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Jim Vincent and inhalable dust
The document highlights the contributions of Professor Jim Vincent to the field of occupational health and aerosol science, detailing his academic journey, significant research, and numerous publications. It discusses the evolution of dust measurement techniques, including the development of inhalable dust samplers and the need for standardization in measuring dust exposure. The document also speculates on current interests Vincent might have if he were active today, particularly regarding nanomaterials and ocular exposure to dust.
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Jim Vincent and inhalable dust
- 1. INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONALMEDICINE . Edinburgh . UK www.iom-world.org Jim Vincent and inhalable dust John Cherrie How deep is the ocean. Irving Berlin
- 2. INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONALMEDICINE . Edinburgh . UK www.iom-world.org Jim Vincent and inhalable dust John Cherrie How deep is the ocean. Irving Berlin
- 3. Summaryโฆ โข The man โขMeasurement standards โข Respirable dust โข Inhalable dust and the IOM sampler โข Jimโs legacy
- 4. Jimโฆ โข Born inEngland โข Graduated in Physics from University of Durham โข Moved to the USA to work โข Returned to the University of Strathclyde in 1972 and the IOM in 1979 โข In 1998 he went back to USA to work at the University of Minnesota, then the University of Michigan
- 5. A prolific scientistโฆ โขHe worked on: โฆelectrical conduction in gases, industrial ventilation, electrostatic precipitators, air pollution transport near buildings, aerosol measurement techniques, exposure assessment, animal toxicity studies, asbestos, pharmacokinetic modelling, epidemiology, occupational health policy โข Published more than 200 peer-reviewed articles, numerous reports and non-peer- reviewed articles, and five textbooks โข Numerous professional accolades and achievements, including President of BOHS 1990/91
- 6. Early dust measurementmethodsโฆ Vincent JH. (2012) Occupational and environmental aerosol exposure assessment: a scientific journey from the past, through the present and into the future. J Environ Monit; 14: 340-7.
- 7. Standardisationโฆ โข Different samplersgave different measures of concentration โข Reliance of particle counting โข Particles smaller than 5 mm representing respirable dust โข Problems with particle overlap โข Subjectivity in the counting process so need for extensive quality control โข A โstandardโ was needed
- 8. Pneumoconiosis Field Researchโฆ โขStarted in 1953 โข Long-term prospective cohort of British coal miners โข 25 collieries involving 35,000 men โข Preliminary results (8 pits) were disappointing Rogan JM, Rae S, Walton WH. (1967) The National Coal Boardโs Pneumoconiosis Field Research - an interim review. Proceedings of an International Symposium Organized by the British Occupational Hygiene Society, Cambridge.
- 9. Respirable dustโฆ โข Waltonand Hamilton developed a gravimetric sampler based on elutriation โข Matched the size selectivity curve recommended by MRC (1952) / Johannesburg Conference (1959) Vincent JH, Mark D. (1981) The basis of dust sampling in occupational hygiene: a critical review. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene; 24: 375- Aerodynamic diameter (mm) Deposition subfraction
- 10. PFR respirable dustresultsโฆ Hurley JF, Burns J, Copland L, Dodgson J, Jacobsen M. (1982) Coalworkers' simple pneumoconiosis and exposure to dust at 10 British coalmines. Br J Ind Med; 39: 120-7.
- 11. 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 cm ORB sampler (Overall Respiratory Burden) Inhalable dustโฆ โข In the 1970s wind tunnel studies into the aerosol aspiration efficiency of a life-sized mannequin with simulated breathing Ogden TL, Birkett JL. (1978) An inhalable-dust sampler, for measuring the hazard from total airborne particulate. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene;
- 12. Inhalable dustโฆ Mark D,Vincent JH. (1986) A new personal sampler for airborne total dust in workplaces. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene; 30: 89-102. โข The lip minimizes unpredictability from the blow-off of particles impacting onto the outer surface of the sampler โข Cassette weighed to include internal wall losses
- 13. IOM inhalable samplerโฆ โขIn 1986 the UK proposed that ISO standard be revised โข EN 481 published 1993 and ISO 7708 in 1995 โข Implemented in national standards over the next 5 - 10 years โข IOM sampler accepted in Britain around 2000 Kenny L, Ogden T. (2000) Twenty-five years of inhalable dust. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene; 44: 561-63.
- 14. What would Jimbe interested in today? โข Nanomaterials โข Particle size-dependent deposition in the various regions of the respiratory tract Vincent J. (2005) Health-related aerosol measurement: A review of existing sampling criteria and proposals for new ones. Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM; 7: 1037-53. โข No toxicological or physical basis for a cut at 100 nm โข For the nasal fraction we need to know the proportion of nasal breathing Nasal deposition Alveolar deposition
- 15. What would Jimbe interested in today? โข Ocular exposure โข Coarse dust can cause irritation on impact with the skin or the eyes, and may cause conjunctivitis โข Deposition on the face determined by Stokes number โข For intermittent exposure, blinking limits the size of particles deposited on the eye โข Finer particles may also have an allergic effect Vincent JH, Gibson H. (1980) The responses of human subjects to the facial impaction of airborne coarse dust. Atmospheric Environment (1967); 14: 473-80.
- 16. What would Jimbe interested in today? Source Splashing etc. Touching surfaces Touching Transfer to tools etc PM from distant sources Outer glove touching eye or hand
- 17. Thanksโฆ โข Some ofJimโs music can be accessed atโฆ https://willothewispstudio.com/jim-vincent Courtesy of Professor Ken Donaldson โข His obituaryโฆ https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/scotsm an-obituaries-professor-jim-vincent-aerosol- scientist-and-pianist-3770622
Editor's Notes
- #4ย Paper presented at AIRMON 2011, the 7th International Symposium on Modern Principles for Air Monitoring and Biomonitoring, June 19โ23, 2011, Loen, Norway.
- #5ย Born 1940 I also started at IOM in 1979, in factโฆ He loved playing the piano, composing music and performing with fellow musicians. A passion for fishing
- #6ย He spoke at Airmon 1999 and 2011 (maybe others)
- #7ย โโThose that fail to learn from history, are doomed to repeat itโโ (not Winston Churchill, but the writerย and philosopherย George Santayana) โAwareness of the history of how we have arrived at where we are today has two important benefits. Firstly, we may be reminded of those earlier advances which were the building blocks of what we do now, so that we do not find ourselves reinventing devices and methods that have already been developed, or overlook useful ideas from the past that may be re-applied today, sometimes โ even โ more effectively than the ones that emerge from our newest efforts. But secondly, and at least as important, we should recall and learn from the arguments and thought processes that led our predecessors โ most of them long forgotten โ towards those earlier advances.โ
- #8ย Bedford, Warner and others What are the physical, chemical or biological properties of the aerosol which make it harmful? Over what time-scales is the exposure relevant to health effects?
- #9ย PFR - Possibly the largest prospective occupational epidemiological study ever undertaken. The net progression of simple pneumoconiosis, adjusted to 5 years, is plotted against mean coalface dust concentration in Fig. 2b. (NOTE axes) โAmong the main group of data there is a general tendency for progression to increase with concentration, but the correlation is not close. It appears to be somewhat better for the estimated mass concentrations than for the number counts.โ
- #10ย Walton wrote about the physics of size-selective sampling in 1954 Hamilton and Walton presented the practical implementation of this in 1960 at the first IP symposium
- #12ย Total dust samplers.
- #14ย Politicsโฆ Benefits of inhalable dust โ mostly standardisation on a biologically relevant size fraction. Not as dramatic as for respirable dust but important More than 1000 papers dealing with inhalable dust - bioaerosols, metals, plastics, mineral dustsโฆ Use in epidemiological studies For me the IOM personal sampler was Jimโs legacy to science.
- #15ย REMEMBER what Bedford, Warner etc wroteโฆ โWhat are the physical, chemical or biological properties of the aerosol which make it harmful? Over what time-scales is the exposure relevant to health effects?โ
- #16ย Also may cause dry eye syndrome (DES)ย Conjunctivitis may be allergic or irritant
- #17ย Schneider and Bohgardโฆ Based on previously published semi-empirical models, the paper describes the influence of turbulence, gravitational settling, electrical fields, and thermophoresis on deposition velocity. Could be important for bioaerosols and infectious agents