Design patterns for scaling web applications
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This document discusses various patterns for scaling web applications. It begins by describing single machine, two-tier, and multi-tier web application architectures. It then covers message bus and service-oriented architectures. The document discusses scaling up approaches like identifying bottlenecks, utilizing bottlenecks, adjusting non-bottlenecks, elevating bottlenecks, and reviewing processes. Specific scaling techniques covered include caching, threading and queues, and using content delivery networks.
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O novo comprador de imóveis o paradigma do mercado
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Design patterns for scaling web applications
- 2. Design patterns for scaling web applications SysAdmin Bulgaria meetup #01
- 3. Ivan Dimitrov Manager Technical Operations Xogito Group, Inc ivan.dimitrov@xogito.com
- 4. tl;dr Web application architecture Life’s too short for bad software - Lew Cirne
- 5. tl;dr Scalability patterns The only real problem is scaling. Everything else is a sub-problem. - O’Dell’s Axiom
- 6. Let’s start with hardware
- 7. Web application architecture ● Single machine web server ● Two-tier web application ● Multi-Tier application ● Message Bus architecture ● Service-Oriented architecture
- 8. Single machine web server
- 9. Single machine web server ● All in one server o Real IP o Web server o Application server o Database o Storage o Compute ● All in one server o Security problem o Shared CPU o Shared memory o SPOF o Maintenance = Downtime
- 10. Single machine web server
- 12. Two-tier web application ● Dedicated resources ● Multiple POF ● Internal network ● Maintenance = downtime ● Different hardware generations ● Expensive
- 13. Multi Tier web application
- 14. Multi-tier web application ● Separate responsibility to teams ● Most of security at first tier ● Independant scaling ● Front-end can talk with APIs internaly ● Every tier can have it’s own hardware requirements ● Global Load Balancer
- 17. Message Bus application ● Many to Many communication between servers ● Replaces constantly polling the database ● Asyncronious, not sorted ● Loosly coupled systems ● Support different hardware
- 20. Service Oriented Architecture ● Loosly coupled systems ● Service oriented company - small teams ● Can provide services to third parties ● Can subscribe to services from third parties
- 21. Scaling Up ● Bottleneck ● Measure Results ● Horizontal duplication ● Functional/Service split ● Lookup-oriented split ● Caching ● Data sharding ● Threading ● Queueing ● Content Delivery Networks
- 22. Theory of constraints ● Identify the Bottleneck ● Utilize the Bottleneck ● Adjust Non-Bottlenecks ● Elevate the Bottleneck ● Review the Process
- 23. Finding the bottleneck ● Accumulation ● Throughput ● Full Capacity ● Wait Times
- 24. Measure results
- 26. Caching cache hit ratio = cache lookups / cache hits ● Store most recent data ● Store most used data ● Store only repeatedly used data Cache invalidation - TTL
- 28. Threads and Queues ● Single thread process vs Multi thread process ● Queues FIFO, LIFO