Desalination
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Desalination is the process of removing salt and minerals from saline water to produce fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. It involves pre-treating saline water from oceans to remove particles, then using reverse osmosis membranes to separate dissolved minerals and salts from the water. The fresh water is then conditioned and disinfected before being distributed. Desalination provides clean drinking water but has disadvantages such as high costs, environmental impacts from waste and chemicals, large land use, and high energy consumption.
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Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
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Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyEvolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
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Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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Desalination
- 1. DESALINATION MUHAMMAD AIMAN FARHAN BIN IDRIS 55102215029 DR. AMELIA BINTI MD SOM
- 2. DEFINITION • Desalination can be defined as the process that removes minerals from saline water • Desalination refers to the removal of salts from the seawater. • Saltwater is desalinated to produce water suitable for human consumption or irrigation.
- 3. What is saline water? • Water that is saline that is contains significant amount of dissolved salts. • In this case, the concentration is the amount of salt in water and expressed in ‘part per million’ • Commonly, ocean water contains about 35,000 ppm of salt Seawater Salt Saline water
- 4. PARAMETERS FOR SALINE WATER Fresh water - less than 1,000 ppm Slightly saline water – from 1,000 to 3,000 ppm Moderately saline water – From 3.000 to 10,000 ppm Highly saline water – From 10,000 to 35,000 ppm
- 8. WORKING PRINCIPLE Saltwater from the ocean water is sucked through the pipeline. Pre treatment where filters remove suspended salts and other particles that would interfere with the desalting process. Reverse osmosis membranes separate dissolved minerals including salts and other impurities from the water. At the same time, leftover high salinity water discharged as brine. Conditioning and disinfection where the minerals and chemicals are added to ensure reduce water meets health aesthetic and anti- corrosion standards Drinking water that can be readily consumed by human.
- 12. ADVANTAGES OF DESALINATION • Clean and fresh drinking water. • The water quality is safe. • It provides people with potable water. • It serves water to agricultural industry.
- 13. DISADVANTAGES OF DESALINATION • The cost is high. • Chemicals and waste produced in environment. • Lots of land used. • It consumes a large amount of energy.