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![skin deep
also skin-deep
ADJECTIVE [usually verb-link ADJECTIVE]
Something that is only skin deep is not
a major or important feature of
something, although it may appear to be.
Beauty is only skin deep.
He denies that racism is just skin-deep.
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Dermal exposure science: it’s not skin-deep
This document summarizes research on dermal exposure science. It discusses seminal papers from 1993 that described methods for measuring dermal exposure, including interception and removal of chemicals on the skin. Simple experiments were used to study these processes. More advanced methods like SysDEA and biologically relevant samplers were later developed to better assess dermal uptake. Theoretical models have also been proposed to conceptualize dermal exposure. The document emphasizes that behavior is a major factor influencing dermal exposure through actions like touching surfaces, handwashing, and protective equipment use.
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Dermal exposure science: it’s not skin-deep
- 1. INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONALMEDICINE . Edinburgh . UK www.iom-world.org Dermal exposure science: it’s not skin-deep John Cherrie
- 2. skin deep also skin-deep ADJECTIVE[usually verb-link ADJECTIVE] Something that is only skin deep is not a major or important feature of something, although it may appear to be. Beauty is only skin deep. He denies that racism is just skin-deep. https://www.collinsdictionary.com
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- 8. Two seminal papers… •Published in 1993 in the Annals
- 9. Dermal exposure paperspublished in the Annals
- 10. Fenske described thestate-of-the-art… • Interception • The mass of chemical that lands on the skin over the sampling time (integrated flux) • Removal • The mass of contaminant left on the skin • Fluorescent tracers • The mass of a surrogate compound retained on the skin
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- 13. SysDEA… Kasiotis et al.(2020) Comparison of Measurement Methods for Dermal Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals at the Workplace: The SysDEA Project. Ann Work Expo Health; 64: 55-70.
- 14. Local and systemiceffects… Tibaldi et al. (2013) Dermal Absorption of Chemicals: Estimation by IH SkinPerm. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine; 11: 19-31. Sumi Rajan, 2007
- 15. Particles and nanoparticles… LareseFilon F, Bello D, Cherrie JW, Sleeuwenhoek A, Spaan S, Brouwer DH. (2016) Occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products: Part I-Factors affecting skin absorption. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health; 219: 536-44. • Molecules >500 Dalton do not diffuse through skin (about 5nm) Zinc oxide nanoparticles
- 16. Example of dermalexposure research… McClean MD, Rinehart RD, Ngo L, Eisen EA, Kelsey KT, Herrick RF: Inhalation and dermal exposure among asphalt paving workers. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2004, 48(8):663-671.
- 17. Example of dermalexposure research… McClean MD, Rinehart RD, Ngo L, Eisen EA, Kelsey KT, Herrick RF: Inhalation and dermal exposure among asphalt paving workers. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2004, 48(8):663-671. RAP = recycled asphalt product
- 18. A better approachto measurement… • An interception sampler to assess uptake • with a diffusion membrane chosen to mimic the skin • adsorbent material • impervious backing Cherrie J, Robertson A (1995) Biologically relevant assessment of dermal exposure. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 39(3):387-392. Lindsay et al. (2006) Development of a biologically relevant dermal sampler. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene; 50: 85-94.
- 19. A better approachto measurement… Cherrie J, Robertson A (1995) Biologically relevant assessment of dermal exposure. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 39(3):387-392. Lindsay et al. (2006) Development of a biologically relevant dermal sampler. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene; 50: 85-94. • It was difficult to get a membrane with a permeation rate similar to the stratum coreum • Sampler was easily saturated and • It responded to vapour
- 20. Theory… Surface contamination layer Aircompartment Clothing outer layer Skin contamination layer Source Clothing inner layer Schneider et al. (1999) Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure. Occup Environ Med . 56(11): 765-73.
- 21. van Wendel etal. (2003) DREAM: A method for semi-quantitative dermal exposure assessment. Ann Occup Hyg; 47: 71-87. • DREAM develops estimates from task descriptive information • Estimates are reproducible between assessors • Estimates exposure in “Dream Units” - DU • Validation study showed reasonable correlation with measurement data DREAM…
- 22. Gorman et al.(2022) GuLF DREAM... Ann Work Expo Health; 66: i218–i33. • GuLF DREAM developed for Deep Water Horizon study • Updated algorithm and made more specific to oil clean-up • Attempted to validate with data from asphalt pavers and heavy fuel oil workers More DREAMs…
- 23. Behaviour is important… •Dermal exposure is dominated by behaviour • Touching surfaces • Habitual touching skin • Care in undertaking tasks • Diligence in use of protective clothing • Handwashing Creely KS, Cherrie J. (2001) A novel method of assessing the effectiveness of protective gloves - Results from a pilot study. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene; 45: 137-43. PF=32 PF=220 PF=450 Stewart-Taylor AJ, Cherrie J. (1998) Does risk perception affect behaviour and exposure? A pilot study amongst asbestos workers. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene; 42: 565-69.