Engineering Design BMCG3313
Subject Lecturer : Dr Mohd Nizam Bin Sudin
Group Supervisor : Ts. Dr. Mohd Hafidzal bin Mohd Hanafi
Group Members:
1. Muhammad Zakwan bin Mohd Zamri
2. Eilias Aiman bin Aripin
3. Mohamad Yusri Izani bin Md Isa
4. Hijrah Safwan bin Safani
2. Group Members
MOHAMAD YUSRI
IZANI BIN MD ISA
EILIAS AIMAN BIN
ARIPIN
HIJRAH SAFWAN BIN
SAFANI
MUHAMMAD ZAKWAN
BIN MOHD ZAMRI
B042010042 B042010019 B042010068 B042010135
3. INTRODUCTION
A technical advancement called a "waterwheel trash
collector" uses a waterwheel mechanism to
gather garbage and debris from rivers in order to
address the problem of water pollution
The negative effects of garbage and other pollutants
on the ecosystem, aquatic life, and populations
that depend on clean water are lessened thanks
to this creative approach.
The machine runs on its own, and the
waterwheel enables quick and accurate
navigation of the machine to remove rubbish
from difficult-to-reach places.
The ever-growing issue of river pollution may be
addressed with the help of this technology.
4. PROBLEM DEFINITION
River are essential natural resources that provide water for various use including
drinking.
River worldwide are increasingly polluted due to human activities.
The accumulation of trash and other debris in river can cause various environmental
and health hazards.
Traditional methods of river cleaning such as manual collection can be time
consuming and not very efficient.
Therefore, there is a need for an innovative and cost-effective solution to collect and
dispose of trash in rivers.
5. PRODUCT BENCHMARK
This product benchmarking compares the
specifications and features of waterwheel trash
collectors.
The purpose of product benchmarking is to
identify the strengths and weaknesses of each
product, and to provide recommendations for
improving the design and marketing of the
company's own product.
Based on our project, we determine
benchmarking by using house of quality (HOQ).
7. CUSTOMER
Municipalities and local governments
COMPETITORS
Local or regional contractors
CUSTOMER AND COMPETITORS
Environmental organizations
Research institutions and startups
8. RENTAL OR LEASE OPTIONS
• Provide rental or lease options for short-term use during events, festivals, or specific cleanup
initiatives.
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY
PARTNERSHIPS AND COLLABORATIONS
• Collaborate with local governments, environmental organizations,and waste management
companies to leverage their networks, expertise, and funding opportunities.
9. CUSTOMER REQUIREMENT
Easy To
Control
Speed Long Lasting
Non-
Polluting
Lightweight
Affordable
Price
Anti-
Corrosion
Excellent
Energy
Efficiency
Long Range
Moving
Safety for
Aquatic Life
11. CONSTRAINS
● Debris Removal: The trap should have a mechanism or design that allows for easy
removal of the collected debris. This could include features like a removable screen or a gate
that can be opened to release the accumulated trash.
● Cost and Budget: Consider the financial constraints associated with designing,
constructing, and maintaining the trash trap. Balance the desired functionality with the
available budget, ensuring an optimal solution that meets the necessary requirements
without exceeding cost limitations..
● Size and Capacity: The trash trap should be designed to handle the expected volume
and size of debris in the water source. The dimensions and capacity of the trap should be
suitable for the specific application and flow rate of the water.
12. PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATION
Criteria Specification
Control System Automated control with manual override capability
Motor Torque 3Nm
Durability Minimum 1 year
Recycling Unit Easy and convenient removal and disposal of collected trash
Weigh Minimum 7 kilograms of trash per collection
Production Cost RM 350
Material Selection Corrosion-resistant materials
Motor DC Motor
Power Battery 20,000 mAh
Environmental Condition Minimize impact on aquatic ecosystems and wildlife
13. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN (MORPHOLOGICAL CHART)
Component/Attribute Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
Moving System Thrusters Paddle Wheels Fans Paddle Wheels
Debris Collection
Method
Conveyor Belt Scoop Mechanism Net System Conveyor Belt
Navigation System GPS Sonar Sensors Camera System Camera
Power Source Solar Panel Battery Solar Panel Battery
Control Interface Joystick Smartphone App Remote Control Remote Control
Debris Disposal
Method
Waste Compactor Bagging System Recycling Unit Bagging system
Buoyancy Control Air-filled Foam-filled Adjustable Ballast Foam-filled
14. CONCEPT 1
• Propulsion System: Thrusters
• Debris Collection Method:
Conveyor Belt
• Navigation System: GPS
• Power Source: Solar Panels
• Control Interface: Joystick
• Debris Disposal Method:
Waste Compactor
• Buoyancy Control: Air-filled
16. CONCEPT 3
• Propulsion System: Fans
• Debris Collection Method: Net
System
• Navigation System: Camera
System
• Power Source: Solar Panel
• Control Interface: Remote Control
• Debris Disposal Method: Recycling
Unit
• Buoyancy Control: Adjustable
Ballast
17. CONCEPT 4
• Propulsion System: Paddle Wheels
• Debris Collection Method: Conveyor
Belt
• Navigation System: Camera
• Power Source: Battery
• Control Interface: Remote Control
• Debris Disposal Method: Bagging
System
• Buoyancy Control: Foam-filled
19. FINAL DESIGN
As the waterwheel rotates, floating debris is guided by the trapper
and transferred to a conveyor system. The conveyor consists of a
series of belts or chains with attached paddles that gently lift the
debris from the trapper and transport it to a designated collection
point. At the end of the conveyor system, a trash box is provided
to accumulate the collected debris. This storage area is equipped
with bagging system to collect waste . Periodically, the collected
debris can be removed and properly disposed.
Description
20. FUNCTION STRUCTURE
Control System Moving System
Debris
Collection
System
Sturcture and
Hull
Power Supply
Navigation
System
Safety and
Monitoring
25. ANALYSIS
Analysis is important step in the design process as it evaluate
the perfomance, safety, and reliability of a design, and identify
areas where the design can be improved, optimize the cost and
perfomance, ensure compliance with regulations and standrds,
and innovate new design and products in a simplified way
To analyze design, Ansys Workbench 2023 is used. The
purpose of analyzing design are specifed as follows :
To evaluate the Total Deformation
To evaluate Normal Stress
To evaluate Shear Elastic Strain
These criteria are important to ensure the product operate safely
and set the maximum load it can withstand before failing
26. CALCULATIONS
Calculate the power consumption for motors
Therefore, the battery capacity needed for the RC boat to run
for 1 hour is 0.675 Watt (W)
● (assuming the battery voltage matches the motor voltage)
Have 3 motors
● P = V*I
● P1 = 1.5V*0.15A
● P1 = 0.225 Watt
Calculate the battery capacity in milliamp-
hours (mAh)
● Capacity = 12A * 1 hours * 1000
● Capacity = 12,000 mAh
= 0.225 Watt x 3 motors
Total Power Consumption =0.675 Watt Therefore, the battery capacity needed for Water
Wheel Trash Trap with three motors, each rated at
0.15 A and 1.5V, to run for 1 hour is 12,000 mAh.
27. SAFETY FACTOR
• Let say, Maximum load for trash box is 70 kg
Object Name Safety Factor
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Safety Factor
By Time
Display Time Last
Separate Data by Entity No
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Integration Point Results
Display Option Averaged
Average Across Bodies No
Results
Minimum 3.4503
Minimum Occurs On Trash Box-FreeParts
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 1
Density 903.4 kg m^-3
Tensile Yield Strength 3.46e+007 Pa
Tensile Ultimate Strength 3.762e+007 Pa
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 9.909e-005 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 0.209 W m^-1 C^-1
Specific Heat 1600 J kg^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 1.e+016 ohm m
Electric Loss Tangent 2.e-004
Relative Permittivity 2.2
• Details of Plastic PP materials:
• Base on analysis using Ansys Workbench, by
applying 70 kg load for all surface of inside trash box,
it is found that factor of safety is 3.4503 which is
greater than 1, meaning that the part is safe.
28. MESH
Meshing is a process of dividing a model into small
elements to accurately represent the geometry of the
model. It is an important step in the finite element
analysis process as it helps to accurately represent the
physical behavior of the model
As mention, the mesh is specificied to:
Node: 19544
Elements: 10822
29. TOTAL DEFORMATION
To determine the maximum force that a product can withstand
before it fails. This helps to ensure that the product will be able
to withstand the pressure it will be subjected to during its
lifetime. It also helps to ensure that the product will not fail
prematurely due to excessive deformation. Additionally,
calculating total deformation help to identify potential weak
points in the product design that could lead to failure. This helps
to ensure that the product will be safe and reliable.
The result total deformation for applied pressure is as follows:
The maximum deformation is very minimal at each center of
the wall which is 8.9953x10-4 mm and have average of
1.4029x10-4 m deformation. Hence, it is durable and safe to
use.
30. SHEAR ELASTIC STRAIN
To measure shear force deformation. It measures material
strength and force before failure. Shear elastic strain can also
be used to compute the energy released when a material is
subjected to a shear force by measuring its stored energy.
The result shear elastic strain for applied pressure is as follows:
The maximum shear elastic strain is very minimal at all inside
surface of trash box which is 7.0963x10-3 m/m and have
average of 5.517x10-4 m/m . Hence, it is durable and safe to
use.
31. EQUIVALENT STRESS
To obtain amount of stress that a product can withstand before it
fails or breaks. Equivalent stress is important because it helps to
ensure that the product is able to withstand the normal forces
and stresses that it will be exposed to during its lifetime.
The result normal stress for applied pressure is as follows:
The maximum equivalent stress occurred at the edge of the
each wall. However the area covered very minimal and it still
withstand 0.51169 Pa of tensile stress. The maximum value
of stress is at compression state which gives value of
1.0028x107 Pa. Meanwhile, the average stress is at
compression state which gives value of 6.4823x105 Pa.
32. ● Minimize Part Count: Reduce the number of individual parts in the design as much as possible.
● Design for Standardization: Utilize standard parts and components wherever possible.
● Design for Safety: Incorporate safety features into the design, such as proper guards or fail-safe
mechanisms, to protect both the operators and the end-users of the waterwheel trash collector.
● Design for Sustainability: Consider the environmental impact of the manufacturing and assembly
processes.
● Design for Quality: Implement features that ensure high-quality assembly, such as self-aligning
parts or foolproof design elements that prevent incorrect assembly.
● Modular Design: Utilize a modular design approach, dividing the waterwheel trash collector into
sub-assemblies that can be manufactured and assembled independently.
● Design for Tooling: Consider the required tooling for manufacturing and assembly processes.
● Design for Ease of Manufacturability: Simplify the manufacturing process by designing
components that can be easily produced using standard manufacturing techniques.
DFMA
33. FMEA
Item/Proce
ss Step
Potential
Failure Mode
Potential
Effects of
Failure
Potential
Causes of
Failure
Current
Controls
Severity Occurrence Detection Risk Priority
Number
(RPN)
Waterwheel Damage to
blades
Reduced trash
collection
efficiency
Debris
jamming the
blades,
excessive
force
Regular
maintenance
and inspection
8 5 9 360
Drive
System
Motor failure Waterwheel
inoperable
Overheating,
electrical
malfunction
Regular motor
maintenance
9 3 9 243
Trash
Conveyor
Jammed
conveyor
Blockage of
trash flow
Debris
entanglement,
misalignment
Regular
cleaning and
inspection
7 6 8 336
Control
System
Software crash Loss of control
functions
Software bugs,
system
overload
Regular
software
updates
9 3 9 243
34. ● Safety Considerations :
The remote control system should incorporate safety features to protect both the operator and the environment.
Proper safety training and guidelines should be provided to operators to ensure safe operation.
● Ergonomics :
The design of the remote control device should take into account ergonomics to minimize operator fatigue and discomfort during
prolonged use. The device should be designed with appropriate button layouts, sizes, and tactile feedback to ensure comfortable
and efficient operation
● Maintenance :
Regular maintenance and repairs are essential for the smooth functioning of the river trash collector.. They ensure
that the collector remains in good working condition and can promptly address any technical issues.
● Environmental Considerations :
Humans need to be knowledgeable about the environmental impact of the river trash collector. Human operators
can make informed decisions to minimize these impacts and prioritize environmentally responsible collection
practices.
HUMAN FACTOR
