Bivalves are much appreciated worldwide. However, they can concentrate contaminants present in the seawater. To prevent bacterial associated diseases and other hazards, regulatory controls have been implemented in several countries.
This document discusses various microorganisms commonly found in fish and fishery products including Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella, and fungi. It describes the sources and habitats of these microorganisms, how they can contaminate seafood during processing, and guidelines for preventing contamination and controlling microbial growth, including maintaining proper sanitation and hygiene during processing, storage, and handling of fish and fishery products.
Aquatic Invertebrate as Indicator for Water Qualitychaza891
This document discusses aquatic invertebrates as indicators of water quality. It explains that different species of invertebrates have varying tolerances to pollution, so changes in their communities can signal changes in water quality. Specifically, pollution can cause decreases in species richness and increases in tolerant species. Several examples of invertebrate species are provided, such as sea cucumbers, crown of thorn starfish, giant clams, and sea urchins, explaining their roles in marine ecosystems and sensitivities to water conditions. Methods for using invertebrate communities to assess water quality involve measuring population metrics like density, diversity, and size ranges over time and across sites.
The Indian oil sardine is a small, schooling fish found in coastal waters of the northern Indian Ocean. It reaches up to 23 cm long and feeds mainly on phytoplankton and small crustaceans. The species forms large schools and migrates along western Indian coasts, spawning during the monsoon months from August to September when temperatures are lower. It is an important commercial fishery across its range.
The Indian oil sardine is a small, schooling fish found in coastal waters of the northern Indian Ocean. It reaches up to 23 cm long and feeds mainly on phytoplankton and small crustaceans. The species forms large schools and migrates along coastal areas, spawning during the monsoon months from August to September when temperatures are lower. It is an important commercial fishery throughout its range.
Exotic fishes,merits and demerits, PakistanGullAZahra
Exotic Fishes In Pakistan, Merits and Demerits
193 native Fish-Fresh water (2013)
28 native to Cold water
Exotic meaning ‘not-native’
“Alien fish species having origin in another part of world, acclimatize to our climate when transplanted.”
List of Exotic Fishes
Why are they introduced?
Improving local fishery potential
Broadening species diversity in aquaculture programs
Sport fishing
Aquarium Fish-Aesthetic purpose
Improving aquaculture or open water fishery productivity
Controlling of unwanted organisms (mosquitoes).
Satisfy the growing demands of fish protein
Breed in stagnant water
Easily cultivable species in algae and plant filled ponds
Low culture cost.
To get desired amount of production in less time
Easy Maintenance
Whether the introduction of said species has been a productive venture or not?
Whether the growth of indigenous carps has been affected positively or negatively or not?
Impact On Bio-diversity
Bad impacts of Exotic fishes may be categorized as
1) Genetic Impact
2) Ecological (including biological) Impact
3) Socio-economical. Impact
Merits and Demerits of common exotic carps
Features of Exotic Fishes
Recommendation
Conclusion
References
How do fish respond to disturbances by recreational users Sara Barrento
This questionnaire is the result of Charlotte Brockington MSc. Charlotte's project aims to study how fish respond to disturbances by recreation activities such as boating, angling, swimming, cycling, and walking. If fish become habituated to the disturbances from recreational activities, they could then be at risk of predation due to their lack of avoidance behaviours. The information gathered from 230 questionnaires, experiment lab work and literature review will help inform river users management plans. This one year MSc was funded by the KESS2 project in collaboration with Canoe Wales, and Natural Resources Wales.
This document discusses various microorganisms commonly found in fish and fishery products including Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella, and fungi. It describes the sources and habitats of these microorganisms, how they can contaminate seafood during processing, and guidelines for preventing contamination and controlling microbial growth, including maintaining proper sanitation and hygiene during processing, storage, and handling of fish and fishery products.
Aquatic Invertebrate as Indicator for Water Qualitychaza891
This document discusses aquatic invertebrates as indicators of water quality. It explains that different species of invertebrates have varying tolerances to pollution, so changes in their communities can signal changes in water quality. Specifically, pollution can cause decreases in species richness and increases in tolerant species. Several examples of invertebrate species are provided, such as sea cucumbers, crown of thorn starfish, giant clams, and sea urchins, explaining their roles in marine ecosystems and sensitivities to water conditions. Methods for using invertebrate communities to assess water quality involve measuring population metrics like density, diversity, and size ranges over time and across sites.
The Indian oil sardine is a small, schooling fish found in coastal waters of the northern Indian Ocean. It reaches up to 23 cm long and feeds mainly on phytoplankton and small crustaceans. The species forms large schools and migrates along western Indian coasts, spawning during the monsoon months from August to September when temperatures are lower. It is an important commercial fishery across its range.
The Indian oil sardine is a small, schooling fish found in coastal waters of the northern Indian Ocean. It reaches up to 23 cm long and feeds mainly on phytoplankton and small crustaceans. The species forms large schools and migrates along coastal areas, spawning during the monsoon months from August to September when temperatures are lower. It is an important commercial fishery throughout its range.
Exotic fishes,merits and demerits, PakistanGullAZahra
Exotic Fishes In Pakistan, Merits and Demerits
193 native Fish-Fresh water (2013)
28 native to Cold water
Exotic meaning ‘not-native’
“Alien fish species having origin in another part of world, acclimatize to our climate when transplanted.”
List of Exotic Fishes
Why are they introduced?
Improving local fishery potential
Broadening species diversity in aquaculture programs
Sport fishing
Aquarium Fish-Aesthetic purpose
Improving aquaculture or open water fishery productivity
Controlling of unwanted organisms (mosquitoes).
Satisfy the growing demands of fish protein
Breed in stagnant water
Easily cultivable species in algae and plant filled ponds
Low culture cost.
To get desired amount of production in less time
Easy Maintenance
Whether the introduction of said species has been a productive venture or not?
Whether the growth of indigenous carps has been affected positively or negatively or not?
Impact On Bio-diversity
Bad impacts of Exotic fishes may be categorized as
1) Genetic Impact
2) Ecological (including biological) Impact
3) Socio-economical. Impact
Merits and Demerits of common exotic carps
Features of Exotic Fishes
Recommendation
Conclusion
References
How do fish respond to disturbances by recreational users Sara Barrento
This questionnaire is the result of Charlotte Brockington MSc. Charlotte's project aims to study how fish respond to disturbances by recreation activities such as boating, angling, swimming, cycling, and walking. If fish become habituated to the disturbances from recreational activities, they could then be at risk of predation due to their lack of avoidance behaviours. The information gathered from 230 questionnaires, experiment lab work and literature review will help inform river users management plans. This one year MSc was funded by the KESS2 project in collaboration with Canoe Wales, and Natural Resources Wales.
I collaborated with designers, software developers, and education developers to create not only this job aid but also user manuals and a web-based & desktop application designed to help fish farmers assess and improve the welfare of Lumpfish. You can scan the QR code to access the web-based application.
My career portfolio documents my education, showcases my work and highlights my skills in communication, management and teaching. In addition to demonstrating my skills and abilities, it allows me to keep track of my own personal and professional development.
How to set up, run and evaluate a public engagement eventSara Barrento
This document provides guidance on how to plan and run a public engagement event by outlining key questions to consider in three main areas:
1. Identifying your audience - Who do you want to attend and what do they need? This involves finding stakeholders and understanding their needs.
2. Logistics - How will you bring people together? This requires determining communication channels, locations, and formats.
3. Evaluation - How will you measure the impact and success of the event? Metrics may include participant numbers, feedback, online engagement, and whether the goals were achieved.
This document outlines a marine biology course that takes advantage of research facilities and a boat to enhance student learning through hands-on experiences. The course involves 37 students divided into groups to conduct a fish feed trial and routine husbandry activities. Assessment includes a group report, individual scientific report, and exam. Students provide feedback on course aims, experiences, and the value of practical activities like fish necropsy and husbandry through an online questionnaire. The majority of students found the practicals helped link theory to practice and develop research and professional skills.
AquaTED: the power of digital stories in STEMSara Barrento
Swansea Academy of Learning and Teaching, SALT Conference 2019, What does learning and teaching look like through a future lens? 17th July 2019, Swansea University, UK. Barrento, S. 2019. AquaTED: the power of digital stories in STEM.
Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture - quality assessment reportSara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021.
Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture: speakers presentations preci...Sara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021.
Welcome to the Centre for Sustainable Aquatic ResearchSara Barrento
I created this presentation for the Swansea University LINC event, focusing on The Blue Economy. On the 21st of June 2021, Prof. Carlos Garcia de Leaniz gave this keynote. Swansea University: LINC is a collaborative network that enables private, public and third sector organisations to connect with each other and access resources & expertise to support growth. Through Swansea University: LINC, organizations can access talented graduates & students, world leading-research & development support, first-in-class facilities & equipment, professional training, and skills development.
Setting the stage on precision aquacultureSara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021. This is the keynote to introduce the concept of precision aquaculture.
Precision Aquaculture and the Access2Sea prpjectSara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021. I gave to talks, this is my second talk to introduce the Access2Sea project
This document outlines a project between SMARTAQUA and Ocean Matters to produce disease screened larval lumpfish from UK broodstock for the UK aquaculture market. The objective is to rear lumpfish larvae from broodstock caught in both south coast and Scottish waters. This will help reduce the UK salmon industry's dependence on lumpfish imports by contributing knowledge to produce sustainable larval lumpfish sourced from UK waters. The project involves knowledge transfer, gap analysis, larval rearing, weaning, research sampling, and market development activities. Outputs will include standard operating procedures, £1 million in private investment, disease screening of 7 pathogens, and a new product - disease screened native lumpfish larvae.
This document discusses a collaboration between SMARTAQUA and Aquatic Supplies Wales to re-home excess zebrafish produced for research purposes to the aquarium trade. Zebrafish are commonly used for biomedical research but breeding precise numbers for research often leads to surpluses. The collaboration explored transporting excess zebrafish from a research lab to Aquatic Supplies Wales, where they would be acclimated and fed before being made available for the aquarium trade. The goal is to more sustainably manage zebrafish populations in research and aquariums.
The document discusses testing the viability of using maggots as a fish food supplement to improve fish welfare. The SMARTAQUA team will collaborate with BioMonde, a wound care company that manufactures maggot therapy products, to compare the gut microbiome and behavior of fish fed different diets including a commercial diet, maggot supplement, brine shrimp supplement, and a combination supplement. The goal is to find a new supplement that can benefit fish health in captivity and contribute to BioMonde's product portfolio.
Second Symposium on Welfare in Aquaculture 2020: Operational Welfare Indicato...Sara Barrento
Swansea University in collaboration with the University of Crete hosted the Second Symposium on Welfare in Aquaculture on the 26th of November 2020. Over 260 participants attended this free webinar where six international speakers discussed the use of operational welfare indicators in farmed fish. This event is a follow up of the very successful "1st symposium on welfare in aquaculture - welfare indicators for novel species".
Poster created to disseminate: Industry grade RAS items to support Welsh Aquaculture production businesses.
The Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR) have several industry grade RAS items they wish to donate to further support the development of aquaculture production businesses in Wales. If your aquaculture production business is based in Wales and you would like to benefit some of the items described below, we would like to hear from you.
At the national levels, seaweedaquaculture licensing procedures
need to be simplified for greater cy and efficiency while the social acceptability of seaweed concessions should be promoted. Moreover, it is important for all stakeholders and the whole industry (from policy makers, local authorities, researchers to the production sectors) to have trained
personnel, thus requiring the development of training programmes in regional and/or national centres.
Based on a detailed analysis of current seaweed aquaculture practices, regulations, health benefits and consumer demands, these guidelines aim to foster sustainability and protection of the marine environment. These guidelines also include expert opinions and assessmentsfrom the academic, private
and associative sectors, based mainly in Europe, but also on other continents. With this wide scope and using a field-based and scientific approach, we have aimed to produce a robust prospective reference document to support policy-makers and the elaboration of future European regulations.
This document provides an introduction to seaweeds. It discusses that seaweed farming originated over 14,000 years ago in Southern Chile and now accounts for 96% of total seaweed production globally, having surpassed wild harvesting around 40 years ago. The document outlines the many uses of seaweeds, which include food, fertilizers, insulation, medicine and more. Key seaweed products include agar, alginate, and carrageenan. While most seaweed farming currently occurs in East Asia, the document discusses emerging seaweed industries in the West focused on kelp farming for potential uses in biofuels and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture.
Green Man Festival is an independent
music and arts festival held annually in
mid-August in the Brecon Beacons, Wales
since 2003.
It is the largest contemporary music and
arts festival in Wales and has been given
major event status by Welsh Government
due to the festival's positive impact and
wealth creation. Einsteins’s Garden is the first UK festival
science engagement and is now the
playground of some of the world's top
research organisations, including
Swansea University. AIMS: To disseminate SMARTAQUA and
research collaborations with Welsh
companies to a wider audience
2. To promote gender equality
3. To promote sustainability
First Symposium on Welfare in Aquaculture: Welfare Indicators for Novel Speci...Sara Barrento
Over five hundred and eighty species of aquatic species are farmed globally - most are fish. Lumpfish is a novel marine species to aquaculture and one of the fastest growing farmed fish in Europe. But novel species are challenging - there is little information to guide best practice and as a result this can impact on their welfare. Lumpfish are unique as they are not farmed for human consumption, they provide a service to salmon farmers. Lumpfish are cleaner fish - they clean sealice off salmon. This event aimed to bring to life the 1st Symposium on Welfare in Aquaculture the first edition focused on welfare indicators of novel species. This event explored commonalities and differences in the welfare requirements of different farmed species and asked whether some common welfare metrics exist. The morning symposium was followed by a workshop on lumpfish welfare in the afternoon.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
I collaborated with designers, software developers, and education developers to create not only this job aid but also user manuals and a web-based & desktop application designed to help fish farmers assess and improve the welfare of Lumpfish. You can scan the QR code to access the web-based application.
My career portfolio documents my education, showcases my work and highlights my skills in communication, management and teaching. In addition to demonstrating my skills and abilities, it allows me to keep track of my own personal and professional development.
How to set up, run and evaluate a public engagement eventSara Barrento
This document provides guidance on how to plan and run a public engagement event by outlining key questions to consider in three main areas:
1. Identifying your audience - Who do you want to attend and what do they need? This involves finding stakeholders and understanding their needs.
2. Logistics - How will you bring people together? This requires determining communication channels, locations, and formats.
3. Evaluation - How will you measure the impact and success of the event? Metrics may include participant numbers, feedback, online engagement, and whether the goals were achieved.
This document outlines a marine biology course that takes advantage of research facilities and a boat to enhance student learning through hands-on experiences. The course involves 37 students divided into groups to conduct a fish feed trial and routine husbandry activities. Assessment includes a group report, individual scientific report, and exam. Students provide feedback on course aims, experiences, and the value of practical activities like fish necropsy and husbandry through an online questionnaire. The majority of students found the practicals helped link theory to practice and develop research and professional skills.
AquaTED: the power of digital stories in STEMSara Barrento
Swansea Academy of Learning and Teaching, SALT Conference 2019, What does learning and teaching look like through a future lens? 17th July 2019, Swansea University, UK. Barrento, S. 2019. AquaTED: the power of digital stories in STEM.
Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture - quality assessment reportSara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021.
Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture: speakers presentations preci...Sara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021.
Welcome to the Centre for Sustainable Aquatic ResearchSara Barrento
I created this presentation for the Swansea University LINC event, focusing on The Blue Economy. On the 21st of June 2021, Prof. Carlos Garcia de Leaniz gave this keynote. Swansea University: LINC is a collaborative network that enables private, public and third sector organisations to connect with each other and access resources & expertise to support growth. Through Swansea University: LINC, organizations can access talented graduates & students, world leading-research & development support, first-in-class facilities & equipment, professional training, and skills development.
Setting the stage on precision aquacultureSara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021. This is the keynote to introduce the concept of precision aquaculture.
Precision Aquaculture and the Access2Sea prpjectSara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021. I gave to talks, this is my second talk to introduce the Access2Sea project
This document outlines a project between SMARTAQUA and Ocean Matters to produce disease screened larval lumpfish from UK broodstock for the UK aquaculture market. The objective is to rear lumpfish larvae from broodstock caught in both south coast and Scottish waters. This will help reduce the UK salmon industry's dependence on lumpfish imports by contributing knowledge to produce sustainable larval lumpfish sourced from UK waters. The project involves knowledge transfer, gap analysis, larval rearing, weaning, research sampling, and market development activities. Outputs will include standard operating procedures, £1 million in private investment, disease screening of 7 pathogens, and a new product - disease screened native lumpfish larvae.
This document discusses a collaboration between SMARTAQUA and Aquatic Supplies Wales to re-home excess zebrafish produced for research purposes to the aquarium trade. Zebrafish are commonly used for biomedical research but breeding precise numbers for research often leads to surpluses. The collaboration explored transporting excess zebrafish from a research lab to Aquatic Supplies Wales, where they would be acclimated and fed before being made available for the aquarium trade. The goal is to more sustainably manage zebrafish populations in research and aquariums.
The document discusses testing the viability of using maggots as a fish food supplement to improve fish welfare. The SMARTAQUA team will collaborate with BioMonde, a wound care company that manufactures maggot therapy products, to compare the gut microbiome and behavior of fish fed different diets including a commercial diet, maggot supplement, brine shrimp supplement, and a combination supplement. The goal is to find a new supplement that can benefit fish health in captivity and contribute to BioMonde's product portfolio.
Second Symposium on Welfare in Aquaculture 2020: Operational Welfare Indicato...Sara Barrento
Swansea University in collaboration with the University of Crete hosted the Second Symposium on Welfare in Aquaculture on the 26th of November 2020. Over 260 participants attended this free webinar where six international speakers discussed the use of operational welfare indicators in farmed fish. This event is a follow up of the very successful "1st symposium on welfare in aquaculture - welfare indicators for novel species".
Poster created to disseminate: Industry grade RAS items to support Welsh Aquaculture production businesses.
The Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR) have several industry grade RAS items they wish to donate to further support the development of aquaculture production businesses in Wales. If your aquaculture production business is based in Wales and you would like to benefit some of the items described below, we would like to hear from you.
At the national levels, seaweedaquaculture licensing procedures
need to be simplified for greater cy and efficiency while the social acceptability of seaweed concessions should be promoted. Moreover, it is important for all stakeholders and the whole industry (from policy makers, local authorities, researchers to the production sectors) to have trained
personnel, thus requiring the development of training programmes in regional and/or national centres.
Based on a detailed analysis of current seaweed aquaculture practices, regulations, health benefits and consumer demands, these guidelines aim to foster sustainability and protection of the marine environment. These guidelines also include expert opinions and assessmentsfrom the academic, private
and associative sectors, based mainly in Europe, but also on other continents. With this wide scope and using a field-based and scientific approach, we have aimed to produce a robust prospective reference document to support policy-makers and the elaboration of future European regulations.
This document provides an introduction to seaweeds. It discusses that seaweed farming originated over 14,000 years ago in Southern Chile and now accounts for 96% of total seaweed production globally, having surpassed wild harvesting around 40 years ago. The document outlines the many uses of seaweeds, which include food, fertilizers, insulation, medicine and more. Key seaweed products include agar, alginate, and carrageenan. While most seaweed farming currently occurs in East Asia, the document discusses emerging seaweed industries in the West focused on kelp farming for potential uses in biofuels and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture.
Green Man Festival is an independent
music and arts festival held annually in
mid-August in the Brecon Beacons, Wales
since 2003.
It is the largest contemporary music and
arts festival in Wales and has been given
major event status by Welsh Government
due to the festival's positive impact and
wealth creation. Einsteins’s Garden is the first UK festival
science engagement and is now the
playground of some of the world's top
research organisations, including
Swansea University. AIMS: To disseminate SMARTAQUA and
research collaborations with Welsh
companies to a wider audience
2. To promote gender equality
3. To promote sustainability
First Symposium on Welfare in Aquaculture: Welfare Indicators for Novel Speci...Sara Barrento
Over five hundred and eighty species of aquatic species are farmed globally - most are fish. Lumpfish is a novel marine species to aquaculture and one of the fastest growing farmed fish in Europe. But novel species are challenging - there is little information to guide best practice and as a result this can impact on their welfare. Lumpfish are unique as they are not farmed for human consumption, they provide a service to salmon farmers. Lumpfish are cleaner fish - they clean sealice off salmon. This event aimed to bring to life the 1st Symposium on Welfare in Aquaculture the first edition focused on welfare indicators of novel species. This event explored commonalities and differences in the welfare requirements of different farmed species and asked whether some common welfare metrics exist. The morning symposium was followed by a workshop on lumpfish welfare in the afternoon.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
9. Please let me know if you
would like to learn more
about bivalves depuration
and seafood safety
Processor name: SARA BARRENTO PRESENTS
Address
Depurated Shellfishstock
ORIGINAL SHIPPERS CERT. No. (optional)
PROCESSING DATE
DEPURATION CYCLE No.
HARVEST LOCATION
TYPE & QUANTITY OF SHELLFISH
THIS TAG IS REQUIRED TO BE ATTACHED UNTIL CONTAINER IS
EMPTY AND THEREAFTER KEPT ON FILE FOR 90 DAYS
SARA |BARRENTO 2012
all rights reserved
Editor's Notes
Gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of bivalve molluscs has been recognised for hundreds of years. There are a number of species of Vibrio that cause illness associated with the consumption of shellfish. The two of most importance in terms of numbers of infections and/or fatalities are Vibrioparahaemolyticus and Vibriovulnificus. Most of these vibrios occur naturally in coastal and estuarine environments and are not associated with sewage contamination. The types of Vibriocholeraethat casue epidemic cholera are usually associated with human faecal contamination although some strains of these types, and of those causing non-cholera gastroenteritis, may occur naturally in the marine environment. Chilling shellfish as soon as possible after harvest and maintaining low temperatures (less than or equal to 10 °C) has been shown to be important in preventing pathogenic vibrios from multiply to high levels. In areas of the world prone to such problems, controls may be put on harvest, post-harvest transport conditions, or post-harvest treatment (pasteurisation, high-pressure treatment, freezing or irradiation) during the summer months when the risk is highest