my
father and mother.
I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to the people who supported me and provide the necessary
encouragement to see the research to the end.
4. 4
Contents
CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.2. Gap Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 7
1.3. Problem Statement ............................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Objectives of Study............................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Significance of Study ............................................................................................................ 9
1.6 Research Questions:.............................................................................................................. 9
1.7. Delimitations of study:......................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER – 2 .............................................................................................................................. 10
LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 10
CHAPTER – 3 .............................................................................................................................. 28
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS............................................................. 28
3.1. Theoretical Framework ...................................................................................................... 28
3.1.1. Variables 28
3.2. Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................... 28
3.3. MODEL 29
CHAPTER -4................................................................................................................................ 31
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................. 31
4.1. Sample Selection................................................................................................................ 31
4.2. Population Frame ............................................................................................................... 31
4.3. Sampling Technique........................................................................................................... 31
4.4. Type of Study..................................................................................................................... 31
4.5. Data Collection Strategy .................................................................................................... 32
4.6. Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 32
6. 6
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
As organization started to identify that their business initiatives are effectively achieved through
projects so the importance of Project Management as a significant competency come into sight.
By realizing its importance, organizational project office has been established which is also
known as PMO developed to maintain organizational project management competency stated in
1990 and continue as area of interest for both researchers and practitioners . ( Hill,2004;
Crawford,200; Aubry & Hobbs, 2007).
The Project Management Institute (PMI) has reveal its interest in the emerging functional group
(the release of OPM3 in 2003). From the organizational point of view using project management
office is valuable to the organization (Lullen & Sylvia,1999 ).
Many organizations reveal their interest in establishing Project Management Office in order to
support and manage different project related to Information system/ Information technology.
PMO is an organizational entity with full time personnel that provide wide range of functions
from project designing , administrative, training, consulting, technical, and maintain project
events to select strategically and beginning of projects to align project with organizational
visions and objectives (Kerzner, 2009; Project Management Institute, (PMI), 2008).
A well built PMO focus on two main area of improvement to the organization. It helps
organization in opt right project to deliver and also helps organization to deliver the project
appropriately. Project management success is not only to get the outcome on schedule and within
budget it should also sync with organizational strategy otherwise it’s of not use it is just wasting
resources, money. (Greg Wood).
7. 7
Organizations must strike the right strategic response— and they must do it quickly. PMO
represent for organization .It guides the project safely (minimizing the risk) and quickly to their
destination.
Strategic initiatives is a way through which organizational vision is translated into practice. It’s a
collection of finite duration discretionary projects and programs, outside of organization day to
day activity that are established to help organization to achieve its target performance.
PMO should not only focus on scope, budget and schedule, it should also consider how to deliver
the project and service within time and satisfaction of customer is most important.
PMO has evolved as a concept and it is very significant body and it has been evolved in early
days in US Air Cops; later, the US Air force used PMO to help in examining and controlling
development of aircraft projects during World War 2 and Cold War times (Benson, 1997).
Currently, PMO has well established concept in organization but to attain PMO success is hard.
75% of PMOs in Information Systems and Technology domain closed within 3 years of
formation. Presently there is no defined standard or model to identify the structure, steps, or
outline of PMO formation exist. (Desouza & Evaristo, 2006; Dai & wells, 2004; Hill, 2004;
Aubry & Hobbs, 2007; Thomas & Hurt, 2009; Kerzner, 2003; Martin et al, 2007).
1.2. Gap Analysis
PMI has issued several papers aimed at elevating the discussion of role PMO in enabling
successful implementation of strategic initiatives, however those research papers covers the
organizations based in well developed countries. The circumstances culture & maturity is much
different among organizations based in Developed and developing countries. So most of
discussions/research is totally based on ideal conditions and real time problems and differences
are still not explored with respect to developing countries.
8. 8
1.3. Problem Statement
The motivation of this study is PMO in Pakistan does not has the value what it actually deserves
and projects in Pakistan usually fail due to wrong choice of project manager, unsupportive top
management and cultural issues that are basically needs of PMO in any organization that
empowered PMO to achieve the strategic/business initiative of organization by prioritization of
the projects, proper working on business plan or feasibility, on time and within budget
completion of projects, proper documentation and training guidance, provide right piece of
information to right people and by aligning project goals with organization strategic goal.
So in this research we are going to study that how the needs of PMO (Organizational Culture,
Skilled PMO leaders and Top Management Support will impact, help and empowered PMO in
achievement of strategic initiatives. What challenges PMO has to face in organization and how
when these needs empower PMO then PMO plays a mediating role in achievement of strategic
goals of an organization. Focus of our study will be also on these differences and problems, to
address real concerns pertaining to organizations based in Pakistan.
1.4 Objectives of Study
The research objectives are:
1. To measure the impact of PMO in achievement of strategic targets/goals
2. To identify the challenges being faced by PMO in organization.
3. To study the tools & techniques of PMO which ensure prioritizations of projects and
perfect use of organizations assets in projects.
9. 9
1.5 Significance of Study
Focus of study is to identify the factors which may help PMO to achieve strategic initiatives or
goals. PMO is not just responsible to delivers the projects well on time and within budget, PMO
is also responsible to deliver the projects when it’s required and manage the priorities of different
projects. Companies fail to achieve strategic targets, one of main reason is implementation.
“Implementation is more important than strategy formulation”, (Prof L.Hrebiniak). However
Effective PMO can help organizations to achieve their strategic targets and goals. In this study
we will explore those factors and their impact.
1.6 Research Questions:
1. What are the factors which help PMO to achieve strategic targets/goal?
2. What are needs of PMO to ensure implementation of strategic initiatives?
1.7. Delimitations of study:
Due to time constraints, study will complete in almost 04 months. Demographically, it will only
cover project based organizations in twin cities Rawalpindi/ Islamabad.
10. 10
CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Two things are very certain for many organizations today: greater uncertainty and accelerated
rapidity of change. With increase globalization the scope of competition and Digitization
accelerated the pace of business.
A too speedy economy hasty growth in rising market and slowing growth in developed markets
means that companies perform in extremely multifaceted world. In this situation the skill to
develop and execute the strategic initiatives and changes gear rapidly is becoming a key
differentiator.
As many senior executives know and they dedicate their important consideration and center of
attention is in developing those strategic initiatives and many companies still effectively
executing those initiatives but the issue is shortcoming on leadership that is mostly linked with
unproductive commitment.
Many senior executives have difficulty in acquiring information they require when they have that
information in order to make necessary adjustment and course correction in today business are
significant to make certain that large strategic initiatives will bring up their aim.
Project management especially at organizational level is growing trend of contribution of
projects to make strategic goal realization. Project management is basically requiring continuous
change and its main focus is to deliver timely results on regular basis. So according to Field and
Keller in 1998 organizations that drive projects is growing on basis that effective change of
execution is a basis of competitive advantage.
Project Management is becoming so important that there is need to combine it with company
remuneration system, and company gratitude of project management that is necessary to
maximize performance. There is need of environment that is supportive or culture in which
11. 11
project staff and project operate effectively. If it does not so there is chances even best qualified
and highly motivated employees will become ineffective and disheartened if organization don’t
provide facilitative infrastructure environment to deliver project successfully (Turner &
Kernzner, 2003).
Project management office has evolved with focus of people, process, tools and technology
where by projects efforts are controlled supported and monitored within organization. Many
organizations pursuing purposely growth of project ability have done by taking in account all
important actions related to management of project under PMO direction.
According to research of Gartner Group in North America 40 percent of organizations have
executed some of PMO to professionalize management of project (Light & Breg, 2000).
PMO is becoming more important in business hierarchy and taking on new assignment and
accountability for sustaining project management and vigorously support business strategic
planning and execution (Kerzner, 2003).
Many organizations nowadays realize with ongoing challenge there is need of greater PMO
discipline. For many organizations it’s completely utilization of undertaking administration
capacity forms, and administration structure by actualizing undertaking project management
office.
PMO is basically to help both project manager and the relevant organizations to not only apply
the up to date project management practices but also to become adapted and incorporate business
interest into organization’s project performance efforts.
In past Individual capacities in undertaking administration have been fortify and developed
through a blend of improvements in venture administration procedure and systems, the execution
of preparing projects, and robotized instruments that utilization propelled outline ideas and
innovation. As of now numerous associations consequently execute hierarchical substance
Project Administration Office (PMO) to accomplish venture administration oversight, control,
support furthermore, arrangement .(Gerard.M.Hill, 2004).
12. 12
There are generally five stages of PMO that shows progression and advance functions that helps
PMO to meet up project management needs and help to achieve the strategic objective of
organizations. (Gerard M.Hill, 2004).
PROJECT OFFICE PMO is a unit of project management, as a space for undertaking
supervisor who is reliable deliver project successfully. It’s basically function is to implement and
shows excellence in project by implementing practices and principles in each project. Only
single project manager has an authority to control the activities and action of project. It does not
has any program level authority .The function of project office is to implement only those
policies or guidance that is assigned by the high authority.
The BASIC PMO deals with multiple projects and controls multiple project performance; it’s
also called program office that is domain for program manager. The function of basic PMO is
basically establishing standards that how project management will be conducted in organization.
What methodology, tools &techniques process would be implemented, helps in evaluating the
project progress, , train project teams and analyze performance of project manager, train project
teams and make sure that organization objectives has been achieved.
The STANDARD PMO is a hub of complete PMO capability. It supports to boost up both
individual and project performance. It deals or controls multiple projects and project managers. It
basically function is to execute venture administration center business competency and enhances
competency of task administration and enhance its maturity. It basically act as a interface
between project environment and business environment and provide policies, guidance to
perform project and also provide methodologies, practices for success of project provide tools for
project reporting to senior executive to get their support it also involve in activities like training
, resource assignment evaluation and qualification.
The Advanced PMO is basically to integrate project management in to business objective.
13. 13
It develops practices that are executed in both project and business. It perform the function of
developing budget if not prepared before in order to develop and execute practices of project
management and integrate business activities. Develop process and practices that is utilized in
both business and project management. Provide practices and procedures and senior management
dedicate their skills and knowledge to implement such function like audits of projects, mentoring
service and if project will get fail how to recover it. They run and supervise project results in
terms of business presentation.
The Center of Excellence is a separated unit in organization and responsible to operate project
management. There is supervisory in charge of center of excellence and he will report to top
management in an organization. It performs functions like providing power and direction to
operations of project management. Supervise subordinate PMO usefulness where pertinent
association has built other PMO operations with respect to its global, national, or other extended
topographical business center. Build customer and vendor relationship, develop both awareness
and representation of project management and stakeholder across business unit and represent the
business enthusiasm of association in task administration environment..
The trend to implement PMO is spreading so fast because it provide structure that needed to both
standardize project management practices and assist project management portfolio and also
determine methodologies for repeatable processes and complete more task within time and
budget with fewer resources (Megan Santosus,2003).
The main reasons to establish PMO is improving project success rate and to implement standard
practices. PMO is basically strategic entity that is in employment at corporate level means it set
project standard across the enterprise and it must be supported by top management (Megan
Santosus, 2003).
PMO provide guidance/direction to project managers in business unit. Establish and implement
consistent and standardized processes. Conduct trainings programs and manage centralized
office from where project managers are loaned out to work on projects. Direct employees about
14. 14
best practices. Maintain project management tools and develop a staff of program managers who
can manage multiple projects and allocate resources (Curtis Cook, 2003).
PMO is basically to deliver projects with more consistency and efficiency. PMO depends on
three metrics to determine its effectiveness: the cost estimate accuracy, the schedule estimate
accuracy and satisfaction of project stakeholders (Jim Smith, 2002).
PMO take the responsibility of resource allocation that improves the employee productivity.
Having oversight to all personnel and projects PMO can assign the best to prioritize projects and
that keep them focused on the projects (Darrel Raynor, 2002).
Multitasking does not work on different project. Productivity reduces every time when employee
switched from one task to another. PMO eliminate this multiple assignment and boost
productivity by ensuring that priority projects should get more attention by allocating majority of
resources to highest priority projects. (Ferrarell, 2003).
PMO responsibilities widely range from project management best practices to conduct formal
portfolio management reviews. PMO track and coordinate both projects and services. PMO does
not need road map to follow or benchmark or metric against which to measure. Effective PMO
harvest improvement over time and constantly force the department to improve performance.
(Diaz, 2003).
PMO helps in delivering projects within time and budget, reduced failed projects, improve
project productivity and increase saving of cost. PMO value reduced when PMO in an
organization not complete and deliver projects within defined objectives ranges from time,
budget and deliverables. One of the main reasons is not communicating results of PMO to top
management (PMI’s Pulse of Profession Survey, PMI, 2012).
PMO has also faced many challenges like lack of defined project management methodology. If
well defined methodology and standard not implemented within PMO then it’s a major
15. 15
contributor to the failure of PMO because it results in inconsistency in managing and controlling
projects.
If not properly tracking project resources working hours that would be a challenge for PMO
specially in matrix project organization because it results in not properly identify true capacity of
resources working on projects that results in failure in meeting project estimated schedule and
cost.
There is need of constant support of top management to empower PMO to make decision. The
executive support should exhibit at initiation phased and throughout lifecycle. Resource
contention is also a great challenge for PMO. Project prioritization is also a great challenge for
PMO if not prioritize then it leads to not delivering of projects as planned because it handle
different projects simultaneously.
PMO should implement processes that are flexible especially at the initiation of PMO
implementation. It’s very necessary to adapt change and adopt project management processes
and absorb any resistance of new PMO it results proper alignment and collaboration among
organizations team and functions.
Organizational culture consists of values, beliefs, behavior of the people and experiences to
create the organization that define how the organization does work. Organizational culture is so
crucial if anything doesn’t fit in specific culture that will get rejected. It is need of organization
to develop PMO but in different size and different function (Gibson & Donnelly, 1994).
For Organization Project Management is very important because it deals with many project in
parallel specially project with scare resources. PMO in organization is a great challenge because
every organization is of different nature so organization should be careful about its needs
regarding project management and PMO. The project management organization should be
design according to organization nature, type and size. The culture affects everything in the
organization very considerably and is a very complex reality to understand and analyze (Hayal
Senyurt, 2010).
16. 16
Strategic initiatives are key actions programs which concentrate on achieving specific objectives
and eliminating the gap between actual performances and planned one. It provide guidance to
review all current projects and sort out the expected impact and spotlight the important project
that have measurable and immediate change impact on achieving organizational mission.
PMO supports strategic initiatives with project evaluation, prioritization and selection and align
projects with business strategies. For organization to be successful by implementing PMO it’s
necessary that share values and belief aligns with technical and social aspect of project
management to achieve organizational business objective. PMO success is linked with four
dimensions that is organizational structure, measurement system, project management skills &
competencies and management practices that represent organizational culture. Organizational
value create link between structure, system, organizational members and processes in
implementation of project management methods (Kendra & Taplin, 2004).
Many organizational culture show resistance in accepting PMO because they value their
discipline rather than managerial knowledge but PMO helps them in their understanding that it
would be benefit for standardized operation, for decision making, better resource allocation, fast
access of important information; reduce need of restructuring, give effective and efficient
operations, few meeting that is valuable and reduce high time consumption of executives and
helps in prioritize of task (Kerzner, 2003).
Projects usually fails because of objective is not properly clear, inappropriate project schedule,
troubleshooting, communication is ineffective, non availability of required resources, not clear
goal of participants and absence of top management support, teams focus on technical problems
rather than customer satisfaction (Young, 2000; Andersen et al., 2004; White, 2006; The
Standish Group in Young & Jordan, 2008).
Another major factor in failure of projects in as number of projects increase then there is need to
have more employees so there will be rise in relationship and contacts. The association of
stakeholders actually represents trouble to regular work and therefore its results in short
tempering and functional managers have an aversion to such projects. So there is need to defined
17. 17
proper roles, responsibilities, competencies and relationship between stakeholders if it’s not so
then it would lead into more conflicts and less efficiency of project execution. (Aljaz Stare,2011)
Projects often fail because of many cultural factors. The most important the plans of projects
made in hurry without any proper risk management .there is low level of project managers
authority, low level of line managers support and project teams are not suitable these
components could be subsume inside of task hierarchical society which structures some portion
of corporate society (Aljaz Stare, 2011).
Organizational culture has an impact on project management office e.g. organizational strategy,
structure, culture, system, behavioral patterns and organizational processes determine the internal
environment that is necessary for success of project management office (Brown, 2008;
Andersen et al, 2009).
A literature study reveals that’s three types of organizational culture impacts the success of
PMO. Corporate culture with an indirect influence. Constant employee participation, how to
adapt to changing environment, long term directions, clear mission , How ambiguity is being
responded by decision makers, uncertainty and complexity Management style of people,
flexibility, process and system support, people philosophy, competency of people, performance
management, communication, cross functional integration. Optimistic working environment,
leadership, technical focus and customer satisfaction, empowered working style, hierarchy has a
vast impact on PMO(Moore, 2002; Fong & Kwok, 2009; Belassi et al,2007 Kuo & Kuo, 2010;
Shore, 2008; Aroson & Lechler, 2009; Brown ,2008; Morrison et al, 2008 ).
Project Organizational Culture has a direct influence like top management support and their
attitudes, prioritization of projects, project staffing, organization policies, rules, procedures,
roles, departmental support in track of project goal, employee commitment to that objectives,
task arranging, how function is assessed and how assets would be doled out and managed,
project team performance and how directors assess and see the consequences of ventures has a
great impact on success of PMO. (Pinto, 2010; Cleland, 1999; Young & Jordan, 2008, Doll,
1985; Kearns, 2007; Kerzner, 2009; Tinnirello, 2011; Andersen et al, 2009)
18. 18
According to Kernzer, 2011 & Cleland in 1999 The project team subculture has a straight
influence like effective communications, trust and team work and cooperation, not feeling
reluctant in sharing problems and ideas among team members , team social activities, calling
colleagues by their epithets or first names and convention level inside of group.
According to Cleland, 1999 and Skarabot, 1998 Project culture is most important factor in
successful project implementation and its part of organizational culture .it’s basically attitude to
project within business. Project should be operating within a business environment not in
isolation because it's essential prerequisite of great task administration. The way of life
influences venture administration, vital arranging and execution and everything else.
According to Pinto in 2010 organizational culture can also affect project management office in
four ways. How department interact and support each other to achieve goals, employee
commitment level to achieve the goal with strategic goal, project planning how work is estimated
and resources are assigned and how project manager evaluate the team performance and
outcome of project.
Another important factor that empowers PMO to achieve strategic objective is top and senior
management support. The top management support absence is a great challenge for project
management. CEO and other senior management should dedicate their time to evaluate plan,
assist project management problems, and follow up results.
Mostly top management control access of project manager to resources that are under the
supervision of functional manger. Support level provided by functional manager is determine by
the level of strengthen gave by top administration. Most important issue in any organization for
PMO is availability of resources it is not a big issue if it is part of functional department because
the functional manger himself is project manager but in case of matrix organization it needs
positional power and negotiating skills within organization to have adequate resources. Full top
management support is very necessary for PMO to facilitate and implement strategies successful.
19. 19
Relationship between task administration and senior administration is imperative. A civilized
relationship includes these factors; project managers should be empowered to make decision and
it’s only done through decentralization, project managers should be given authority to present
recommendation and alternatives to sponsor while maintaining a hands off rather than just
problems. There should be a policy that calls for a periodic briefings and meaningful executives’
status report has been formulated. (Kerzner, 2011).
Project manager and senior manager should build up a commonly pleasing venture culture and
working relationship that is based on trust, teamwork, cooperation and communications.
Everyone tries to propel the cost of others, the utilitarian supervisor adds to its own way of life
and venture administrator ought to manage the work as per that culture (Kerzner & Saladis,
2009).
Project managers and senior managers both are responsible for successful completions of
projects in order to achieve organizational strategy. Project managers must negotiate with senior
manager for achievement of deliverable; senior manager should trust their employees and
empower employees to make decision. If something went wrong then project manager must help
senior manger to develop some alternative plan.
Responsibility of project manager is to deliver the outcome of project and project is complex
endeavor so project manager needs some support from some other mangers in organization. The
senior management involvement can help project management to successfully achieve the
project (Benser & Hobbs, 2008; lester, 1998; Zwikael & Globerson, 2004 Whittaker, 1999;
Johnson et al, 2001).
Most of the executives considered organizational issue are more important than technical so
organizational involvement is important for project success. With introduction of maturity model
top management support is most important factor. The model examine that rather than project
management exercise project is an organizational effort like top management support is highly
weighted the tools project manager decides to use in projects.(Doherty & King, 2001; Benser &
Hobbs, 2008; Paulk et al, 1995; Project Management Institute- PMI, 2003).
20. 20
PMO is basically established to better the performance of project management and lessen those
projects that unsuccessful in fulfilling customer demands, projects that are over budget and ahead
schedule those results in delaying of projects. Skilled PMO leaders are another very important
factor that boosts PMO to achieve the organization strategic objective.
According to PMI, PMO which is also known as program management office, project
management center of excellence has allotted many different obligations identified with
concentrated and direct those undertakings which are under its zone.
PMO leader skills are very important factor in empowering PMO to successfully completion of
projects in order to achieve strategy of organization. It is very critical to select project managers
who have technical and administrative skills to terminate the projects successfully and it is also
very important during implementation stage.
PMO consist of staff who has blend of expertise like managerial, training, administrative,
consulting and technical services related to projects and organization. PMO is basically
established because there was necessary to better the project management essentials like
performance results; lesson learned and project manager’s support.
Project mangers competence and commitment is very important because it is not only impact
project performance but also involve in client satisfaction and acceptance of projects. The
objective of PMO is basically to improve project management effectiveness by acquiring
knowledge from previous failure and success and give support and enhance service for not only
projects but also for supporting units and other management levels (Dai &Wells, 2004).
According to Kerzner, 2004; Walker & Christenson, 2005, PMO is very important it helps to
identify the opportunities of continuous improvement because it contains project management
practices, standards, lesson learned. In addition to PMO is a knowledge network which develops,
make and disperse thoughts. PMO incorporates best practices, devices and procedures, ideas
from past experience and make them open for succeeding task groups.
21. 21
Senior mangers play the role of intermediaries in linking project managers to assist cross project
learning. They play a vital role in facilitating cross project knowledge transfers because they are
involved for the large programs serving as conduit. They review the projects frequently and
review some other projects and share information on to other teams. PMO leaders is basically
specific type of intermediaries who overview multiple projects and assist learning from one
project to the other (Scarbrough & Swan, 2003).
The most important activity in cross project learning is practicising those experiences when the
project got completed. This is known as lesson learned which is also known as after action
review or post project review. The project members then discuss what went good and what went
wrong and then document and store it in database with objective of improving future project
performance for future project team. (Kotnour & Vergopia, 2005; Zedtwitz, 2002).
Organization consists of multiple communities of practices in which knowledge seen entrenched
within and across the group so PMO leaders play a very important role within collection of
practices from and through which knowledge and past experiences negotiated and shard
(Wenger, 1998).
The significant project management skills sets needed for successful completion of projects to
achieve strategic initiatives are specialized venture administration abilities, initiative aptitudes,
and business and key ,administration abilities. Numerous associations discovered that it’s most
noteworthy trouble in discovering assets with adequate specialized task administration aptitudes.
Almost every organization believed that key and business administration abilities and specialized
aptitude can be taught through trainings but they require the resources with good leadership
skills. (Project Management Institution (PMI), 2013).
Project management performance increased by training and career development, recruiting, and
hiring skill PMO leaders but the important is its efficiency and effectiveness should closely
aligned to organizational strategy. If it is aligned with organizational strategy then it has clear
impact on project success meeting the organizational goals and business initiatives and creates
the competitive advantage to sustain and growth of an organization.
22. 22
Organization with Skilled PMO leaders efficiency aligned with its strategy has an average
success rate of 72 percent while organization with not effectively aligned with organizational
strategy has an average project success of 58 percent this 14 percent difference equal to risking
50 percent of loss (Project Management Institution, (PMI), 2013).
Most of the PMOs directly report to senior management, the primary objective to establish PMO
is to improve project team performance so PMO leaders is examined as straddling no less than
three groups of works on including upper administration, task group what's more, PMO
association (Wells, 2004).
PMO leaders performance is highly influenced by uniqueness of activities, the more standard
activity the project will have it will be more easy for PMO leaders to plan, schedule and monitor
their projects.
The PMO leader’s primary responsibility is to ensure timely delivery of project, within assigned
budget and meet and satisfy customer expectations. Many PMO leaders require project team in
order to classify the lessons learned when work has been completed. Continuous improvement in
performance to achieve the organizational strategic objective is important aspect of PMO
leader’s responsibility.
PMO leaders have a responsibility to check whether the project management practices have been
implemented across the organization or not. They develop growth and learning for project
managers, PMO maintain by project managers who are experienced and skilled. They have
proper tools for training and helpful setting to do their best.
PMO leaders smooth the progress of cross project learning by developing processes that can be
utilized by multiple projects, carry out lesson learned and information sharing session between
venture chiefs, task group and other administration. PMO leaders also assist cross project
learning by conducting training of team members and make certain people with required
capabilities are employees on upcoming projects.
23. 23
PMO pioneers create procedures, structures and frameworks that settle in learning crosswise
over venture groups inside of associations and help them to achieve the organizational
objectives. Organizational routine has been utilized by multiple projects that help organization to
produce and transfer lesson learn from past experience that helps project teams to use that
learning for similar future projects.
From literature organizational routine is mean by which aggregate know how from past
encounters can be embedded into day by day routine work of each authoritative individuals
(Becke 2005; Becker, Lazaric, Winter & Nelson, 2005; Brensen et al, 2005; Feldman &
Pentland, 2003; Szulanski &Jensen, 2004). So organizational routine not only helps in learning
from past experiences but also helps in improving project templates, methodologies that would
be utilized by upcoming project teams.
Project prioritization is very necessary and critical that helps PMO to choose the high priority
projects over low priority projects in order to achieve the organizational strategic initiatives.
Prioritization of projects will increase organization likelihood of success. It helps the PMO to
rank projects that are important on basis of criteria. It helps PMO to see which projects are more
important to see t first and which if any could be discontinued or put on hold.
Organization should be focus on high critical projects, it will generate high revenue. In order to
gain the greatest return the organization should effectively prioritize and manage projects. To
prioritize projects organization use many methods like ABC method in which A is assigned to
high priority project B is to slightly lower priority and C is for lowest priority projects. Some use
5 or 10 method for project prioritization but the most effective method to prioritize project is
effort and impact.
In this technique first u have to check whether the effort is easy or hard then sort out project is
going to have low or high impact on organization or you can say what company gain as a result
of successful termination to the project. Usually the easy to do project has high priority and has
more impact than projects with difficult to do and has low impact in achieving organization
mission.
24. 24
Once the project has been prioritized now it’s time to manage these projects. Many commercial
software’s programs are available to facilitate in managing any project. Mostly are based on
Gantt chart in which activities are listed, has established time line and assigned resources.
Apart from managing projects it is important to update the status of progress regularly. The
updates would be done by person who is assigned to that work it’s basically referred to that
person who is responsible for updating the whole project plan because it creates the ownership of
each task and its key element of successful completion of task.
PMO prioritize project on different criteria and weight it based on strategic direction,
organizational goals, available resources etc. Projects are then prioritize and scored on those
criteria. Once project get prioritize and priorities are reviewed and discussed, PMO then evaluate
the result to decide funding and resource allocation for high priority projects then decide when
and how resources would be assigned to low priority projects in future when more resources will
be available.
The criteria on which the project would be prioritized could be required services or projects, like
project required to meet regulatory mandates or legal compliances. On vital arrangement like
what exactly degree the project is adjusted to our association general techniques and worth to
client the amount of quality the result of this undertaking convey to our customer. Organizational
benefit of project including revenue, profit, cost and improvement. Complexity of projects like
required expertise, cross cultural communication, innovative content, virtual team work etc.
project risk that would damage organization reputation and contract management which include
expected changes and claims towards us and others.
Project prioritization is necessary for organization which has clear strategy but if organization
change its strategy then there is need to change prioritization criteria accordingly .So there is no
need to change the priorities of those projects which are already in implementation phase that
could cause disturbance. However it is necessary to communicate strategy changes that involve
changes of project prioritization to all members of an organization. Then affected teams and
25. 25
members have an understanding of changes and its consequences. It would be best practice to
involve organization staff into strategy development.
Strategic initiatives is not business as usual it requires few critical projects to improve
organization to deliver its mission. It begins with collecting complete list of projects. All are
important regarding projects including its budget, benefits, risk and owners of project managers
must be collected. Once it gets completed now it’s time to review it. Now each project must be
plotted against organizational strategic objective. Add mark for each strategic objective that
project will have positive impact.
Strategic initiatives are about doing right things while routine operation and low impacts projects
is about doing things right that thing would depict for long term strategic position of
organization. Strategic initiatives are to help entire organization to get focus on more important
and critical work rather than get distracted by low priority projects.
The most important tool that is used with strategic initiative is milestone helps to determine
when major task is going to start when it going to be completed. The owner of this would be
responsible for ensuring major milestone is completed on schedule and on budget and also keep
top management up to date on progress.
There is no need to update top management about minor milestone, they should be updated about
major milestone if they are over budget or ahead schedule or require more resources.
The Gantt chart is very useful in communicating the top management about milestone planning,
delivery, completion. Strategic initiative is a tool for translating vision into results.
The alignment of PMO to the organizational goal is key to drive strategy implementation. PMO
is very important for organization portfolio of projects and strategic initiatives. It is mindful for
undertaking and program conveyance administration and brought together inside of association.
Hence PMO is working in defining its value within organization and determine its role within
organization (Project Management Institution (PMI), 2012).
26. 26
PMO has play very important role in clearly defining of organizational mission. Goals and
mission not only clear by project teams but also by the other department in the organization. It
helps in developing project schedule plan that is developing detailed plan of required phase of
usage process.
PMO has also solved personnel issue including recruitment, selection and training of necessary
personnel for project team and it helps in the documentation of necessary standards,
methodologies, policies and practices that can be applied for same nature of projects to prevent
reinventing of wheel.
If an organization is running multiple, cross functional projects then it needs PMO because it
helps in continuous improvement culture, continual progress review towards completion and
improved ROI, repeatable project delivery and process and less reinventing the wheel,
management and up-skilling resources, had senior management support and direction, provide
consistent project management and guidance (methods, systems, processes, tools, metrics
etc),manage resources accurately across the projects, managed priorities according to timelines,
budget, resource information and what if analysis and estimates accurately based on firm’s
history and lesson learned.
There are a variety of types of PMO structure exist and they perform variety of task and achieve
organizational strategy differently. Some PMO are easy to line up with strategy of organization,
but most important of it is the obligation of PMO inside of association and whether it is
measured dynamic in achieving association achievement. Another essential component is senior
director’s state of mind and PMO approach to chief executives and members of board who
present a greater opportunity to align PMOs to organization strategies.
The PMO greatest appliance is run past arrangement with key activities; they are enjoying
creating and executing authoritative system. PMO when aligned with organizational strategic
objective than it will have more potential to generate business value to organizational activities
(Project Management Initiative (PMI), 2013).
27. 27
According to PMI if the projects are align to organization goal it is really very helpful in rising
the business value. PMO which are involved in alignment of projects to strategic objective of an
organization it is almost twice as liable to be high performing PMO to those once in a while
included. High performing PMOs implement strategy more effectively.
Most effective organization not only well aware about project, program and portfolio
management but also give PMO credibility, management authority, top administration support
also, apparatuses inside operational business structure. It is essential that top administration
ought to comprehend PMO and most ideal approach to utilize it and bolster it.
PMO should have direction, governance and support, and skilled staff personnel if it wants to
generate society that grasps venture administration and to create business worth to association.
Successful PMO play a very important part in strategy formulation. The imminent they get
enable them to prioritize strategic initiatives and eventually increase the chances for successful
implementation.
28. 28
CHAPTER – 3
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS
3.1. Theoretical Framework
3.1.1. Variables
3.1.1.1. Independent variables
Organizational culture, Skilled PMO leaders and Top management support are
independent variable.
3.1.1.2. Dependent Variable
Success of Strategic Initiatives is dependent variable.
3.1.1.3. Mediating variable
Empower PMO is Mediating Variable.
3.2. Theoretical Framework
Organizational Culture
Empowered
PMO
Success of Strategic
Initiatives
29. 29
3.3. MODEL
Hοa = Organizational Culture does not affect success of Strategic Initiatives.
H1a = Organizational Culture affects success of Strategic Initiatives.
Hοb = Empowered PMO does not play Mediating role between Organizational Culture and
success of Strategic Initiatives.
Skilled PMO leaders
Success of Strategic
Initiatives
Empower
PMO
Skilled PMO leaders
Success of Strategic
Initiatives
Empower
PMO
30. 30
H1b = Empowered PMO plays Mediating role between Organizational Culture and success of
Strategic Initiatives.
Hοc = Skilled PMO leaders does not affect success of Strategic Initiatives.
H1c = Skilled PMO leaders affects success of Strategic Initiatives.
Hοd = Empowered PMO does not play Mediating role between Skilled PMO leaders and
success of Strategic Initiatives.
H1d = Empowered PMO plays Mediating role between Skilled PMO leaders and success of
Strategic Initiatives.
Hοe = Top Management Support does not affect success of Strategic Initiatives.
H1e Top Management Support affects success of Strategic Initiatives.
Hοf = Empowered PMO does not play Mediating role between Top Management Support and
success of Strategic Initiatives.
H1f = Empowered PMO plays Mediating role between Top Management Support and success
of Strategic Initiatives.
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CHAPTER -4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.1. Sample Selection
The sample size for this study is one hundred and twenty five respondents. I have calculated the
sample size through SS calculator it was around 96 that I should get the data from 96
respondents but I have collected 125 responses from respondents who are working in project
base organization. The key subjects for this sample are program managers, project managers and
project team working in different project based organization in twin cities Rawalpindi/Islamabad.
4.2. Population Frame
Population frame will be different Project based companies in Rawalpindi Islamabad.
4.3. Sampling Technique
Population size of this study was not very large as PMO exist very rare and it is very difficult to
find out too many project managers, program managers and portfolio managers in organization
because they are few in numbers that’s why we used non-probability convenience sampling
technique to draw sample from population.
4.4. Type of Study
This research is explanatory and casual in nature and hypothesis testing will use to explore how
the needs of PMO empowered PMO in achieving the strategic success of organization.
32. 32
4.5. Data Collection Strategy
The data is collected by using questionnaires, theses questionnaires were specifically being
distributed among different project based companies in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The items of
the questionnaires were reliable question of top management support is adapted from research
study of (Steven & Debora, 1998) “ Perceived Organizational Support” and question of
organizational culture is adopted from the study of (Abram Carmeli, 2003) “The relationship
between organizational culture and withdrawal intentions and behaviors” and questions PMO
adopted from study of (Young W.Lee, 2006) “ The effects of PMO on IT Projects” questions of
remaining two variables are self constructed.
4.6. Data Analysis
The feedback of respondents will be quantitatively analyzed. Different numbers were
specifically assigned to the options on nominal scale and also to the options on five point Likert
scale .After assigning the numerical values, they were specifically added to the statistical tool for
management sciences software (SPSS) and analyze by using different statistical tool.
4.7. Statistical Techniques
Different statistical techniques is used in this study like regression analysis, correlation analysis
etc.
4.8. Software
For Analysis of data SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) will be use
33. 33
4.9. Reliability
The reliability of questionnaires was checked through reliability coefficient Cronbach’s Alpha
that measures the precision and accuracy of the instrument. For 8 items of organizational culture,
6 items of op management support, 9 items of skilled PMO leaders, 10 items of empower PMO
and 9 items of strategic initiatives, values of Cronbach’s Alpha are .691, .739, .652, .765 and
.800 which are shown in Table 1. If the value of Cronbach’s Alpha will be .65 then instruments
used in research are reliable. So all the values are more than 0.65 which shows that items of the
questions are reliable.
TABLE – 1
Internal reliability of the Study
Variables Cronbach’s Alpha Items
Organizational Culture 0.691 8
Skilled PMO leaders 0.739 9
Top management support .652 6
PMO .765 10
Strategic Initiative Success .800 9
34. 34
CHAPTER-5
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
For this study the targeted population was Project Managers, Program Manager, Project Team
and Portfolio Managers working in project based organizations... SPSS (Statistical Package for
Social Sciences) is used to investigate the results and techniques used were regression,
correlation etc. Strategic initiative success was treated as dependent variable where as
Organizational culture, Skilled PMO leaders and Top management support treated as
independent variable and empower PMO used as mediating variable.
All questions for dependent, independent and mediating variable were assessed on 5-point Likert
scale from “Strongly Disagree “to “Strongly Agree” and 125 responses were collected to study
all the variables.
5.1 Descriptive Analysis
Table - 2
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximu
m
Mean Std.
Deviation
Skewness Kurtosis
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std.
Error
Statistic Statistic Std.
Error
Statistic Std.
Error
oc_idx 125 3.38 5.00 4.0320 .03055 .34155 .363 .217 .509 .430
sl_idx 125 3.22 5.00 3.9902 .02771 .30981 .609 .217 .922 .430
tms_idx 125 2.33 4.67 3.8493 .03254 .36381 -.541 .217 2.243 .430
pmo_idx 125 3.00 5.00 4.0120 .03297 .36865 .387 .217 .243 .430
busini_idx 125 3.11 5.00 4.0924 .02724 .30453 .570 .217 2.213 .430
Valid N
(listwise)
125
35. 35
Table – 2 provides the descriptive statistics of studied values. It shows six different types of
values i.e. (total number of responses), maximum and minimum values, mean, standard
deviations, skewness and kurtosis.
As we measured our instrument on 5-point Likert scale from “Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly
Agree”. Mean values for all variables are equal to four or close to four it means that shows most
of values have degree of agreement in our data set and deviation is also very low.
Skewness is used to check the symmetry in the distribution. Positive values shows that
distribution is right tailed and right side is heavier whereas negative values shows that
distribution is left tailed and left side of distribution is heavier. In our skewness value of all four
variables i.e. strategic initiative success, organizational culture, skilled PMO leaders and
empower PMO is positive its means the distribution values of all the variables are rightly tailed
while value of top management support is negative it means it is the distribution value of this is
left tailed.
Kurtosis is basically to measure the tallness of probability distribution of the variables.
Distribution with kurtosis less than 3 is playtykurtic. Distribution with equal to 3 is leptokurtic
and distribution with excess than 3 is excess kurtosis.
By applying Jarque Berra test we have analyzed the data of all variables are normal. As its value
is greater than 2 then it means the data of all variables are normal.
5.2. Correlation Analysis
Table – 3
Pearson correlation of variables
Correlations
oc_idx sl_idx tms_idx pmo_idx busini_idx
oc_idx
Pearson Correlation 1 .404**
.361**
.407**
.568**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
36. 36
N 125 125 125 125 125
sl_idx
Pearson Correlation .404**
1 .241**
.505**
.423**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .007 .000 .000
N 125 125 125 125 125
tms_idx
Pearson Correlation .361**
.241**
1 .345**
.390**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .007 .000 .000
N 125 125 125 125 125
pmo_idx
Pearson Correlation .407**
.505**
.345**
1 .363**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 125 125 125 125 125
busini_idx
Pearson Correlation .568**
.423**
.390**
.363**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 125 125 125 125 125
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
When we want to check the association between two variables then we use the Pearson
correlation. Its values vary from -1 to +1, -1 shows the perfect negative correlations between two
variables, 0 shows no correlation between two variables and +1 shows the perfect positive
correlation between two variables.
Table – 3 shows the Pearson correlation between our dependent variable strategic Initiative
success and our independent and mediating variable i.e. organizational culture, skilled PMO
leaders, top management support and empower PMO and it is tested on 0.01 level of
significance.
Correlation between strategic initiative success and organizational culture is significant
(P < 0.01) whereas the value of R is 0.568 which shows that there is positive correlation between
both variable the organizational culture has positive impact of strategic initiative success.
Similarly the correlation between empower PMO and organizational culture is significant
(P< 0.01) whereas the value of R is 0.407 which shows that there is positive correlation between
two variables means the organizational culture has positive impact/ influence on the empowered
PMO.
37. 37
Correlation between strategic initiative success and skilled PMO leaders is significant (P < 0.01)
whereas the value of R is .423 which shows that there is positive correlation between two
variables means the skilled PMO leaders has positive impact of strategic initiative success.
Similarly the correlation between empowered PMO and skilled PMO leaders is significant
(P < 0.01) where as the value of R is 0.505 which shows that there is positive correlation
between two variables means the skilled PMO leaders has positive impact/ influence on
empower PMO.
Correlation between strategic initiative success and top management support is significant
(P < 0.01) whereas the value of R is 0.390 which means there is positive correlation between
two variables shows that top management support has positive impact on strategic initiative
success.
Similarly the correlation between empower PMO and top management support is also significant
(P < 0.01 ) whereas the value of R is 0.345 which shows that there is a positive correlation
between both variables means the top management support has positive impact/influence on
empower PMO.
Correlation between strategic initiative success and empower PMO is significant ( P < 0.01 )
whereas the value of R is 0.363 which shows that there is correlation between both variables
means PMO has positive impact on success of strategic initiative.
5.3. Regression
Table – 4
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .631a
.398 .383 .23916 1.988
a. Predictors: (Constant), tms_idx, sl_idx, oc_idx
38. 38
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
Adjust R square should be less than R square it shows the closure look of variation. According to
model summary independent variable (organizational culture, skilled PMO leaders and top
management support) accounting 38.3% variation in Dependent variable (strategic initiative
success).
5.3.1. ANOVA ANALYSIS
Table – 5
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 4.579 3 1.526 26.684 .000b
Residual 6.921 121 .057
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), tms_idx, sl_idx, oc_idx
According to regression theory the residual sum of square is always less than regression sum of
square but in our case the residual sum of square is greater than regression which means the data
is scattered and we cannot draw the regression line easily. According to table 7 the regression
sum of square is less than residual sum of square (4.579 < 6.921) which means data is scattered
and we cannot draw regression line easily.
As sig value is also less than 0.05 which means null hypothesis is rejected and independent
variables affect dependent variable. According to table – 7 the sig value is 0.000 which means
claim got accepted that independent variables organizational culture, skilled PMO leaders and
top management support affect the dependent variable i.e. strategic initiative success.
5.3.2. Coefficients
Table – 6
39. 39
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 1.168 .342 3.420 .001
oc_idx .370 .072 .415 5.136 .000 .763 1.311
sl_idx .206 .076 .210 2.708 .008 .826 1.210
tms_idx .158 .064 .189 2.487 .014 .859 1.164
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
In table – 6 we have two streams unstandardized beta coefficient and standardized beta
coefficient. If variables are measured on different scale then we will use standardized beta but if
variables are measured on same scale then we will use unstandardized beta. In our case We will
use unstandardized beta because its measured on the same scale.
Beta value determines the rate of change. If beta value is positive then there will be positive
relationship between independent and dependent variables. If beta value is negative then there
will be negative relation between independent and dependent variables. In this case all beta
variables are positive it means there is positive relation between our dependent variable and
independent variables.
Therefore we will conclude that there is positive relationship between organizational culture and
strategic initiative success means organizational culture positively impact strategic initiative
success. And 37% change in strategic initiative success is due to organizational culture.
There is positive relationship between skilled PMO leaders and strategic initiative success that
means skilled PMO leaders positively impact strategic initiative success.20% change in strategic
initiative success is due to skilled PMO leaders.
There is positive relationship between top management support and strategic initiative success
that means top management support positively impact strategic initiative success and 15%
change in strategic initiative success is due to top management support.
40. 40
T value shows the relative importance of the independent variables means which independent
variable is more important for dependent variable. It will be checked by higher value. In this case
the T value of organizational culture is higher than other two variables top management support
and skilled PMO leaders that is 5.136 that means organizational culture is more important for
strategic initiative success.
As sig value for organizational culture is 0.000 that is less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05) which means
there is positive relationship between organizational culture and strategic initiative success and
organizational culture positively impact strategic initiative success.
As sig value for skilled PMO leaders is 0.008 that is less than 0.05 (0.008 < 0.05) which means
there is positive relationship between skilled PMO leaders and strategic initiative success and
skilled PMO leaders positively impact strategic initiative success.
As sig value for top management support is 0.014 that is less than 0.05 (0.014 < 0.05) which
means there is positive relationship between top management support and strategic initiative
success and top management support positively impact strategic initiative success. Table – 8 also
shows multicollinearity statistics. If the tolerance value is less than 0.20 or 0.10 it will indicate
multicollinearity problem (Brien & Robert, 2007). In above table the tolerance value of all the
independent variables are 0.763, 0.826 and 0.859 that means there is no problem of
multicollinearity and it shows that tolerance level is good and moderate. The VIF value 5 or 10
above indicates that multicollinearity problem (Brien & Robert, 2007). In above table VIF
values of all the independent variables is less than 5 or 10 that is 1.311, 1.210 and 1.164 which
shows that VIF level is good and there is no multicollinearity problem.
5.3.3. Collinearity Diagnostics
Table – 7
Collinearity Diagnosticsa
Model Dimension Eigenvalue Condition Index Variance Proportions
41. 41
(Constant) oc_idx sl_idx tms_idx
1
1 3.987 1.000 .00 .00 .00 .00
2 .006 25.811 .02 .04 .18 .89
3 .004 31.691 .08 .95 .26 .02
4 .003 37.742 .90 .01 .56 .09
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
If Eigen value is near to zero it means there is less variation. In above table the value of all
independent variables is close to zero which means there is little variance in these variables that
is good.
5.3.4. Mediation Test
First we will run regression analysis for organizational culture and strategic initiative success and
Empowered PMO as mediator. In this model the mediation is checked through four steps, the
path a, b and c is estimated by multiple regression. In first step the organizational culture variable
is correlated with dependent variable strategic initiative success.
a b
c
Table – 8
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .568a
.323 .317 .25167 1.949
a. Predictors: (Constant), oc_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
Organizational
culture
Empowered
PMO
Strategic initiative
success
42. 42
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 3.709 1 3.709 58.554 .000b
Residual 7.791 123 .063
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), oc_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 2.051 .268 7.660 .000
oc_idx .506 .066 .568 7.652 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In second step the independent variable organizational culture is correlated with mediator
empower PMO. Simple regression is conducting where organizational culture is predicting
mediator empower PMO to test path a.
Table – 9
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .407a
.166 .159 .33813 1.917
a. Predictors: (Constant), oc_idx
43. 43
b. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 2.789 1 2.789 24.396 .000b
Residual 14.063 123 .114
Total 16.852 124
a. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), oc_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 2.242 .360 6.231 .000
oc_idx .439 .089 .407 4.939 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In third step we conduct simple regression analysis with mediator empowered PMO predicting
the dependent variable strategic initiative success to test the significance of path b
Table – 10
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .363a
.132 .125 .28494 2.007
a. Predictors: (Constant), pmo_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
ANOVAa
44. 44
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 1.513 1 1.513 18.641 .000b
Residual 9.986 123 .081
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), pmo_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 2.890 .280 10.335 .000
pmo_idx .300 .069 .363 4.318 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In the fourth and final step we conduct the multiple regression analysis with the mediator
empower PMO and independent variable predicting dependent variable strategic initiative
success
Table – 11
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .586a
.343 .333 .24880 1.945
a. Predictors: (Constant), oc_idx, pmo_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
ANOVAa
45. 45
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 3.948 2 1.974 31.890 .000b
Residual 7.552 122 .062
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), oc_idx, pmo_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 1.759 .304 5.792 .000
pmo_idx .130 .066 .158 1.966 .052 .834 1.198
oc_idx .449 .072 .504 6.271 .000 .834 1.198
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
This results shows that there is partial mediation but according to Sobel test when we calculate
the path a and b and by putting value of Beta and Standard error in formula we get the value i.e.
3.672 which is more than 2 and according to Michael E Sobel if the value is more than 2 it shows
that there is a mediation.
Now we are going to run regression analysis for skilled PMO leaders and strategic initiative
success and empowered PMO as mediating variable. In first step the skilled PMO leader’s
variable is correlated with dependent variable strategic initiative success.
a b
c
Skilled PMO
leaders
Empowered
PMO
Strategic initiatives
success
46. 46
Table – 12
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .423a
.179 .173 .27702 2.036
a. Predictors: (Constant), sl_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 2.061 1 2.061 26.855 .000b
Residual 9.439 123 .077
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), sl_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 2.432 .321 7.568 .000
sl_idx .416 .080 .423 5.182 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In second step the independent variable skilled PMO leaders is correlated with mediator
empower PMO. Simple regression is conducting where skilled PMO leaders is predicting
mediator empower PMO to test path a.
47. 47
Table – 13
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .505a
.255 .249 .31954 1.850
a. Predictors: (Constant), sl_idx
b. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 4.293 1 4.293 42.045 .000b
Residual 12.559 123 .102
Total 16.852 124
a. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), sl_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 1.616 .371 4.358 .000
sl_idx .601 .093 .505 6.484 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In third step we conduct simple regression analysis with mediator empowered PMO predicting
the dependent variable strategic initiative success to test the significance of path b.
48. 48
Table – 14
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .363a
.132 .125 .28494 2.007
a. Predictors: (Constant), pmo_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 1.513 1 1.513 18.641 .000b
Residual 9.986 123 .081
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), pmo_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 2.890 .280 10.335 .000
pmo_idx .300 .069 .363 4.318 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In the fourth and final step we conduct the multiple regression analysis with the mediator
empower PMO and independent variable predicting dependent variable strategic initiative
success
49. 49
Table – 15
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .457a
.209 .196 .27305 2.047
a. Predictors: (Constant), sl_idx, pmo_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 2.404 2 1.202 16.122 .000b
Residual 9.096 122 .075
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), sl_idx, pmo_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 2.165 .340 6.361 .000
pmo_idx .165 .077 .200 2.145 .034 .745 1.342
sl_idx .317 .092 .322 3.456 .001 .745 1.342
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
This results shows that there is mediation and according to Sobel test when we calculate the path
a and b and by putting value of Beta and Standard error in formula we get the value i.e. 3.607
which is more than 2 and according to Michael E Sobel if the value is more than 2 it shows that
there is a mediation.
50. 50
Now we are going to run regression analysis for top management support and strategic initiative
success and empowered PMO as a mediating variable. In first step the top management support
variable is correlated with dependent variable strategic initiative success.
a b
c
Table – 16
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .390a
.152 .145 .28161 1.920
a. Predictors: (Constant), tms_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 1.745 1 1.745 22.009 .000b
Residual 9.754 123 .079
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), tms_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
Top management
support
Empowered
PMO
Strategic Initiative
success
51. 51
1
(Constant) 2.837 .269 10.557 .000
tms_idx .326 .070 .390 4.691 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In second step the independent variable top management support is correlated with mediator
empower PMO. Simple regression is conducting where top management support is predicting
mediator empower PMO to test path a.
Table – 17
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .345a
.119 .112 .34738 1.802
a. Predictors: (Constant), tms_idx
b. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 2.009 1 2.009 16.651 .000b
Residual 14.843 123 .121
Total 16.852 124
a. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), tms_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
52. 52
1
(Constant) 2.665 .332 8.039 .000
tms_idx .350 .086 .345 4.081 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: pmo_idx
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In third step we conduct simple regression analysis with mediator empowers PMO predicting the
dependent variable strategic initiative success to test the significance of path b.
Table – 18
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .363a
.132 .125 .28494 2.007
a. Predictors: (Constant), pmo_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 1.513 1 1.513 18.641 .000b
Residual 9.986 123 .081
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), pmo_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 2.890 .280 10.335 .000
pmo_idx .300 .069 .363 4.318 .000 1.000 1.000
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
53. 53
In above table the significant value is less than 0.05 that is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) that means the
null hypothesis got rejected as its value is less than 0.05 means there is mediation.
In the fourth and final step we conduct the multiple regression analysis with the mediator
empowered PMO and independent variable predicting dependent variable strategic initiative
success.
Table – 19
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .459a
.211 .198 .27272 1.965
a. Predictors: (Constant), tms_idx, pmo_idx
b. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 2.426 2 1.213 16.306 .000b
Residual 9.074 122 .074
Total 11.500 124
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
b. Predictors: (Constant), tms_idx, pmo_idx
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) 2.267 .321 7.051 .000
pmo_idx .214 .071 .259 3.024 .003 .881 1.135
tms_idx .251 .072 .300 3.502 .001 .881 1.135
a. Dependent Variable: busini_idx
54. 54
This results shows that there is mediation and according to Sobel test when we calculate the path
a and b and by putting value of Beta and Standard error we get the value i.e. 2.971 which is more
than 2 and according to Michael E Sobel if the value is more than 2 it shows that there is a
mediation.
5.4. Discussion
The research study found that the needs of PMO (organizational culture, top management
support and skilled PMO leaders) has a positive impact on strategic initiative success they
empowered PMO to achieve the strategic initiative of organizations and PMO plays a mediationg
role between them.
They showed that:
Our first hypothesis was organizational culture affects strategic initiative success. Through our
results we conclude that organizational culture positively affects the strategic initiatives success.
Our results support the hypothesis this is also supported by study done by (Aljaz Stare, 2011).
Our second hypothesis was empowered PMO plays a mediating role between organizational
culture and strategic initiative success. In order to check this we have applied the theory of
(Barren & Kenny, 1986) in which mediation is test through four steps and we have also checked
the mediation through Sobel test it supports our hypothesis that empowered PMO plays
mediating role between organizational culture and strategic initiative success. This is new thing
in literature and has not done before.
Our third hypothesis was skilled PMO leader’s affects strategic initiative success. Through our
results we conclude that skilled PMO leaders positively affect the strategic initiatives success.
Our results support the hypothesis this is also supported by study done by (Thomas Blomquist &
Ralf Muller, 2006).
Our fourth hypothesis was empowered PMO plays a mediating role between skilled PMO
leaders and strategic initiative success. Similarly we have applied the theory of (Barren &
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Kenny, 1986) in which mediation is test through four steps and we have also checked the
mediation through Sobel test it supports our hypothesis that empowered PMO plays mediating
role between skilled PMO leaders and strategic initiative success. This is new thing in literature
and has not done before.
Our fifth hypothesis was top management support affects strategic initiative success. Through
our results we conclude that top management support positively affects the strategic initiatives
success. Our results support the hypothesis this is also supported by study done by (Ofer
Zwikael, 2008).
Our sixth hypothesis was empower PMO plays a mediating role between top management
support and strategic initiative success. Similarly we have applied the theory of (Barren &
Kenny, 1986) in which mediation is test through four steps and we have also checked the
mediation through sobel test it supports our hypothesis that empowered PMO plays mediating
role between top management support and strategic initiative success. This is new thing in
literature and has not done before.
The results of statistical analysis shows that all the six hypothesis are acceptable and that three
independent variables (organizational culture, skilled PMO leaders and top management support)
have positive impact on dependent variable strategic initiative success. And PMO plays
mediating role between them.
The study also found that organizational culture, skilled PMO leaders and top management
support are very necessary and basic needs in any organization to empower PMO which helps to
achieve the strategic goal of an organization in Pakistan project environment as well.
5.5. Conclusion:
Based on research and survey being conducted that, Empowered PMO can drive business
initiatives to success, if PMO got skilled resource and TOP Management Support. Establishing
PMO in an organization is not just a solution to problem. It can only add value when it can
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understand business needs and well versed team of Program/Project Managers. It’s very
important that PMO should be directly reported to TOP Management, because this will help
them to get TOP Management support and involvement in Strategic decision making. If PMO is
empowered then it can help organization to achieve business initiatives success with proper
prioritization at every stage. Prioritization of projects is very important throughout the life cycle,
because every organization got resource limitations and other projects as well. So it’s very
important project get prioritized on the basis of KPIs, goals and objectives. These are also the
parameter to evaluate the Business initiatives. Once project are getting prioritized then focus and
resources will be well managed to achieve business initiatives success. This can be only possible
if a PMO team is well versed and skilled and then got Management Support as well. Because any
BIG decision making require TOP Management support. Organization cultures also play pivotal
role because it’s not just PMO who is responsible to achieved targets but it requires organization
wide support, collaboration and responsibility sharing.
Hence PMO should be established in organizations, which should have skilled team of
Portfolio/Program/Project Managers. PMO should always be directly reported to TOP
management so that they may have their support and plays vital role and act as Strategic
Alliance. This will help organization to get their business initiatives well evaluated before
execution and Resources are well managed. This will ultimately lead to success of Business
Initiatives.
5.6. Limitation of Study
This research was conducted with the sample selected from project based organization. Due to
time constraint the data collected from the respondents of Rawalpindi and Islamabad only.
Sixteen weeks for writing to complete the results affects the quality of research. Data collection
was also a serious issue because majority of respondent occupied by heir project work and
response from experience and executive seemed to b e low because of their non availability and
enough spare time. It was also difficult and time challenging to collect data from the respondent
physically so data was also collected via online that was slow and time consuming.
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5.7. Future Direction
During the research, I have visited a lot of companies in twin cities and was much disappointed
that they are only very few companies which got well established PMO organization. Whole
world is moving ahead and adopting Project Management Practices to stay in competition. There
a lot of challenges involved, few of them are resource limitations, aggressive deadlines to deliver
project, QoS and consistency to be on TOP. PMO can easily overcome these challenges but its
being observed companies are not much aware of value PMO can add up. My recommendation
will be, someone should work on these reasons which cause organization to don’t consider PMO.
Such factors should be identified and then solutions to those problems should be addressed.
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