Introduction: It is important to know about the myths and misconceptions, especially in India, where general and oral health is
embroiled in various myths and ritualistic practices.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of dental myth and utilizes socio-dental impact
locus of control scale (SILOC) health model, as the theoretical framework to understand the dental myth and belief and possible
reasons for noncompliance with recommended health action.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by the out-patients attending dental institute, in Bengaluru
city. A total of 150 individuals were included, data were collected using a pretested and validated three-part questionnaire
including demographic data, questions regarding dental myth, and seven items SILOC. Data obtained were statistically analyzed
using descriptive statistics, t-test, and spearman’s rank correlation.
Results: Almost all the participant believed in one or more dental myth. About 71.3% of the participant had high (≥11) SILOC
scores. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was found between mean SILOC scores and gender with males having
a lower mean score (14.94) as compared to females (18.62). When SILOC scores and myth scores were compared against
socioeconomic status, it showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001), between them. The SILOC scores highly correlated
with myth scores.
Conclusion: Various dental myth and false perception still lurk in the minds of the population, to discourage the unhealthy
practices; we the health professionals have to provide intensive health education and promote the adoption of healthy practices.
It would be prudent to familiarize professionals to understand these myths and beliefs as they act as barriers toward seeking
treatment.
Key words: Culture, Gender, Internal-external control, Oral health, Social class
Module 2: Evidence-Based Dental Public HealthKelley Minars
The updated version of this tutorial is available here: http://www.slideshare.net/uthsclib/module-2-evidencebased-dental-public-health-1724938
Module 2 of the Oral Health Tutorial, a production of UT HSC Libraries.
This module focuses on evidence-based dental health. View this tutorial to learn how to define evidence-based dental public health, learn effective retrieval strategy, be able to critique the literature and apply it to public health dental practice.
This tutorial is copyright Lara Sapp and Julie Gaines. Uploaded with permission.
Perception of Dental Visits among Jazan University Students, Saudi Arabiainventionjournals
Background:regular dental check-ups is fundamental in preventing and detecting dental diseases.Majority of Saudi patients do not have the trend to visit dentist frequently and they go only for emergency treatment and mostly pain is the driving factor. Aim: to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs and attitude of Jazan university students towards dental visits. Materials and Methodology:This descriptive cross-sectional; questionnaire based survey was carried out to evaluate the perception of Jazan university Saudi students towards dental visits. 352 students participated, age range of 20-24 years old. Results: The study revealed pain is the driving factor for most of the dental visits. 47.9%, their 1 stvisits complain was pain, 58% the driving factor for last visit is also pain. Although 29.1% occasionally visit dentist; 43% of them their last visit to dentist was 6 month ago. 47.6% were irregular visitors to dentist because they are afraid from dental needle and pain. 75% of the participants described their feeling at1st visit to dentist to be anxious and afraid. Although 88% of the participants knew that regular dental check-ups is important but this knowledge was not practiced.Only4.3% of the participants are driven to dental visit by dentist advice. Conclusion: there are lack of knowledge, wrong beliefs and negligence of dental visits in our study participants. Dental professional and mass media are not playing their role to change the knowledge and beliefs of the population.Recommendation: dental professionals’ media should be utilized spread knowledge of proper dental care.
Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents of Indian pop...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Background: Kids and teenagers are more prone to oral diseases. Poor oral health has a significant impact on oral well-being–associated quality of life. Thus, we performed an investigation to examine the outcome of oral health status on
the quality of life of children and adolescents in Indian population, by using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 children, ranging between 1 and 19 years of age who attended Indian hospitals from November 2016 to October 2019, were included in the study. The DMFT Index (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) and OHIP-14 were used as data collection tools. Association of the total OHIP-14 score and seven subscales associated with it was evaluated using Spearman’s correlations.
Results: The results showed statistically noteworthy association between the toothbrushing regularity, number of dental appointments, history of oral trauma, smoking, and subdomains of OHIP-14 (P < 0.05)
Conclusion: Dental and oral health of an individual has a great impact on their quality of life.
4.epidemiology tutorial (realtioonship of epidemiology biostatistics & dph ) ...Tin Myo Han
Showing relationship between Epidemiology, Bio-statistics and Dental public health activities for 4th year dental students
to get more understanding on why they need to do students' research project and how to apply it!
Module 2: Evidence-Based Dental Public HealthKelley Minars
The updated version of this tutorial is available here: http://www.slideshare.net/uthsclib/module-2-evidencebased-dental-public-health-1724938
Module 2 of the Oral Health Tutorial, a production of UT HSC Libraries.
This module focuses on evidence-based dental health. View this tutorial to learn how to define evidence-based dental public health, learn effective retrieval strategy, be able to critique the literature and apply it to public health dental practice.
This tutorial is copyright Lara Sapp and Julie Gaines. Uploaded with permission.
Perception of Dental Visits among Jazan University Students, Saudi Arabiainventionjournals
Background:regular dental check-ups is fundamental in preventing and detecting dental diseases.Majority of Saudi patients do not have the trend to visit dentist frequently and they go only for emergency treatment and mostly pain is the driving factor. Aim: to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs and attitude of Jazan university students towards dental visits. Materials and Methodology:This descriptive cross-sectional; questionnaire based survey was carried out to evaluate the perception of Jazan university Saudi students towards dental visits. 352 students participated, age range of 20-24 years old. Results: The study revealed pain is the driving factor for most of the dental visits. 47.9%, their 1 stvisits complain was pain, 58% the driving factor for last visit is also pain. Although 29.1% occasionally visit dentist; 43% of them their last visit to dentist was 6 month ago. 47.6% were irregular visitors to dentist because they are afraid from dental needle and pain. 75% of the participants described their feeling at1st visit to dentist to be anxious and afraid. Although 88% of the participants knew that regular dental check-ups is important but this knowledge was not practiced.Only4.3% of the participants are driven to dental visit by dentist advice. Conclusion: there are lack of knowledge, wrong beliefs and negligence of dental visits in our study participants. Dental professional and mass media are not playing their role to change the knowledge and beliefs of the population.Recommendation: dental professionals’ media should be utilized spread knowledge of proper dental care.
Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents of Indian pop...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Background: Kids and teenagers are more prone to oral diseases. Poor oral health has a significant impact on oral well-being–associated quality of life. Thus, we performed an investigation to examine the outcome of oral health status on
the quality of life of children and adolescents in Indian population, by using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 children, ranging between 1 and 19 years of age who attended Indian hospitals from November 2016 to October 2019, were included in the study. The DMFT Index (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) and OHIP-14 were used as data collection tools. Association of the total OHIP-14 score and seven subscales associated with it was evaluated using Spearman’s correlations.
Results: The results showed statistically noteworthy association between the toothbrushing regularity, number of dental appointments, history of oral trauma, smoking, and subdomains of OHIP-14 (P < 0.05)
Conclusion: Dental and oral health of an individual has a great impact on their quality of life.
4.epidemiology tutorial (realtioonship of epidemiology biostatistics & dph ) ...Tin Myo Han
Showing relationship between Epidemiology, Bio-statistics and Dental public health activities for 4th year dental students
to get more understanding on why they need to do students' research project and how to apply it!
The intersection of opioid use and HIV is well documented. More than one-third of all AIDS cases in the U.S. are directly or indirectly linked to injection drug use. Additionally, dependence and abuse of pain relievers is on the rise; people living with HIV/AIDS who suffer from chronic pain may be at particular risk. Opioids are highly addictive and mortality among illicit opioid users is estimated at 13 times that of the general population. The SPNS Buprenorphine Initiative investigated the effectiveness of integrating buprenorphine opioid abuse treatment into HIV primary care settings.
This Webcast is the first in a series under the new SPNS Integrating HIV Innovative Practices project (www.careacttarget.org/ihip) to assist providers in replicating SPNS work in their sites. This Webcast will introduce providers to the SPNS Buprenorphine Initiative, its findings, its synergy with the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, and provide an overview of opioid use and HIV.
The subsequent Webcast in the series will examine the clinical aspects of buprenorphine therapy, best practices, and implementation guidance. See also Integrating Buprenorphine Therapy Into HIV Primary Care Settings, a monograph on best practices, available at: https://careacttarget.org/content/integrating-buprenorphine-therapy-hiv-primary-care-settings.
Perspectives on Transitional Care for Vulnerable Older Patients A Qualitative...Austin Publishing Group
Transitional care for vulnerable older patients is optimal if, on top of the organization of transitional care, these patients and their informal caregivers have trust in the professionals involved. Regarding the challenge of organizing increasingly complex transitional care for vulnerable older patients, the focus should shift towards optimizing trust.
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
The goal of Integrating HIV Innovative Practices (IHIP) is to enable health care providers to implement proven innovations within their own practices and clinics. This Webinar is the first in a three part series featuring grantees of the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Enhancing Linkages to HIV Care & Services in Jail Settings Initiative (Jail Linkages Initiative), as they share lessons learned and advice for others hoping to create or expand similar programs.
Explore how to secure buy-in and foster partnerships within correctional settings, as well as how to navigate the “culture of corrections.” Hannah Zellman of Philadelphia FIGHT, a SPNS Jail Linkages grantee, will present alongside Dr. Linda Rose Frank and Debra D’Alessandro of the PA/MidAtlantic AIDS Education and Training Center about the work their organizations have done individually and collaboratively in the corrections setting.
Patients' satisfaction towards doctors treatmentmustafa farooqi
The mood of the care recipient to see if the impression (expectations) of service are met by the patient may be defined as patient satisfaction. The current perspective on service efficiency tends to be that patient treatment meets public standards and requirements in terms of interpersonal support as well as professional assistance. (Hardy et al. 1996).
For various reasons, customer satisfactions in the healthcare industry have been investigated. First it was important to decide on the extent and the degree to which patient care seekers, the meeting of drugs criteria and the continuous use of these services have effect, satisfaction as a quality of service metric, as well as allowing doctors and health services to better appreciate and use the input of the patient. (Ong et al. 2000).
Consumer satisfaction with healthcare services is a multi-panel term that refers to the core facets of treatment and suppliers, while PS medical services with the quality enhancement systems from the patient context, full control of quality and the intended outcomes of services are considered to be of primary importance (Janicijevic et al. 2013).
The Pakistani health system is being changed somewhat and there are wonderful scope for applying standard of services to health care. Patients in Pakistan now have access to increased quality health care. Obviously, the staff and staff are the most important winners of a successful health care environment of every community sector framework (Bakari et al. 2019).
The medical clinic of today's study is the product of a long and complicated war of civilization to quantify produce and study and to give thought to the thoughtful (Fullman et al. 2017).
EVB-Evidence Based Practice- principles,purposes,valuechristenashantaram
This brief out the principles,purposes,value involved in EVB-Evidence Based Practice and helps health, scoial care practisioner to know more about the EVB-Evidence Based Practicein health and scocial care international base.
Enhancing the quality of life for palliative care cancer patients in Indonesi...UniversitasGadjahMada
Palliative care in Indonesia is problematic because of cultural and socio-economic factors. Family in Indonesia is an integral part of caregiving process in inpatient and outpatient settings. However, most families are not adequately prepared to deliver basic care for their sick family member. This research is a pilot project aiming to evaluate how basic skills training (BST) given to family caregivers could enhance the quality of life (QoL) of palliative care cancer patients in Indonesia. The study is a prospective quantitative with pre and post-test design. Thirty family caregivers of cancer patients were trained in basic skills including showering, washing hair, assisting for fecal and urinary elimination and oral care, as well as feeding at bedside. Patients’ QoL were measured at baseline and 4 weeks after training using EORTC QLQ C30. Hypothesis testing was done using related samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank. A paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to check in which subgroups was the intervention more significant. The intervention showed a significant change in patients’ global health status/QoL, emotional and social functioning, pain, fatigue, dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation and financial hardship of the patients. Male patient’s had a significant effect on global health status (qol) (p = 0.030); female patients had a significant effect on dyspnea (p = 0.050) and constipation (p = 0.038). Younger patients had a significant effect in global health status/ QoL (p = 0.002). Patients between 45 and 54 years old had significant effect on financial issue (p = 0.039). Caregivers between 45 and 54 years old had significant effect on patients’ dyspnea (p = 0.031). Thus, it is concluded that basic skills training for family caregivers provided some changes in some aspects of QoL of palliative cancer patients. The intervention showed promises in maintaining the QoL of cancer patients considering socioeconomic
and cultural challenges in the provision of palliative care in Indonesia.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Monash University
Presentation given at "Health Literacy Network: Crossing Disciplines, Bridging Gaps", November 26, 2013. The University of Sydney.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Background- Oral health is a multi-factorial concept, determined by knowledge, behavior, and attitude of a person. Like any behavior carried out daily like a habit, oral health behaviors are also repeated like a habit. The multidimensionality of behavioral change makes studying it, and factors associated with it, a challenge, since there are so many aspects to consider. Objectives- To find an association between the oral health status and socio-behavioral factors among 12-15 years old school children of Belagavi city, India. Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find an association between the oral health status and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescents. One thousand participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. Dental caries, bleeding on probing, dental trauma, enamel fluorosis, intervention urgency was recorded according to the WHO 2013 proforma and the parameters regarding knowledge, attitudes as well as behavior using a closed ended self-designed questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, and linear correlation tests were done. Results- Among 1000 subjects, 767 (76.7%) participants were found to have dental caries and 512 (51.2%) showed the presence of gingival bleeding. Out of a total score of 41, the mean knowledge score was 34.47 (±3.84) for boys and 34.76 (±4.13) for girls. Linear correlation showed that attitude was weakly correlated (r=0.18 and 0.20 respectively) but with a strong statistical significance to knowledge as well as behavior respectively. Conclusion- Attitude when compared separately either with knowledge or behavior showed a weak correlation that was highly significant. Comparison of behavior with caries experience showed a weak negative correlation which was statistically insignificant. Key-words- Oral health, Adolescents, Socio-behavioral, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
The intersection of opioid use and HIV is well documented. More than one-third of all AIDS cases in the U.S. are directly or indirectly linked to injection drug use. Additionally, dependence and abuse of pain relievers is on the rise; people living with HIV/AIDS who suffer from chronic pain may be at particular risk. Opioids are highly addictive and mortality among illicit opioid users is estimated at 13 times that of the general population. The SPNS Buprenorphine Initiative investigated the effectiveness of integrating buprenorphine opioid abuse treatment into HIV primary care settings.
This Webcast is the first in a series under the new SPNS Integrating HIV Innovative Practices project (www.careacttarget.org/ihip) to assist providers in replicating SPNS work in their sites. This Webcast will introduce providers to the SPNS Buprenorphine Initiative, its findings, its synergy with the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, and provide an overview of opioid use and HIV.
The subsequent Webcast in the series will examine the clinical aspects of buprenorphine therapy, best practices, and implementation guidance. See also Integrating Buprenorphine Therapy Into HIV Primary Care Settings, a monograph on best practices, available at: https://careacttarget.org/content/integrating-buprenorphine-therapy-hiv-primary-care-settings.
Perspectives on Transitional Care for Vulnerable Older Patients A Qualitative...Austin Publishing Group
Transitional care for vulnerable older patients is optimal if, on top of the organization of transitional care, these patients and their informal caregivers have trust in the professionals involved. Regarding the challenge of organizing increasingly complex transitional care for vulnerable older patients, the focus should shift towards optimizing trust.
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
The goal of Integrating HIV Innovative Practices (IHIP) is to enable health care providers to implement proven innovations within their own practices and clinics. This Webinar is the first in a three part series featuring grantees of the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Enhancing Linkages to HIV Care & Services in Jail Settings Initiative (Jail Linkages Initiative), as they share lessons learned and advice for others hoping to create or expand similar programs.
Explore how to secure buy-in and foster partnerships within correctional settings, as well as how to navigate the “culture of corrections.” Hannah Zellman of Philadelphia FIGHT, a SPNS Jail Linkages grantee, will present alongside Dr. Linda Rose Frank and Debra D’Alessandro of the PA/MidAtlantic AIDS Education and Training Center about the work their organizations have done individually and collaboratively in the corrections setting.
Patients' satisfaction towards doctors treatmentmustafa farooqi
The mood of the care recipient to see if the impression (expectations) of service are met by the patient may be defined as patient satisfaction. The current perspective on service efficiency tends to be that patient treatment meets public standards and requirements in terms of interpersonal support as well as professional assistance. (Hardy et al. 1996).
For various reasons, customer satisfactions in the healthcare industry have been investigated. First it was important to decide on the extent and the degree to which patient care seekers, the meeting of drugs criteria and the continuous use of these services have effect, satisfaction as a quality of service metric, as well as allowing doctors and health services to better appreciate and use the input of the patient. (Ong et al. 2000).
Consumer satisfaction with healthcare services is a multi-panel term that refers to the core facets of treatment and suppliers, while PS medical services with the quality enhancement systems from the patient context, full control of quality and the intended outcomes of services are considered to be of primary importance (Janicijevic et al. 2013).
The Pakistani health system is being changed somewhat and there are wonderful scope for applying standard of services to health care. Patients in Pakistan now have access to increased quality health care. Obviously, the staff and staff are the most important winners of a successful health care environment of every community sector framework (Bakari et al. 2019).
The medical clinic of today's study is the product of a long and complicated war of civilization to quantify produce and study and to give thought to the thoughtful (Fullman et al. 2017).
EVB-Evidence Based Practice- principles,purposes,valuechristenashantaram
This brief out the principles,purposes,value involved in EVB-Evidence Based Practice and helps health, scoial care practisioner to know more about the EVB-Evidence Based Practicein health and scocial care international base.
Enhancing the quality of life for palliative care cancer patients in Indonesi...UniversitasGadjahMada
Palliative care in Indonesia is problematic because of cultural and socio-economic factors. Family in Indonesia is an integral part of caregiving process in inpatient and outpatient settings. However, most families are not adequately prepared to deliver basic care for their sick family member. This research is a pilot project aiming to evaluate how basic skills training (BST) given to family caregivers could enhance the quality of life (QoL) of palliative care cancer patients in Indonesia. The study is a prospective quantitative with pre and post-test design. Thirty family caregivers of cancer patients were trained in basic skills including showering, washing hair, assisting for fecal and urinary elimination and oral care, as well as feeding at bedside. Patients’ QoL were measured at baseline and 4 weeks after training using EORTC QLQ C30. Hypothesis testing was done using related samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank. A paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to check in which subgroups was the intervention more significant. The intervention showed a significant change in patients’ global health status/QoL, emotional and social functioning, pain, fatigue, dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation and financial hardship of the patients. Male patient’s had a significant effect on global health status (qol) (p = 0.030); female patients had a significant effect on dyspnea (p = 0.050) and constipation (p = 0.038). Younger patients had a significant effect in global health status/ QoL (p = 0.002). Patients between 45 and 54 years old had significant effect on financial issue (p = 0.039). Caregivers between 45 and 54 years old had significant effect on patients’ dyspnea (p = 0.031). Thus, it is concluded that basic skills training for family caregivers provided some changes in some aspects of QoL of palliative cancer patients. The intervention showed promises in maintaining the QoL of cancer patients considering socioeconomic
and cultural challenges in the provision of palliative care in Indonesia.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Monash University
Presentation given at "Health Literacy Network: Crossing Disciplines, Bridging Gaps", November 26, 2013. The University of Sydney.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Background- Oral health is a multi-factorial concept, determined by knowledge, behavior, and attitude of a person. Like any behavior carried out daily like a habit, oral health behaviors are also repeated like a habit. The multidimensionality of behavioral change makes studying it, and factors associated with it, a challenge, since there are so many aspects to consider. Objectives- To find an association between the oral health status and socio-behavioral factors among 12-15 years old school children of Belagavi city, India. Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find an association between the oral health status and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescents. One thousand participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. Dental caries, bleeding on probing, dental trauma, enamel fluorosis, intervention urgency was recorded according to the WHO 2013 proforma and the parameters regarding knowledge, attitudes as well as behavior using a closed ended self-designed questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, and linear correlation tests were done. Results- Among 1000 subjects, 767 (76.7%) participants were found to have dental caries and 512 (51.2%) showed the presence of gingival bleeding. Out of a total score of 41, the mean knowledge score was 34.47 (±3.84) for boys and 34.76 (±4.13) for girls. Linear correlation showed that attitude was weakly correlated (r=0.18 and 0.20 respectively) but with a strong statistical significance to knowledge as well as behavior respectively. Conclusion- Attitude when compared separately either with knowledge or behavior showed a weak correlation that was highly significant. Comparison of behavior with caries experience showed a weak negative correlation which was statistically insignificant. Key-words- Oral health, Adolescents, Socio-behavioral, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
Comprehensive Assessment of Attitude Towards Denture Hygiene Habits in Compl...Ajay Pacharne
Abstract---Background and Aim: With the advanced innovations in
the rehabilitation techniques, the usages of removable denture have
been reduced significantly. However; complete denture are one of the
most common and trendy avenue for restoring completely edentulous
situations. The ultimate aim of this study was to assess the denture
hygiene attitude in complete denture patients. Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 complete denture wearing patients were selected for this
assessment. The patients were selected in the age range of 45-70
years. The methodologies were explained to the patients prior to the
real execution of the study. All interested complete denture patients
were included in the study. We also performed a small demographic
recording of the patients that includes data on gender, age, length of
prosthesis utilize, cleaning strategies and materials, and so on.
Statistical Analysis and Results: Basic statistical analysis was
completed using SPSS statistical package for the Social Sciences
version 21 for Windows. Only 58% of the patients reported that they
use to clean their dentures every day once. Approximately 68% of the
patients agreed that they do not remember the verbal and written
instructions for denture hygiene at the time of delivery of complete
dentures by the dentists.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL DENTAL SCREENING, PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH EDUC...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of school screening, parental knowledge and health education in
stimulating dental attendance among 6 to 10 years old children.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out, with a sample size of 155 in each group. The study was conducted over a
period of 3 months, baseline clinical findings were assessed using dentition status and plaque index and knowledge of parents was evaluated using a
questionnaire in both the groups. The study group participants received oral health education and educational leaflets were distributed to the
parents. Further after 3 months, the post-intervention improvement was assessed as before. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version
22. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The overtime changes in oral health knowledge of parents were significantly different in the study group (p-value <0.001). Highly
significant reduction in Plaque scores was reported in the study group compared to control group (p-value <0.001). Overall there were no
significant differences in DMFT and dmft increments between the groups. The intervention was not effective at reducing the level of active caries
and increasing attendance in the population under study.
Conclusion: Even though the intervention had positive effects on plaque score and and on oral health knowledge of parents, but the rate of
utilization was low. We need additional efforts addressing another individual, family, and community level factors to make such programs more
fruitful
Oral Health in India : A report of the multi centric study” is a timely publication & one of its kinds, which gives an insight in to the various oral health problems across the seven centers, representing different areas of India.
Oral diseases are one of the most common of non communicable diseases affecting varied population. It is an important public health problem owing to the prevalence, socio-economical aspect, expensive treatment & lack of awareness.
Introduction
Uniqueness of human dentitionDefinition
Role of forensic science
Fields of activity of forensic odontology
History of forensic odontology
The need for identification of human remains
Techniques of human identification
Comparative identification
Mass disaster identification
Reconstructive/dental profiling
Identification of ethnic origin
Sex determination
Age estimation
Criminal investigation
Conclusion
References
Knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: Dental trauma in children is a significant oral health issue worldwide. School teachers are immediate seniors for
children in school, and they are considered as the primary care takers for them. Hence, the purpose of the study is to assess the
knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and to evaluate the
association between school environmental factors with teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards management of dental trauma.
Material And Methods: A total of 160 teachers from the government schools were included in the study. Data were collected using
a five part questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge, attitude, self-assessment, and possible strategies to change the
scenario. Data obtained from 160 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi
square test. Results: It was found that only 46.9% of the participant had adequate knowledge scores, and 60.6% of participant had a
positive attitude towards emergency management of dental trauma in school. The knowledge and attitude categories of school
teachers when compared with the length of service and those who witnessed traumatic dental injury in school using Pearson’ chi
square test statistically significant association (p <0.05) was observed with attitude scores only, while knowledge scores were not
significant. Conclusion: This study reveals a serious lack of knowledge and awareness among school teachers regarding emergency
management of dental injuries. We suggest educational programs should be developed for the school teachers to improve their
knowledge so that proper dental first-aid procedures can be achieved
KEYWORDS: Attitude, Emergency Treatment, First Aid, Knowledge, Schools
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Dental Myth, Fallacies and Misconceptions and its Association with Socio-Dental Impact Locus of Control Scale
1. 14 International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences • Jul-Aug 2015 • Vol 1 • Issue 2
Original Article
ABSTRACT
Introduction: It is important to know about the myths and misconceptions, especially in India, where general and oral health is
embroiled in various myths and ritualistic practices.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of dental myth and utilizes socio-dental impact
locus of control scale (SILOC) health model, as the theoretical framework to understand the dental myth and belief and possible
reasons for noncompliance with recommended health action.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by the out-patients attending dental institute, in Bengaluru
city. A total of 150 individuals were included, data were collected using a pretested and validated three-part questionnaire
including demographic data, questions regarding dental myth, and seven items SILOC. Data obtained were statistically analyzed
using descriptive statistics, t-test, and spearman’s rank correlation.
Results: Almost all the participant believed in one or more dental myth. About 71.3% of the participant had high (≥11) SILOC
scores. Statistically significant difference (P 0.001) was found between mean SILOC scores and gender with males having
a lower mean score (14.94) as compared to females (18.62). When SILOC scores and myth scores were compared against
socioeconomic status, it showed statistically significant difference (P 0.001), between them. The SILOC scores highly correlated
with myth scores.
Conclusion: Various dental myth and false perception still lurk in the minds of the population, to discourage the unhealthy
practices; we the health professionals have to provide intensive health education and promote the adoption of healthy practices.
It would be prudent to familiarize professionals to understand these myths and beliefs as they act as barriers toward seeking
treatment.
Key words: Culture, Gender, Internal-external control, Oral health, Social class
INTRODUCTION
Oral health means much more than healthy teeth. Despite
remarkable worldwide progress in the field of diagnostics,
curative and preventive health, there are people still living in
isolation far away from civilization with their traditional values,
customs, beliefs, and myth intact. Cultural forces bind people
and also profoundly shape their lives. Culture has its own
influence on health and sickness and that is greatly depicted
by the values, beliefs, knowledge, and practices shared by
the people.1
Good oral health is a major resource for social-
economic and personal development of individuals. It is
observed that some individuals who never had oral health
symptoms but still go for care while others, in spite of the
presence of symptoms, do not seek dental care. Beliefs
and values within the general population associated with
these behaviors are not well-understood.2
Myths are defined
as stories shared by a group of people, which are part of
Dental Myth, Fallacies and Misconceptions and its
Association with Socio-Dental Impact Locus of Control
Scale
Ripika Sharma1
, Pramila Mallaiah2
, Shanthi Margabandhu3
, G K Umashankar4
, Shweta Verma1
1
Post-graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka,
India, 2
Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,
3
Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India, 4
Reader,
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
DOI: 10.17354/ijpphs/2015/11
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
Dr. Ripika Sharma,
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College, 1/36, Cline Road, Cooke
Town, Bengaluru - 560 005, Karnataka, India. E-mail: ripikasharma@gmail.com
Submission: 06-2015; Peer Review: 07-2015; Acceptance: 08-2015; Publication: 08-2015;
2. International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences • Jul-Aug 2015 • Vol 1 • Issue 2 15
www.ijpphs.comSharma, et al.: Dental Myth and its Association with SILOC
their cultural identity, having a strong influence in seeking
treatment during illness. In scientific terms myth is referred
to as extensive and unquestioned false perspective. The
concept of dental myth usually emerges from false traditional
beliefs and non-scientific knowledge. These myths are further
firmly fixed in the psyche of future generation over a space
of time, and thus guide the patients in the wrong protocol
which can lead to difficulty for dentist to provide satisfying
treatment.3,4
Individual beliefs and values about maintaining or regaining
health as illustrated by one’s behavior falls under the theoretical
domain of locus of control (LOC) (Rotter, 1954). LOC has long
been related to physical and psychosocial outcomes, as well
as with preventive behavior. Scales with some success have
been developed and utilized to measure both physical and
psychosocial development.
However, oral health outcomes have been given the least
attention. One reason for the same is the scarcity of adequate
measures that assess LOC and its effect on oral health
behavior. The most recognized multidimensional health locus
of control scale utilized to measure general health (Wallston
et al., 1978); this scale was not recommended by its authors
for use with other more specific health conditions such as oral
health behavior. An LOC scale specific to oral health may be
useful for many oral health providers and oral health educators.
Building on the existing, but limited empirical foundation may
contribute to a better understanding of oral health seeking
behavior; whether a matter of belief in random chance, one’s
own internal beliefs, or through belief in powerful others outside
of one’s self.2
Many researchers have used the basic LOC scales but
found the scales needed to be modified to measure specific
diseasesorconditions.Thedisadvantageusingmultidimensional
scales is, they take more time to administer, provide more
in depth assessment and are difficult to score in a clinical
setting. Hence in the present study, a socio-dental impacts
LOC scale (SILOC) developed by Acharaya et al., is used. This
scale is short, easily adaptable to different populations and
age groups, the scale combines the advantages of the one-
dimensional and multidimensional scales by including three
subcategories of internal, powerful others, and chance on a
one-dimensional scale. Several studies suggested that people’s
general health beliefs were inherent to their culture and played
a key role in influencing their health care seeking and health
behaviors. Therefore, any health intervention must consider,
an understanding of culture, tradition, beliefs, and patterns of
family interactions.5
On exploration, it was found that not many studies had
been done, and not much data is available related to this
subject. There have been no studies reported in the literature
on the relationship between SILOC and dental myth, therefore
if the association is understood, health professionals can be
made more aware of the circumstances and can plan health
education intervention programs that might lead to the adoption
of particular LOC belief which may aid in improving the overall
oral health of the community.
The purpose of this current study is aimed at assessing
the prevalence of dental myth among the population and to
determine the association of SILOC scale with the dental myth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was a “cross-sectional study” conducted
to assess the prevalence of dental myth and to determine the
association of SILOC scale with the dental myth among the
outpatients attending dental institute.
Study Population
The study was conducted by the outpatient in the age of
20-60 years visiting Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental
College and Hospital in Bengaluru city. All the patients attending
the outpatient department (OPD) and who voluntarily agree to
participate were included in the study. Confidentiality of the
identity of a person was maintained.
Sampling Technique
Sampling: The sample size was calculated based on the number
of out-patients visiting dental institute.
Sample size was calculated using the following formula:
n = [DEFF*Np (1−p)]/[(d2
/Z2
1-α/2
* (N−1)+p* (1−p)]
The sample size calculated with confidence level 95%
was 132
Assuming 10% nonresponse rate sample size was rounded
off to 150
Data was collected over a period of 2-month from
March 2015 to June 2015
Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review
board.
Inclusion Criteria
• Patients attending dental OPD in the age group of
20-60 years.
Exclusion Criteria
• People who refused to participate in the study
• People who could not comprehend the questions of the
study despite the assistance.
Collection of Data
Questionnaire
A questionnaire was developed to assess the prevalence
of dental myth among the population and to determine the
association of SILOC scale with the dental myth. All the questions
were given alternative choices to help the respondents to make
quick decisions, and respondents were asked to tick the most
appropriate answer from the given list of answers.
Before the questionnaire was definitely established, the
questions were pretested in a pilot study on 20 patients, to
assess their ability to understand it. The questionnaire appeared
to be easily understood and was finalized with no modification.
Its respective psychometric properties were assessed as
follows. Content validity was assessed by a panel of ten experts
made up of staff members of all the departments of Mathrusri
Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College and hospital, Bengaluru.
The purpose was to depict those items with a high degree of
agreement among experts Aiken’s V index was used to quantify
the concordance between experts for each item and the values
higher than 0.85 were always obtained. Cronbach alpha was
0.74 indicating good reliability.
Permission was obtained from the institution authorities to
administer the questionnaire to the patients. The objective of
the study was explained to all who participated in the study
3. 16 International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences • Jul-Aug 2015 • Vol 1 • Issue 2
Sharma, et al.: Dental Myth and its Association with SILOC www.ijpphs.com
and also informed consent was obtained from all them. The
completed questionnaire was collected back in 10-15 min by
the investigator and checked for completeness. Any incomplete
forms were asked to be completed.
The questionnaire was divided into three parts:
Section 1: Contained questions on personal data that recorded
name, age, gender, occupation, religion, and monthly income.
The revised Kuppuswamy Scale was used to assess the
socioeconomic status (SES). This most widely used Indian scale
divides the population into 5 categories ranging from 1; the
highest SES group to 5; the lowest, based on their educational
level, occupation and income.
Section 2: Consisted of 16 close-ended questions regarding
dental myth. The questions 1-5 were based on myth regarding
dental caries. The questions 6-9 were about myths regarding
tobacco and oral cancer. The questions 10-16 were related to
dental problem and treatment related dental myth.
Section 3: Consisted of seven item SILOC scale. The first two
items of the scale evaluates the level of the individual’s ownership
regarding his or her oral health status; items three and four,
evaluates for the impairment caused by dental caries or missing
teeth or periodontal disease, item five, evaluates for the oral activity
limitation, and items six and seven evaluates for the restriction
in participation and interaction with the society due to poor oral
health. The responses for the items were in the Likert format (1-5)
with the lower scores signifying “internality” and the higher scores
pointing to an “external” LOC. The scoring ranged from 7 to 35.
The interquartile range for the SILOC scores was used to classify
the population into low, moderate and high LOC groups.
For further statistical analysis, responses to the questions
were recorded as correct or incorrect and each of the correct
answers was given a score of 1 and the wrong answer score of
0 for the questions regarding dental myth.
Statistical Analysis
Data from the returned questionnaire; were encoded and
statistical analysis was performed using the software statistical
package for social sciences (IBM SPSS version 21). Descriptive
statistics, included percentages, frequencies, and t-test,
and Chi-square were used to find out significant differences
P 0.05. A scatter plot was used to visualize the relationship
between dental myth and SILOC.
RESULTS
The present study was a cross-sectional design, using
structured questionnaire; the study was conducted to assess
the prevalence of dental myth and to determine the association
of SILOC scale with dental myth among the outpatients
attending the dental institute.
Section 1
Demographic details (Table 1)
A total of 150 adults aged 20-60 years attending Mathrusri
Ramabai Ambedkar dental hospital OPD were approached
to participate in the study. The participants had a mean age
of 35.4 years, with about 50.7% of the participant in the age
group 20-40 years of age (Figure 1). Among 150 participants,
76 (50.7%) were males, and 74 (49.3%) were females (Figure 2).
The majority of participants were from the lower middle-class
category of SES 73 (48.7%) (Figure 3).
Section 2
Responses for questions regarding dental myth
Table 2 shows the descriptive for questions under the domain
“myths related to dental decay, tobacco and oral cancer, dental
problems, and treatment related myth.”
Table 1: Demographic characteristics
Demographics Frequency (n (%))
Age (years)
18‑25 29 (19.3)
26‑40 76 (50.7)
40 45 (30.0)
Gender
Male 76 (50.7)
Female 74 (49.3)
Occupation
Unemployed 3 (2)
Semi‑skilled worker 10 (6.7)
Skilled worker 41 (27.3)
Clerical, shop owner, farmer 25 (16.7)
Semi profession 22 (14.7)
Profession 49 (32.7)
Education
Primary school certificate 11 (7.3)
Middle school certificate 40 (26.7)
High school certificate 49 (32.7)
Intermediate o post high school 9 (6.0)
Graduate or post graduate 18 (12.0)
Honors 23 (15.3)
Income: (In rupees)
1600 3 (2)
4810‑8009 10 (6.7)
8010‑12019 41 (27.3)
12020‑16019 47 (31.3)
16020‑32049 49 (32.7)
SES
Upper 31 (20.7)
Upper middle 18 (12.0)
Lower middle 73 (48.7)
Upper lower 26 (17.3)
Lower 2 (1.3)
SES: Socioeconomic status
Figure 1: Age distribution
4. International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences • Jul-Aug 2015 • Vol 1 • Issue 2 17
www.ijpphs.comSharma, et al.: Dental Myth and its Association with SILOC
Myth related to dental caries
About 55 (36.3%) of the participants had a myth that dental decay
occurs because their teeth are soft, 88 (58.7%) of the participants
believed that decay in milk teeth need not be treated as they are
going to fall off anyways and 81 (54%) of the participants had
misconception that placing cloves on the carious tooth relieves
pain. 74 (49.3%) of the participant responded that they would
prefer to undergo extraction when in pain rather than saving it. The
majority of the participant 105 (70%) had wrong belief that swelling
caused by painful tooth should be fomented with hot water.
Myth related to tobacco and oral cancer
Almost 117 (78%) of the participant were aware about the
fact that chewing of pan is not good for oral health, almost
124 (82.7%) participant disagreed that only aged people suffer
from oral cancer. About 40 (26.7%) participant believed that
chewing of paan improves bowel movement after heavy meals.
Chewing betel nut quid with slaked lime prevents gum problem
was believed by 45 (30%) of the participant.
Myth related to dental problems and treatment
Most participants 105 (70%) had a notion that all dental
treatment are painful. About 105 (70%) of the participant
believed that it is not important to visit a dentist unless in pain.
About 100 (66.7%) believed that tooth once treated will not
require any further treatment in future. More than half of the
participants believed that professional cleaning by a dentist
causes loosening of teeth. About 96 (64.0%) participants
believed in the myth that extraction of upper jaw teeth affects
eye vision. 95 (63.3%) had an opinion that bleeding while
brushing is a normal phenomenon.
Almost all the participant believed in one or more dental
myth.
Section 3
Seven item SILOC score
SILOC scale consisted of seven items (Table 3) shows the
descriptive for questions under the domain for SILOC. The
responses were in the Likert format (1-5); the scoring ranged
from 7 to 35. SILOC scores were classified based on their score
into low (≤7), moderate (8-10), and high (≥11) and the proportion
Figure 2: Gender distribution
Figure 3: Socioeconomic status
Table 2: Responses of participants regarding dental myth
Questions n (%)
Agree Disagree Don’t know
Myth related to dental decay: Dental decay occurs because my teeth are soft 55 (36.7) 79 (52) 16 (10.7)
Decay in milk teeth requires no treatment as they are going to fall anyways 88 (58.7) 53 (35.3) 9 (6.0)
Placing cloves in a decayed tooth always relieves pain 81 (54) 60 (40) 9 (6)
Any tooth pain due to decay, it is better to extract rather than saving 74 (49.3) 76 (50.7) 0 (0)
Swelling caused by painful tooth should be fomented with hot water 105 (70) 45 (30) 0 (0)
Tobacco related dental myth: Chewing of pan is good for oral health 22 (14.7) 117 (78) 11 (7.3)
Only aged people get cancer in the mouth 19 (12.7) 124 (82.7) 7 (4.7)
Chewing of pan improves bowel movement after heavy meal 40 (26.7) 92 (61.3) 18 (12.0)
Betel nut quid chewing with slaked lime can keep gum problems away 45 (30) 93 (62) 12 (8)
Dental problems and treatment related dental myth: All dental treatments are painful 05 (70) 41 (27.3) 4 (2.7)
If I am not in pain I do not need to visit the dentist 115 (76.7) 33 (22.0) 2 (1.3)
Extraction of teeth of upper jaw causes loss of vision 96 (64.0) 51 (34.0) 3 (2.0)
A tooth once treated does not require any more treatment 100 (66.7) 48 (32.0) 2 (1.3)
Cleaning of teeth by a dentist causes loosening of teeth 89 (59.3) 60 (40) 1 (0.7)
Bleeding of gums is normal during brushing 95 (63.3) 55 (36) 0 (0)
More you brush using hard bristles, whiter your teeth becomes 15 (10) 135 (90) 0 (0)
5. 18 International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences • Jul-Aug 2015 • Vol 1 • Issue 2
Sharma, et al.: Dental Myth and its Association with SILOC www.ijpphs.com
of participants in these groups were 28 (18.7%), 15 (10%), and
107 (71.3%), respectively, (Table 4 and Figure 4).
Mean SILOC scores and mean myth scores were compared
against gender, we found statistically significant difference
(P 0.001), between mean SILOC scores and gender, with
males having a lower mean score (14.94) as compared to
females (18.62) (Table 5). There was no statistically significant
difference found between myth scores and gender.
When SILOC scores and myth scores were compared
against SES, it showed statistically significant difference
(P 0.001), between them (Tables 6 and 7).
On comparing mean SILOC Scores with mean myth scores
using t-test, they were found to be significantly associated with
each other (P 0.001) (Table 8).
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to
correlate SILOC scores with dental myth scores; it was seen
that those with higher SILOC scores had significantly higher
myth scores (Figure 5).
DISCUSSION
India, a developing country faces many challenges in rendering
oral health needs. There is a very strong influence of the various
myths on health seeking behavior in Indian population consisting
of people from different cultural backgrounds. Myths are part
and parcel of everyone’s lives. Myths are a roadblock for access
to better oral health among the population.
Table 4: Distribution of SILOC scores in the study population
SILOC scores n (%)
Low 28 (18.7)
Medium 15 (10)
High 107 (71.3)
SILOC: Socio‑dental impact locus of control scale
Table 5: Mean SILOC scores and myth scores in relation to gender
Gender n Mean SILOC P value Mean myth score P value
Male 76 14.94 0.001#
7.75 0.08#
Female 74 18.62 8.77
P≤0.05: Significant, #
Denotes student t‑test, SILOC: Socio‑dental impact
locus of control scale
Figure 4: Distribution of SILOC scores in the study population
Figure 5: Scatter plot for the relationship between dental myth and socio-dental
impact locus of control scale scores
Table 3: Responses of participants for SILOC
Items n (%)
Only me,
no one
else
Mainly me, but
also my family,
*dentist and
friends to a
small extent
Mainly my family,
*dentist, and
friends but also
to a small extent,
myself
Mainly fate or
god but also my
family, *dentist
and friends to a
small extent
Fate or
god only,
definitely
not me
Who is responsible for keeping my teeth healthy? 77 (51.3) 25 (16.7) 4 (2.7) 33 (22.0) 11 (7.3)
If I have good oral health, who should get the credit? 50 (33.3) 37 (24.7) 15 (10) 21 (14) 27 (18)
If I get tooth decay or ache, who is to blame? 78 (52.0) 10 (6.7) 19 (12.7) 38 (25.3) 5 (3.3)
If I have missing teeth, or sensitive teeth or bleeding/swollen gums,
who is to blame?
110 (73.3) 8 (5.3) 30 (20.0) 0 (0) 2 (1.3)
If I have difficulty in eating, speaking, chewing and enjoying food
because of problems with my teeth or mouth, who is to blame?
94 (62.7) 30 (20) 0 (0) 12 (8.0) 14 (9.3)
If I have difficulty in smiling, mixing with friends or indulging in social
activities because of problems with my teeth, who is to blame?
47 (31.3) 11 (7.3) 13 (8.7) 66 (44.0) 13 (8.7)
If people make fun of me because of the condition of my teeth and
mouth, who is to blame?
37 (24.7) 12 (8.0) 0 (0) 33 (22) 68 (45.3)
SILOC: Socio‑dental impact locus of control scale
6. International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences • Jul-Aug 2015 • Vol 1 • Issue 2 19
www.ijpphs.comSharma, et al.: Dental Myth and its Association with SILOC
As systems are becoming more entangled and people’s
expectations of health-care are increasing with great flare.
Understanding the myths and misconceptions about oral
diseases is of prime importance in providing excellent care
and health education to both patients and healthy individuals,
as the high prevalence of these myths will further prevent such
population from obtaining proper dental care even if it could be
made available to them.
Myths are usually passed on from one generation to the
next and can be prevalent in a population due to a variety of
reasons such as poor education, cultural beliefs, and social
misconceptions. It is very difficult to break this chain as it is
deep-seated in the society. Hence, it is important to know
about these myths and misconceptions.6,7
Especially in India, where general and oral health is
embroiled in various myths and ritualistic practices. It would
be prudent to familiarize professionals to understand these
myths and practices to assist the people, to attain behavioral
modifications. Unfortunately, little epidemiological data is
available for India. Some common myths regarding oral health
prevail in the populations which may act as barriers toward
seeking treatment and have an unscientific base and can prove
to be harmful to health and also life threatening. Inadequate
knowledge of the etiology, course, and outcome of disorders
and disease states makes it difficult to initiate health behavioral
changes.8
In the present study, a SILOC developed by S. Acharya
et al., is used, the possible advantages of the SILOC scale is that
it can be adapted for use in different age groups and cultures by
modifying the responses. For example, in this study, for “powerful
others,” the “family, friends and dentist” were included as people
who would wield a powerful influence on their lives. “Family” was
an umbrella term which included parents, grandparents, siblings
and other relatives. The reason for this was that the extended
family occupies a central position in Asian societies by providing
material, moral and emotional sustenance and supports to all its
members. Hence, the role of the family influence on individual
attitudes cannot be overestimated. Similarly, for “Chance” LOC,
the responses were “fate” and/or “God.” India is well known for
its concept of “Karma” which instills a fatalistic attitude toward
life. An individual who has an external LOC would blame his or
her fate or God for their oral problems. This scenario would be
same in most Asian cultures.9
The results of the current study in context to myth regarding
dental caries showed that more than 50% of the participants
believed that decay in milk teeth need not be treated as they are
going to fall off anyways and it is in accordance with the finding
of Vignesh et al., and Khan et al. These findings reveal that the
masses are still not aware about the importance of primary/milk
teeth, the importance of milk teeth should be communicated to
masses as they are vital for masticatory function, aesthetics, for
maintenance of space for the erupting permanent teeth, and
aids in development of jaws.1,3,4
The majority of the participants responded that they place
clove on the decayed tooth to get rid of pain. As we know a
toothache is a dreadful thing, unfortunately, they have a nasty habit
of striking in the night, thanks to changes in blood flow, and when
the dentist’s office is closed. Cloves are a spice hailing from India
and Indonesia, used to warm mulled drinks and chai. Traditionally
been thought to cure toothache and this old wives’ tale has
scientific merit. Cloves contain eugenol, a phenyl propene that is
used commonly in medicine and dentistry as a local antiseptic
and anesthetic. Chewing on cloves can serve to numb and clean
the affected area. We should also keep in mind, that cloves numb
toothaches but aren’t a replacement for treatment.10,11
Almost half of the participant responded that they would
prefer undergoing extraction when in pain rather than saving
it. This may be because people have inadequate knowledge
about treatment modalities in saving a tooth, or they feel once
the tooth is infected and is painful it’s better to knock out the
teeth at one shot rather than undergoing multiple sitting of root
canal treatment which is also more expensive.3
Table 6: Association of SILOC scores with SES of the study population
SILOC
scores
SES P value
Upper class Upper middle class Lower middle class Upper Lower class Lower class
Low 24 4 0 0 0 0.001*
Medium 3 1 11 0 0
High 4 13 61 25 3
Total 31 18 72 26 3
P≤0.05: Significant, *Denotes Chi‑square, SILOC: Socio‑dental impact locus of control scale, SES: Socioeconomic status
Table 7: Association of dental myth scores with SES of the study population
Myth
scores
SES P value
Upper class Upper middle class Lower middle class Upper Lower class Lower class
Low (8) 29 17 22 2 0 0.001*
High (8) 2 1 50 24 3
Total 31 18 72 26 3
P≤0.05: Significant: *Denotes Chi‑square, SES: Socioeconomic status
Table 8: Comparison of mean myth and mean SILOC score
Mean Scores Mean±SD P value
Mean myth score 8.25±3.60 0.001*
Mean SILOC score 16.76±7.04
P≤0.05: Significant, *Denotes t‑test, SILOC: Socio‑dental impact locus of
control scale, SD: Standard deviation
7. 20 International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences • Jul-Aug 2015 • Vol 1 • Issue 2
Sharma, et al.: Dental Myth and its Association with SILOC www.ijpphs.com
The majority of the participant had wrong belief that swelling
caused by painful tooth should be fomented with hot water. In
reality fomentation done for reducing the pain associated with
a decayed tooth may not worsen the pain at times, but it may
lead to cellulitis in some cases.12
Most participants had a notion that all dental treatment
are painful; these findings are in accordance with the findings
of study done by Khan et al.4
About 70% of the participant
believed that it is not important to visit a dentist unless in pain.
Pain is the symptom which occurs only in the final stages of
dental caries and providing treatment at this phase is far more
expensive; these findings reveal that the participant had very
poor knowledge about prevention of dental diseases. More than
half of the participants believed that professional cleaning by a
dentist causes loosening of teeth, the results are in line with the
findings of study done by Vignesh et al.3
In fact in reality, it is
recommended to get professional cleaning done every 6 months
tomaintainproperoralhygiene.Themajorityoftheparticipanthad
an opinion that bleeding while brushing is a normal phenomenon
which in reality is the early sign of gum problem and if adequate
measures taken at this time to maintain proper oral hygiene it
can prevent further progression of disease and morbidity. Most
of the participants believed in the myth that extraction of upper
jaw teeth affects eye vision. This is a misconception inherited
due to false exaggerated information promulgated by those who
had previous personal negative dental experiences.13
Vision is
not affected in any way by undertaking treatment of the upper
teeth including its extraction.
In the current study, one positive finding was that most of
the participants were aware about the adverse effect of pan
chewing.
MeanSILOCscoresandmeanMythscoreswhencompared
against gender statistically significant difference was found
between mean SILOC scores and gender, with males having
lower mean score as compared to females. These findings are
not in accordance with the study was done by Acharaya et al.
High SILOC scores signifying externality, the reason behind this
may be women have strong faith in god and in god’s action;
religious faith attenuates the women’s fear and reduces their
perceived threat of the disease. Fatalism has been defined as
the perception that individuals have the limited influence to
change the course of the disease, to detect it early or to prevent
it. It is the belief that an individual’s health is beyond their control
and that survival is based on luck, fate, and destiny. Fatalistic
attitudes may lead to a lack of participation. Faith as a facilitating
factor can be encouraged and supported by the health care
system if health promotion messages are tailored to appeal the
masses. Fatalism, along with fear, is a perception that is formed
for a long-time through one’s sociocultural context and it is too
difficult to uproot, one possible way to counteract fatalism is by
providing knowledge, By doing that, we will “plant the seeds”
for future efforts.14-16
In the present, the mean SILOC scores were significantly
higher among those who had higher myth score, with positive
correlation seen between SILOC scores and myth scores.
Previous research has shown that an external LOC was
associated with poorer oral health indicators.
Irrespective of the area of residence (whether residing in
urban or rural areas) every one of us, have our own beliefs and
practices concerning health and disease.17
Limitations of Our Study
Data reported in this study cannot be generalized to the entire
Indian population since the study was conducted in urban
setting. Exploration of research, to know other myths prevailing
in the society is necessary. Furthermore, quantitative and
qualitative research studies on a larger sample and for a longer
period are essential to circumvent the limitations of the current
study, and more research is needed to validate the results of
this study.
CONCLUSION
The study population has considerable belief in myth and higher
SILOC scores, pointing to an “external” LOC.
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HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:
Sharma R, Mallaiah P, Margabandhu S, Umashankar GK, Verma S. Dental
Myth, Fallacies and Misconceptions and its Association with Socio-
Dental Impact Locus of Control Scale. Int J Prevent Public Health Sci
2015;1(2):14-20.