This paper presents the design and analysis of the compact patch antenna for 5G and future generation millimetre-wave communication system. The proposed design consists of FR4 substrate length, width, and height of 21.37 x 5 x 1.59 mm3, besides two rectangular slots incorporated with a dimension of 0.2 x 2.6 mm2 within the patch of 4.22 x 3.46 mm2, to enhance the resonance frequency more accurate and one more square slot incorporated in to feed line with the dimension of 0.2 x 0.5 mm2. The obtained return losses of the design is-21.25dB with gain and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3.90dBi,1.18 by using a lumped port configuration. For the specific absorption rate (SAR) evaluation considered as a human head model in high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, the obtained values are within the standard limit, the design covers the frequency range of 28GHz, this design may capable of 5G and next-generation wireless communication system application.
2. ijece vibha raj_nag oct 12, 2017 edit septianIAESIJEECS
With advancement in communication technology over the past decade, there is an increasing demand for miniaturization, cost effective, multiband and wideband antennas. Dual band printed slot antenna designs can support in meeting these requirements. Various techniques, different shapes and geometries have been introduced for size reduction of dual band printed slot antennas. This paper is on various techniques for designing dual band printed slot antenna exhibits details of different geometries developed to get multiband behavior of printed slot antenna. In this paper geometry of the antenna and variousparameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot and VSWR plot are discussed. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by geometry on different shapes of printed slot antenna for 5G next generation wireless (NGW) mobile application are presented.
Design compact microstrap patch antenna with T-shaped 5G applicationjournalBEEI
This paper is presents a microstrap patch with a T-shaped rectangular antenna workings; the T-shaped patch operating at 3.6 GHz resonating frequency range for 5G application (from 2.9 to 4.4 GHz) repectively. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 22×24×0.25 mm3; the feeding technique using a 50 Ω feed line to the antenna. The proposed antenna is printed on compact Rogers RT 588 lz substrate having permittivity (ɛr) 2.00, loss tangent (tan δ) 0.0021, with thikness 0.2 mm. The proposed antenna introducesmany advantages like small size, low profile, and simpler structure. The characteristics such as radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, gain, current distribution, and radiation efficiency are respectively presented and discussed, using CST microwave study in simulating and analysing. Introducing a slot with a rectangular T-shaped patch antenna achieved lower frequency with 98.474% radiation efficiency and peak gain of the proposed antenna at 2.52 dB. The fractional bandwidth is 42.81% (2.90 GHz to 4.48 GHz) with a resonant frequency of 3.6 GHz and return loss at 28.76 dB. This frequency band attributessuited 5 G mobile application.
Design LTE Microstrip Antenna Rectangular Patch with Beetle-Shaped SlotTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, the microstrip antenna rectangular patch with beetle shaped slot is presented. The
characterization results of the proposed antenna obtained by changing the dimensions of the ground
plane. CST software is used to design and analyze this proposed antenna. The simulated results of
proposed antenna show that the antenna works at the frequency of 2.1 GHz while the return loss of -32.18
dB with the bandwidth reaches 155.19 MHz and the gain of 3.895 dBi.
High gain 5G MIMO antenna for mobile base stationIJECEIAES
This article presented a millimeter wave antenna which operated at 38 GHz for 5G mobile base station. The MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna consisted of 1x10 linear array configurations. The proposed antenna’s size was 88 x 98 mm^2 and printed on 1.575 mm-thick Rogers Duroid 5880 subsrate with dielectric constant of ε_r= 2.2 and loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.0009. The antenna array covered along the azimuth plane to provide the coverage to the users in omnidirection. The simulated results showed that the single element antenna had the reflection coefficient (S11) of -59 dB, less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 35.5 - 39.6 GHz. More than 4.1 GHz of impedance bandwidth was obtained. The gain of the antenna linear array was 17.8 dBi while the suppression of the side lobes was -2.7 dB. It showed a high array gain throughout the impedance bandwidth with overall of VSWR were below 1.0646. It designed using CST microwave studio.
Peripheral Slits Microstrip Antenna Using Log Periodic Technique for Digital ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper proposed a new design of log periodic microstrip antenna using peripheral slits for
dgital video broadcasting applications in DKI Jakarta. Applying peripheral slits can be reduced the
dimension of antenna up to 62.6% with its dimension 400 mm x 150 mm using 4 patches in different
frequencies. The patches are one another connected using log periodic technique. The measurement
results showed that the antenna was operating at frequency ranges of 450 MHz to800 MHz with
impedance bandwidth of 350 MHz, VSWR ≤ 2 and return loss ≤ -10dB. The proposed antenna could
receive 11 DVB stations with high definition quality pictureand only channel number 24, such as RCTI,
Global TV and MNC TV can not reveive signals as expected.
2. ijece vibha raj_nag oct 12, 2017 edit septianIAESIJEECS
With advancement in communication technology over the past decade, there is an increasing demand for miniaturization, cost effective, multiband and wideband antennas. Dual band printed slot antenna designs can support in meeting these requirements. Various techniques, different shapes and geometries have been introduced for size reduction of dual band printed slot antennas. This paper is on various techniques for designing dual band printed slot antenna exhibits details of different geometries developed to get multiband behavior of printed slot antenna. In this paper geometry of the antenna and variousparameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot and VSWR plot are discussed. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by geometry on different shapes of printed slot antenna for 5G next generation wireless (NGW) mobile application are presented.
Design compact microstrap patch antenna with T-shaped 5G applicationjournalBEEI
This paper is presents a microstrap patch with a T-shaped rectangular antenna workings; the T-shaped patch operating at 3.6 GHz resonating frequency range for 5G application (from 2.9 to 4.4 GHz) repectively. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 22×24×0.25 mm3; the feeding technique using a 50 Ω feed line to the antenna. The proposed antenna is printed on compact Rogers RT 588 lz substrate having permittivity (ɛr) 2.00, loss tangent (tan δ) 0.0021, with thikness 0.2 mm. The proposed antenna introducesmany advantages like small size, low profile, and simpler structure. The characteristics such as radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, gain, current distribution, and radiation efficiency are respectively presented and discussed, using CST microwave study in simulating and analysing. Introducing a slot with a rectangular T-shaped patch antenna achieved lower frequency with 98.474% radiation efficiency and peak gain of the proposed antenna at 2.52 dB. The fractional bandwidth is 42.81% (2.90 GHz to 4.48 GHz) with a resonant frequency of 3.6 GHz and return loss at 28.76 dB. This frequency band attributessuited 5 G mobile application.
Design LTE Microstrip Antenna Rectangular Patch with Beetle-Shaped SlotTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, the microstrip antenna rectangular patch with beetle shaped slot is presented. The
characterization results of the proposed antenna obtained by changing the dimensions of the ground
plane. CST software is used to design and analyze this proposed antenna. The simulated results of
proposed antenna show that the antenna works at the frequency of 2.1 GHz while the return loss of -32.18
dB with the bandwidth reaches 155.19 MHz and the gain of 3.895 dBi.
High gain 5G MIMO antenna for mobile base stationIJECEIAES
This article presented a millimeter wave antenna which operated at 38 GHz for 5G mobile base station. The MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna consisted of 1x10 linear array configurations. The proposed antenna’s size was 88 x 98 mm^2 and printed on 1.575 mm-thick Rogers Duroid 5880 subsrate with dielectric constant of ε_r= 2.2 and loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.0009. The antenna array covered along the azimuth plane to provide the coverage to the users in omnidirection. The simulated results showed that the single element antenna had the reflection coefficient (S11) of -59 dB, less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 35.5 - 39.6 GHz. More than 4.1 GHz of impedance bandwidth was obtained. The gain of the antenna linear array was 17.8 dBi while the suppression of the side lobes was -2.7 dB. It showed a high array gain throughout the impedance bandwidth with overall of VSWR were below 1.0646. It designed using CST microwave studio.
Peripheral Slits Microstrip Antenna Using Log Periodic Technique for Digital ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper proposed a new design of log periodic microstrip antenna using peripheral slits for
dgital video broadcasting applications in DKI Jakarta. Applying peripheral slits can be reduced the
dimension of antenna up to 62.6% with its dimension 400 mm x 150 mm using 4 patches in different
frequencies. The patches are one another connected using log periodic technique. The measurement
results showed that the antenna was operating at frequency ranges of 450 MHz to800 MHz with
impedance bandwidth of 350 MHz, VSWR ≤ 2 and return loss ≤ -10dB. The proposed antenna could
receive 11 DVB stations with high definition quality pictureand only channel number 24, such as RCTI,
Global TV and MNC TV can not reveive signals as expected.
5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna IJECEIAES
5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚.
Bandwidth Improvement of UWB Microstrip Antenna Using Finite Ground PlaneIJERA Editor
Microstrip antennas play a vital role in communication system. It is required in high performance wireless applications. But due to its resonant nature microstrip antennas have some considerable drawbacks like narrowband performance. Extensive study has been carried out on microstrip patch antennas in the recent past, but it still have large scope for improvement in the near future. To overcome narrow bandwidth problem, number of methods and techniques have been suggested and investigated, keeping in mind that the basic advantages of microstrip antenna should not be altered such as low profile, light weight, low cost and simple printed circuit structure. The area of investigation includes modification in geometrical shape of the antenna, use of resonators, use of dipole, and many other parameters. This paper presents a comparison between conventional microstrip antenna and microstip antenna with finite ground plane at ultra wideband. HFSS simulation tool is used here for antenna simulation. For feeding purpose microstrip feed line is used (50Ω). Optimized result provides impedance bandwidth of 7.2GHz with VSWR<2, operating frequency range is from 6.5GHz to 13.7GHz. Proposed antenna is useful for many ultra wideband applications. =
Characteristics MIMO 2x4 Antenna for 5G Communication SystemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the characteristic MIMO 2x4 antenna for 5G communication system. The
proposed antenna works at 28 GHz and simulated by using CST simulation software. The antenna uses
RT Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2. The MIMO antenna consists of eight elements
with rectangular patches and inset feeding. Thedimension of patch (Wp x Lp) is 6 mm x 8 mm. There are
three (3) antenna configurations derived in this paper such as; single element, 1x4 elements and 2x4
elements. The MIMO 1x4 elements antenna configuration is designed based on the single element
antenna with the distance between center to center elements antennas of 5 mm. The MIMO 2x4 antenna
is formed from the MIMO 1x4 element configuration with the opposite direction. The 2x4 element antenna,
a distance between opposite antenna elements is 10 mm. From the simulation results, it is shown that by
increasing the number elements of antenna affect to the directivity and the return loss. Antenna with 2x4
elements has 14 dBi of directivity with the return loss of -19 dB. While antenna with 1x4 elements, the
directivity obtained is 14.3 dBi with return loss of -18 dB.
A Compact Wideband Monopole Antenna using Single Open Loop Resonator for Wire...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel single layer, microstrip line fed compact wideband monopole antenna using open loop resonator has been designed and analyzed. The proposed antenna occupies a compact size of only 30 36.5 1.6 mm3. A partial ground plane is employed to enhance the operating bandwidth and reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna. The variations in operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be easily controlled by properly adjusting the position of the gap in the open loop resonator.The antenna prototype is fabricated on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant 4.2. In this design, the antenna exhibits 10dB wide impedance bandwidth of 61% from 2.0174 to 3.7903 GHz.The antenna can be easily fed using a 50 Ω microstrip feed line and it covers the bandwidth requirements of a number of modern wireless communication systems such as IEEE 502.11b WLAN band (2.4 2.5 GHz), extended UMTS (2.5 2.69 GHz), IMT (2.7 2.9 GHz), and IEEE 802.16 Wi MAX band (3.3 3.6 GHz) applications. The desired antenna is designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). An extensive analysis of the antenna parameters (reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, directivity, and VSWR) including surface current distributions is presented and discussed in this paper. Good agreement between simulated and measured result is obtained.
In the present paper a circular slot rectangular microstrip loaded antenna is proposed. The obtained bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna is improved up to 46.92%. The proposed antenna has frequency band in the frequency range 1.979 GHz to 3.192 GHz this frequency band is suitable for WLAN / WiMAX and other wireless communication applications. The microstrip antenna suffers from narrow bandwidth hence the present work provide an alternative solution to increase the bandwidth. The gain has been improved up to 4.68dBi and antenna efficiency is 97.63%. The proposed slot loaded Microstrip antenna is fed by 0.3 mm line feed. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D Zealand simulation software based on method of moments.
Substrate integrate waveguide and microstrip antennas at 28 GHzjournalBEEI
In this paper, two antennas are designed using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip technology at 28 GHz. Parametric study for both antennas is presented to demonstrate the performance at millimeter wave frequency for wireless communication network (5G application). Roger RT5880 substrates with permittivity 2.2 and loss tangent 0.0009 are used to implement the antennas with two thicknesses of 0.508 mm and 0.127 mm respectively. Both antennas have the same size of substrate 12x12 mm with a full ground plane was used. Structures designs have been done by using computer simulation technology (CST). The simulation results showed that the antenna with SIW and roger RT 5880 substrate thickness 0.508 has better performance in term of return loss and radiation pattern than the microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz. A return loss more than -10 dB and the gain are 6.4 dB obtained with wide bandwidth range of (27.4-28.7) GHz. This proving to increase the realized gain by implementing SIW at millimeter wave band for 5G application network.
Design and Analysis of MIMO Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication SystemsIJCNCJournal
In this work, the circular array microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design is proposed for the 5G wireless communication and the millimeter- wave frequency being utilized for this communication system to enhance the coverage area. Here, the Multi Input Multi Output feeding technique is utilized to improve the performance of the proposed design at a resonant frequency of 35 GHz with RT-Duroid 5880 material as substrate. It has 2.2 dielectric constant value and the thickness is 0.5mm.The simulation analysis has obtained the gain as 8.8dB and return loss as -41.9dB. Also, two MPA designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA are designed to validate the proposed antenna design. A comparative analysis has proved that the circular array MPA is preferable for the 5G wireless communication system compared to the other two designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MIMO PATCH ANTENNA FOR 5G WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSIJCNCJournal
In this work, the circular array microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design is proposed for the 5G wireless
communication and the millimeter- wave frequency being utilized for this communication system to
enhance the coverage area. Here, the Multi Input Multi Output feeding technique is utilized to improve the
performance of the proposed design at a resonant frequency of 35 GHz with RT-Duroid 5880 material as
substrate. It has 2.2 dielectric constant value and the thickness is 0.5mm.The simulation analysis has
obtained the gain as 8.8dB and return loss as -41.9dB. Also, two MPA designs such as single element MPA
and 2x2 rectangular array MPA are designed to validate the proposed antenna design. A comparative
analysis has proved that the circular array MPA is preferable for the 5G wireless communication system
compared to the other two designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA.
A new miniaturized wideband self-isolated two-port MIMO antenna for 5G millim...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Nowadays, millimeter-wave frequencies present a catchy solution to securing the colossal data rate needed for 5G communications. Accordingly, this research deals with the conception of a novel orthogonal 2×2 multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antenna design operating in the millimeter wave spectrum with quite small dimensions of 11×6×0.8 mm3. The single antenna element consists of a trapezoidal microstrip patch antenna built on the Rogers RT5880 laminate with a permittivity of 2.2 and tangent loss of 0.0009. A trapezoidal-slot ground plane is used to support the structure. The antenna resonates at 28 GHz with a large bandwidth of 4 GHz from 26 to 30 GHz, a good gain of up to 5 dB, and a high radiation efficiency of 99%. A strong isolation is achieved that surpasses 26 dB. Besides, a high diversity performance is achieved where the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is lower than 0.001, the diversity gain (DG) is greater than 10 dB, and the channel capacity loss (CCL) is no longer than 0.4 bit/s/Hz. The achieved outcomes prove the robustness of the suggested MIMO antenna and qualify it to be a strong candidate for 5G wireless devices.
This paper presented the design of MIMO 1x8 antenna operating at 38 GHz for future 5G applications. The antenna used the Rogers RT / duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.787 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2. This antenna has 1x8 elements with 13.4 dBi of gain and the return loss of -15.76 dB. It has approximately 1.294 GHz bandwidth within the range of 37.485 GHz-38.779 GHz. The comparison performances between both antennas MIMO 1x4 and 1x8 are also discussed. It is shown that both radiation patterns are similar. The increasing number of elements affect to the gain and frequency. The proposed antenna meets the 5G requirements.
A New Planar Multiband Antenna for GPS, ISM and WiMAX Applications IJECEIAES
In this paper a design of a new antenna with modified ground plane is validated for multiband applications. The proposed modified ground structure is incorporated with a patch antenna to boost the performance. The antenna’s entire area is 59.5x47mm 2 and is printed on an FR-4 substrate and fed by a 50 Ohm microstrip line. This structure is validated in the GPS (1.56-1.58 GHz) band at 1.57 GHz, in the ISM (2.43-2.49 GHz) band at 2.45GHz and in the WiMAX (3.50-3.56 GHz) band at 3.53 GHz. These three frequency bands have good matching input impedance for, S11≤-10 dB. The antenna presents a good performance in terms of radiation pattern, and it is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using CST-MW whose results are compared with other solvers HFSS and ADS. The results obtained by the use of the three EM solvers are in good agreement. After realization, we have tested and validated this antenna. The measurement results of the antenna present a good agreement with the numerical results.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductorjournalBEEI
The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna IJECEIAES
5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚.
Bandwidth Improvement of UWB Microstrip Antenna Using Finite Ground PlaneIJERA Editor
Microstrip antennas play a vital role in communication system. It is required in high performance wireless applications. But due to its resonant nature microstrip antennas have some considerable drawbacks like narrowband performance. Extensive study has been carried out on microstrip patch antennas in the recent past, but it still have large scope for improvement in the near future. To overcome narrow bandwidth problem, number of methods and techniques have been suggested and investigated, keeping in mind that the basic advantages of microstrip antenna should not be altered such as low profile, light weight, low cost and simple printed circuit structure. The area of investigation includes modification in geometrical shape of the antenna, use of resonators, use of dipole, and many other parameters. This paper presents a comparison between conventional microstrip antenna and microstip antenna with finite ground plane at ultra wideband. HFSS simulation tool is used here for antenna simulation. For feeding purpose microstrip feed line is used (50Ω). Optimized result provides impedance bandwidth of 7.2GHz with VSWR<2, operating frequency range is from 6.5GHz to 13.7GHz. Proposed antenna is useful for many ultra wideband applications. =
Characteristics MIMO 2x4 Antenna for 5G Communication SystemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the characteristic MIMO 2x4 antenna for 5G communication system. The
proposed antenna works at 28 GHz and simulated by using CST simulation software. The antenna uses
RT Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2. The MIMO antenna consists of eight elements
with rectangular patches and inset feeding. Thedimension of patch (Wp x Lp) is 6 mm x 8 mm. There are
three (3) antenna configurations derived in this paper such as; single element, 1x4 elements and 2x4
elements. The MIMO 1x4 elements antenna configuration is designed based on the single element
antenna with the distance between center to center elements antennas of 5 mm. The MIMO 2x4 antenna
is formed from the MIMO 1x4 element configuration with the opposite direction. The 2x4 element antenna,
a distance between opposite antenna elements is 10 mm. From the simulation results, it is shown that by
increasing the number elements of antenna affect to the directivity and the return loss. Antenna with 2x4
elements has 14 dBi of directivity with the return loss of -19 dB. While antenna with 1x4 elements, the
directivity obtained is 14.3 dBi with return loss of -18 dB.
A Compact Wideband Monopole Antenna using Single Open Loop Resonator for Wire...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel single layer, microstrip line fed compact wideband monopole antenna using open loop resonator has been designed and analyzed. The proposed antenna occupies a compact size of only 30 36.5 1.6 mm3. A partial ground plane is employed to enhance the operating bandwidth and reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna. The variations in operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be easily controlled by properly adjusting the position of the gap in the open loop resonator.The antenna prototype is fabricated on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant 4.2. In this design, the antenna exhibits 10dB wide impedance bandwidth of 61% from 2.0174 to 3.7903 GHz.The antenna can be easily fed using a 50 Ω microstrip feed line and it covers the bandwidth requirements of a number of modern wireless communication systems such as IEEE 502.11b WLAN band (2.4 2.5 GHz), extended UMTS (2.5 2.69 GHz), IMT (2.7 2.9 GHz), and IEEE 802.16 Wi MAX band (3.3 3.6 GHz) applications. The desired antenna is designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). An extensive analysis of the antenna parameters (reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, directivity, and VSWR) including surface current distributions is presented and discussed in this paper. Good agreement between simulated and measured result is obtained.
In the present paper a circular slot rectangular microstrip loaded antenna is proposed. The obtained bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna is improved up to 46.92%. The proposed antenna has frequency band in the frequency range 1.979 GHz to 3.192 GHz this frequency band is suitable for WLAN / WiMAX and other wireless communication applications. The microstrip antenna suffers from narrow bandwidth hence the present work provide an alternative solution to increase the bandwidth. The gain has been improved up to 4.68dBi and antenna efficiency is 97.63%. The proposed slot loaded Microstrip antenna is fed by 0.3 mm line feed. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D Zealand simulation software based on method of moments.
Substrate integrate waveguide and microstrip antennas at 28 GHzjournalBEEI
In this paper, two antennas are designed using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip technology at 28 GHz. Parametric study for both antennas is presented to demonstrate the performance at millimeter wave frequency for wireless communication network (5G application). Roger RT5880 substrates with permittivity 2.2 and loss tangent 0.0009 are used to implement the antennas with two thicknesses of 0.508 mm and 0.127 mm respectively. Both antennas have the same size of substrate 12x12 mm with a full ground plane was used. Structures designs have been done by using computer simulation technology (CST). The simulation results showed that the antenna with SIW and roger RT 5880 substrate thickness 0.508 has better performance in term of return loss and radiation pattern than the microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz. A return loss more than -10 dB and the gain are 6.4 dB obtained with wide bandwidth range of (27.4-28.7) GHz. This proving to increase the realized gain by implementing SIW at millimeter wave band for 5G application network.
Design and Analysis of MIMO Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication SystemsIJCNCJournal
In this work, the circular array microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design is proposed for the 5G wireless communication and the millimeter- wave frequency being utilized for this communication system to enhance the coverage area. Here, the Multi Input Multi Output feeding technique is utilized to improve the performance of the proposed design at a resonant frequency of 35 GHz with RT-Duroid 5880 material as substrate. It has 2.2 dielectric constant value and the thickness is 0.5mm.The simulation analysis has obtained the gain as 8.8dB and return loss as -41.9dB. Also, two MPA designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA are designed to validate the proposed antenna design. A comparative analysis has proved that the circular array MPA is preferable for the 5G wireless communication system compared to the other two designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MIMO PATCH ANTENNA FOR 5G WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSIJCNCJournal
In this work, the circular array microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design is proposed for the 5G wireless
communication and the millimeter- wave frequency being utilized for this communication system to
enhance the coverage area. Here, the Multi Input Multi Output feeding technique is utilized to improve the
performance of the proposed design at a resonant frequency of 35 GHz with RT-Duroid 5880 material as
substrate. It has 2.2 dielectric constant value and the thickness is 0.5mm.The simulation analysis has
obtained the gain as 8.8dB and return loss as -41.9dB. Also, two MPA designs such as single element MPA
and 2x2 rectangular array MPA are designed to validate the proposed antenna design. A comparative
analysis has proved that the circular array MPA is preferable for the 5G wireless communication system
compared to the other two designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA.
A new miniaturized wideband self-isolated two-port MIMO antenna for 5G millim...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Nowadays, millimeter-wave frequencies present a catchy solution to securing the colossal data rate needed for 5G communications. Accordingly, this research deals with the conception of a novel orthogonal 2×2 multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antenna design operating in the millimeter wave spectrum with quite small dimensions of 11×6×0.8 mm3. The single antenna element consists of a trapezoidal microstrip patch antenna built on the Rogers RT5880 laminate with a permittivity of 2.2 and tangent loss of 0.0009. A trapezoidal-slot ground plane is used to support the structure. The antenna resonates at 28 GHz with a large bandwidth of 4 GHz from 26 to 30 GHz, a good gain of up to 5 dB, and a high radiation efficiency of 99%. A strong isolation is achieved that surpasses 26 dB. Besides, a high diversity performance is achieved where the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is lower than 0.001, the diversity gain (DG) is greater than 10 dB, and the channel capacity loss (CCL) is no longer than 0.4 bit/s/Hz. The achieved outcomes prove the robustness of the suggested MIMO antenna and qualify it to be a strong candidate for 5G wireless devices.
This paper presented the design of MIMO 1x8 antenna operating at 38 GHz for future 5G applications. The antenna used the Rogers RT / duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.787 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2. This antenna has 1x8 elements with 13.4 dBi of gain and the return loss of -15.76 dB. It has approximately 1.294 GHz bandwidth within the range of 37.485 GHz-38.779 GHz. The comparison performances between both antennas MIMO 1x4 and 1x8 are also discussed. It is shown that both radiation patterns are similar. The increasing number of elements affect to the gain and frequency. The proposed antenna meets the 5G requirements.
A New Planar Multiband Antenna for GPS, ISM and WiMAX Applications IJECEIAES
In this paper a design of a new antenna with modified ground plane is validated for multiband applications. The proposed modified ground structure is incorporated with a patch antenna to boost the performance. The antenna’s entire area is 59.5x47mm 2 and is printed on an FR-4 substrate and fed by a 50 Ohm microstrip line. This structure is validated in the GPS (1.56-1.58 GHz) band at 1.57 GHz, in the ISM (2.43-2.49 GHz) band at 2.45GHz and in the WiMAX (3.50-3.56 GHz) band at 3.53 GHz. These three frequency bands have good matching input impedance for, S11≤-10 dB. The antenna presents a good performance in terms of radiation pattern, and it is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using CST-MW whose results are compared with other solvers HFSS and ADS. The results obtained by the use of the three EM solvers are in good agreement. After realization, we have tested and validated this antenna. The measurement results of the antenna present a good agreement with the numerical results.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductorjournalBEEI
The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MILLIMETREWAVE COMMUNICATION AND ITS SAR EVALUATION
1. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.7, No.1, January 2021
DOI: 10.5121/jant.2021.7102 15
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR SLOT
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MILLIMETRE-
WAVE COMMUNICATION AND ITS SAR
EVALUATION
B.V.Naik1, 2
, Debojyoti Nath3
, Rina Sharma1,2
1
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110012, India
2
Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
3
Department of Electronic Sciences, University of Delhi, South
Campus, New Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the design and analysis of the compact patch antenna for 5G and future generation
millimetre-wave communication system. The proposed design consists of FR4 substrate length, width, and
height of 21.37 x 5 x 1.59 mm3
, besides two rectangular slots incorporated with a dimension of 0.2 x 2.6
mm2
within the patch of 4.22 x 3.46 mm2
, to enhance the resonance frequency more accurate and one more
square slot incorporated in to feed line with the dimension of 0.2 x 0.5 mm2
. The obtained return losses of
the design is-21.25dB with gain and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3.90dBi,1.18 by using a
lumped port configuration. For the specific absorption rate (SAR) evaluation considered as a human head
model in high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, the obtained values are within the standard
limit, the design covers the frequency range of 28GHz, this design may capable of 5G and next-generation
wireless communication system application.
KEYWORDS
Patch antenna, SAR, Rectangular slot, Human head model
1. INTRODUCTION
There are tremendous changes has been observed in mobile communication since last few
decades, the mobile devices and connections are not only getting smarter in their computing
capabilities but also evaluating lower generation network connectivity technologies i.e.1G, 2G to
higher generation technology (3G, 3.5G, and 4G or LTE) [1,2]. The first generation technology
pertained to voice transmission services only were highly incompatible with related services it
was introduced in the early 1980s[2], the second-generation wireless cellular mobile technology
was planned for voice transmission with digital data transfer and the data transfer rate up to 64
kbps. This technology ahead of 1G services by providing the facilitate short message services
(SMS) and lower speed data such as CDMA2000, the second generation technology deploying
GSM services, Global system for mobile communication uses digital modulation schemes to
improve the voice quality but network offers limited data services and the second generation
carriers continued to improve the transmission quality and coverage, also, it began to offer text
message services, voicemail, and fax service.
In the 2.5 generation technology introduced General packet radio services (GPRS)[1-3], it
2. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.7, No.1, January 2021
16
implies packet-switched data capabilities to existing GSM services and also it allows to user can
send graphical data as packets, the importance of the packet switching increased with rising of
internet and internet protocol (IP),3rd generation technology based on wideband wireless
evolution intends to mobile telephone customer to use audio, graphics, and video application data
transfer rate up to 200 kbps. This technology enhances the clarity and speed of the network up to
megabits per second, for the Smartphone and mobile modems in laptop computers. Fourth-
generation technology brought in Long Term Evaluation (LTE), this technology comes under
3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) Standard it fulfils (International
Telecommunication Unit) ITU, (International Mobile Telecommunication) IMT -Advanced
broadband network, the data transfer rate of the technology up to 1 Gbps and the 4G provides
better than TV quality images, video-links. Furthermore, to enhance the data speed, it is predicted
that the commercial deployment of fifth-generation (5G) systems will be approximately in the
early 2020s [4]. To meet the increasing need for even higher data rates required in future
applications (such as wireless broadband connections, massive machine-type communications,
and highly reliable networks), the research activities on 5G mobile communication systems have
started [5,6]. The microstrip antenna has several advantages compared to conventional
microwave antennas some of them are lightweight, low volume and thin profile configurations,
which can be made conformal, low fabrication cost, readily amenable to mass production, linear
and circular polarizations are possible with simple feed, dual-frequency and dual-polarization
antennas can be easily made, no cavity back is required, can be easily integrated with microwave
integrated circuits [7].
In the existing present wireless communication world antennas are needed to assure some
security of the human body from the electromagnetic radiation for that some of the protecting and
guiding organization federal communication commission (FCC), European international electro
technical commission (IEC) and IEEE 1528 has set the safety limit of 1.6W/kg absorbed by 1-
gram tissue and 2W/kg for 10-gram of tissue.
2. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE PATCH ANTENNA
Geometry consists of FR-4 epoxy substrate dimensions of width, length and height are 5 x
21.37mm2
x 1.59 mm with an epsilon value and the loss tangent of 4.4, 0.017. The design Fed by
a microstrip transmission line, and the ground plane made of conducting material i.e., copper.
The patch consists width and length of 4.22 x 3.46 with two rectangular slots dimensions of 0.2 x
2.6 mm2
, to enhance resonance one more square 0.2 x 0.5 mm2
dimension feed slot incorporated
to the patch. The considerable height of the patch is smaller than the wavelength of operation, the
proposed design resonate frequency is 28 GHz, as per design the detailed dimensions are given in
Table 1 with respective the Fig.1
Figure 1: The geometry of the Rectangular Slot patch antenna
3. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.7, No.1, January 2021
17
Table 1. Dimensions of the Rectangular slot Microstrip patch antenna
Parameters
Dimensions
in (mm)
Substrate Width 5
Substrate Length 21.37
Height of Substrate (ht) 1.59
Patch Length (Pl) 3.46
Patch Width (PW) 4.22
Slot Width(W slot) 0.2
Slot Length (L slot) 2.6
Between Slot Distance (w1) 2.4
Fedd line (Fwx l ) 0.2,0.5
w2, w3 1.58,1.05
w4, w5 0.37,0.91
w6 1.19
l1, l2, 0.65,0.50
l3, l4 2.1,8.37
3. MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS OF THE PATCH ANTENNA
To verify the design approaches, the proposed antenna fabricated and measured. The proposed
microstrip patch antenna is designed in Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The
return losses and voltage standing wave ratio are measured in VNA as shown in Fig. 2 and Near
field and the far-field radiation pattern is reported in Fig. 4, as shown in Fig. 2 the simulated and
measured return loss plot which shows that resonance frequency of 28 GHz (7%)[8], which is in
good agreement with the simulated results having a resonance at 28 GHz (6.7%). The little
versions in simulated and measured results are due to the manufacturing allowance and binding
of SMA connector using a conductive adhesive, return loss for covering 5G millimetre wave
applications [9-28] is higher than −10dB. The proposed design antenna return loss is -22.21dB,as
shown Fig.2, as well as section A and B, describes the effect of incorporated slots and the
parametric analysis slot width, length variation with respective slot as shown Fig.3a,b.
Figure 2: Return Loss of proposed antenna at 28GHz
4. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.7, No.1, January 2021
18
A. Effect of Incorporated Slot
Incorporating the additional slots to patch the antenna behaviour has been changing i.e.
enhancing the return loss and impedance matching, when there were no additional slots present
on rectangle patch the antenna shows a non-resonance behaviour at the desired frequency, with
increasing the additional slots on the rectangular patch to enhances the matching condition of the
antenna, the patch resonating at 23 GHz to 25GHz to bring the response at the desired frequency
at 28GHz.Further, one more slot incorporated on the rectangular patch. the slot width and length
variations with respect resonance as given in section B
B. Parametric Analysis
Parametric analysis is one of the important analysis to determine the optimized results at desired
resonance, the proposed antenna slot width variation from Wslot= 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm, slot length
variation is Lslot= 1 mm to 2.6 mm from this observation resonance varies with respective return
loss it is reported in Fig.3a, b.
As shown in Fig. 3a describes the variation of slots width with constant length of 2.6mm when
increasing slot width values from 0.02mm to 0.2mm the resonance frequency shifts towards the
desired response whenever increasing the further value of 0.2mm we acquired resonance at 28
GHz, as well as in the Fig.3b demonstrates the slot width keeping constant at 0.2mm, meanwhile
slot length varies at 1mm to 2.6mm, from the 1mm to 2.2mm the resonance range from 27 to 30
GHz unmatching condition hence there is no desired response so that whenever increasing the
further value of 2.6mm the resonance response and impedance matching was enhanced at 28
GHz.
Figure 3(a) : slot width varies with constant slot length
5. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.7, No.1, January 2021
19
Figure 3(b): slot length varies with a constant slot width
Figure 4(a): Measured and Simulated Radiation pattern
From the above plot, it describes antenna gain versus angle of phi in spherical coordinate from 0
to 360, this values on the perimeter of the circle while the values inside the circle such as -14dB
to 0dB are radiation intensity values (gain), so we can observe that at phi =0 degrees simulated
gain is approx. 3.9dBi and the measured value is approx.3dBi, both values should be quite similar
at 28 GHz frequency.
6. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.7, No.1, January 2021
20
Figure 4(b): Measured and Simulated far-field Radiation pattern
As shown figure 4b demonstrate that the values on the perimeter of the circle are angle values
from 0 to 360 degree for phi, while the values inside the circle such as -20 dB, -15 dB,-10dB,-
5dB, 0dB, and 5 dB are the radiation intensity values (gain), the measured value is approx. 3.5dBi
and simulated value approx. 3.9dBi at phi=0 degree, the high gain compact microstrip patch
antenna reported in [29], both values are rather similar at 28GHz resonance, but phi at 75, degree
radiation intensity of simulated value is -20dB and the measured value is approx.-17.5dB at phi
60 degree, same way phi at 300 degrees simulated value is -20 dB and the measured value is
approx. -16.5dB, from this observation the both, are not identical but quite similar
Figure 5: A fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna
Figure 6: a prototype of the radiation pattern measurement setup
7. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.7, No.1, January 2021
21
From the above figure, 6 reports measurement prototype of the radiation pattern, from the RF
signal generator selected frequency of 28 GHz with 0 dB power and it fed up to waveguide
adapter, it acts as a transmitter and the second end connected microstrip antenna to the 40 GHz
R&S FSV40 signal and spectrum analyzer. In the antenna under test waveguide to coaxial
adapter keeping constant microstrip antenna position changing with respective distance and phi,
theta 0 to 360-degree rotation from 1 meter to 7-meter range. This experiment was done in an
indoor environment with a noise level below -70 dBm (direct antenna gain method)
C. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Analysis
SAR is the unit of measurement for the RF energy absorbed by any biological tissue (human
body) when we use wireless devices, SAR values are measured in W/kg. In this analysis, human
head modal has been stimulated in HFSS software at the 28GHz, fed by monopole antenna with
proposed design [24] .as per IEEE 1528
𝑆𝐴𝑅 =
𝜎𝐸2
𝑀
(1)
Where σ is the conductivity of the tissue, E is the electric field, M is the mass density of the
tissue
Figure 7(a): Simulated SAR of the proposed antenna with 1 gram biological tissue
As per IEEE/ANSI C63.19 standard, SAR safer limit value should be 1.6 W/kg for any 1g
biological tissue, in the above figure describes SAR value with the limited about 0.5<1.6W/kg
Figure 7(b): Simulated SAR of the proposed antenna with 10-gram biological tissue
8. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.7, No.1, January 2021
22
As per the IEEE 1528 standard safer limit of SAR is 2W/kg for any 10g biological tissue, in the
above figure demonstrates that the max value of SAR is within the limit of 0.9<2W/kg.
4. CONCLUSION
This paper portrays the rectangular slot microstrip patch antenna design and analysis has been
investigated, various parameters in the design of the antenna are optimized and optimum design
is reported. The proposed antenna return loss is -21.25 dB The VSWR of the antenna is 1.18 with
7% bandwidth. The intended antenna structure delineated a gain of 3.90 dBi and SAR
investigated results for 1g,10g biological tissue limits are within standard range so, this antenna
may find its suitability in future 5G-6G millimetre wave application.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors would like to thank Dr S. K. Dubey for the lab facility, Dr D. K. Aswal, Director CSIR-
National Physical Laboratory, for their constant motivation and support throughout this work,and
CSIR-HRDG.
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AUTHORS
Mr Bhukya Venkanna Naik received his B.Tech.(Electronics and Communication
Engineering) from the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. He
worked as a Hardware Design Engineer in Electronics Corporation of India Limited
Hyderabad. Currently, he is member of IEEE MTT-S, Antenna and Propagation Society
Member since 2017, and working toward the PhD degree in RF and Microwave
Engineering at the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-
NPL, New Delhi, India
Dr Rina Sharma received M.Sc. in physics from DAV College Muzaffarnagar, Meerut
University in 1983. she obtained M.Tech, PhD in Solid-State Physics from IIT Delhi.
Currently, She is Sr. Principal Scientist and Head HRD, Co-Ordinator of AcSIR at
CSIR National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India.