Reach, Benefit, Empower: Indicators for measuring impacts of programs and pol...IFPRI-PIM
This presentation was given by Agnes Quinsumbing (IFPRI), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Lessons learned in using process tracing for evaluationMEASURE Evaluation
Access the recording for this Data for Impact (D4I) webinar at https://www.data4impactproject.org/lessons-learned-in-using-process-tracing-for-evaluation/
Managing missing values in routinely reported data: One approach from the Dem...MEASURE Evaluation
This Data for Impact webinar was held in December 2020. Access the recording and learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/managing-missing-values-in-routinely-reported-data-one-approach-from-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
Data for Impact hosted a one-hour webinar sharing guidance for using routine data in evaluations. More: https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/routine-data-use-in-evaluation-practical-guidance/
Reach, Benefit, Empower: Indicators for measuring impacts of programs and pol...IFPRI-PIM
This presentation was given by Agnes Quinsumbing (IFPRI), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Lessons learned in using process tracing for evaluationMEASURE Evaluation
Access the recording for this Data for Impact (D4I) webinar at https://www.data4impactproject.org/lessons-learned-in-using-process-tracing-for-evaluation/
Managing missing values in routinely reported data: One approach from the Dem...MEASURE Evaluation
This Data for Impact webinar was held in December 2020. Access the recording and learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/managing-missing-values-in-routinely-reported-data-one-approach-from-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
Data for Impact hosted a one-hour webinar sharing guidance for using routine data in evaluations. More: https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/routine-data-use-in-evaluation-practical-guidance/
Business Process Analysis for Your Records Management ProgramMARAC Bethlehem PC
A presentation given by Geof Huth on 27 January 2016 to the Long Island Chapter of ARMA. The presentation gives an introduction to how to use BPA in a records management environment.
Impacts of Rural Land Certification in Ethiopia: Empirical evidences from the...essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
Evaluation report is the most important part of an evaluation project. Learn the various aspects that need to be included in an evaluation report. Check out our course on program evaluation by clicking into this link - https://www.udemy.com/course/program-evaluation-for-beginners/?referralCode=C8A8FB44E3313F7F3CF0
Electronic Records Management An OverviewKen Matthews
It's estimated that more than 90% of the records being created today are electronic. Coupled with the overwhelming growth of electronic messages - most notably e-mail and instant messaging - the management of electronic records has become a critical business issue. How that information is managed has significant business, legal, and technology ramifications. Ultimately, it doesn't matter what medium is used to create, deliver, or store information when determining if content is a record and should be managed accordingly. Electronic Records Management is not a total solution – it must work in concert with good records management programs, good agency business practices, and reliable information technology infrastructures.
This presentation is intended to provide a foundation to address the challenges of effective Electronic Records Management particularly, but not exclusively in a government context.
“Focus group interviews typically have five characteristics or features: (a) people, who (b) possess certain characteristics, (c) provide data (d) of a qualitative nature (e) in a focused discussion.”
-Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (Krueger)
Understanding records management print and electronicFe Angela Verzosa
lecture presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at the Seminar Workshop sponsored by De La Salle University- Dasmarinas, on 4 December 2014 at Luis Aguado Viewing Room, Aklatang Emilio Aguinaldo, DLSU-Dasmarinas, Cavite
Led by Tara Nutley
The Data Demand and Use Training Materials increase the skills of M&E officers and health program staff to conduct data analysis, interpretation, presentation and use for health program improvement. Download Data Demand and Use Training Materials: https://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/tools/data-demand-use/data-demand-and-use-training-resources
Webinar Recording: http://universityofnc.adobeconnect.com/p9rbiydyl2a/
ODF III - 3.15.16 - Day Two Morning SessionsMichael Kerr
Slide presentations delivered during morning sessions of Day Two of the California Statewide Health and Human Services Open DataFest - March 14 - 15, 2016, Sacramento, CA
Business Process Analysis for Your Records Management ProgramMARAC Bethlehem PC
A presentation given by Geof Huth on 27 January 2016 to the Long Island Chapter of ARMA. The presentation gives an introduction to how to use BPA in a records management environment.
Impacts of Rural Land Certification in Ethiopia: Empirical evidences from the...essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
Evaluation report is the most important part of an evaluation project. Learn the various aspects that need to be included in an evaluation report. Check out our course on program evaluation by clicking into this link - https://www.udemy.com/course/program-evaluation-for-beginners/?referralCode=C8A8FB44E3313F7F3CF0
Electronic Records Management An OverviewKen Matthews
It's estimated that more than 90% of the records being created today are electronic. Coupled with the overwhelming growth of electronic messages - most notably e-mail and instant messaging - the management of electronic records has become a critical business issue. How that information is managed has significant business, legal, and technology ramifications. Ultimately, it doesn't matter what medium is used to create, deliver, or store information when determining if content is a record and should be managed accordingly. Electronic Records Management is not a total solution – it must work in concert with good records management programs, good agency business practices, and reliable information technology infrastructures.
This presentation is intended to provide a foundation to address the challenges of effective Electronic Records Management particularly, but not exclusively in a government context.
“Focus group interviews typically have five characteristics or features: (a) people, who (b) possess certain characteristics, (c) provide data (d) of a qualitative nature (e) in a focused discussion.”
-Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (Krueger)
Understanding records management print and electronicFe Angela Verzosa
lecture presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at the Seminar Workshop sponsored by De La Salle University- Dasmarinas, on 4 December 2014 at Luis Aguado Viewing Room, Aklatang Emilio Aguinaldo, DLSU-Dasmarinas, Cavite
Led by Tara Nutley
The Data Demand and Use Training Materials increase the skills of M&E officers and health program staff to conduct data analysis, interpretation, presentation and use for health program improvement. Download Data Demand and Use Training Materials: https://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/tools/data-demand-use/data-demand-and-use-training-resources
Webinar Recording: http://universityofnc.adobeconnect.com/p9rbiydyl2a/
ODF III - 3.15.16 - Day Two Morning SessionsMichael Kerr
Slide presentations delivered during morning sessions of Day Two of the California Statewide Health and Human Services Open DataFest - March 14 - 15, 2016, Sacramento, CA
Sills MR. Overview of the SAFTINet Program. Presented to the Emergency Department Research Committee, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine. 6 January 2015.
Peter Embi: Leveraging Informatics to Create a Learning Health SystemPAÍS DIGITAL
Presentación del Dr. Peter Embi, Presidente y CEO del Regenstrief Institute, en el marco del Primer Simposio Salud: Nuevas Tecnologías, Avances y Desafíos, realizado en Santiago de Chile los días 18 y 19 de julio, 2017
Community engagement in public health interventions for disadvantaged groups:...Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of community engagement in public health interventions for disadvantaged groups. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/tUZ-u7QbMCY.
Alison O'Mara-Eves, Senior Researcher, University College London, EPPI-Centre and Ginny Brunton, Senior Health Researcher, University College London, EPPI-Centre presented findings from their review:
O'Mara-Eves A., Brunton G., Oliver S., Kavanagh J., Jamal F., & Thomas J. (2015). The effectiveness of community engagement in public health interventions for disadvantaged groups: A meta-analysis . BMC Public Health, 15, 129.
Community engagement is becoming an increasingly popular component included in the development and implementation of public health interventions. Involved community members take on roles that range from merely being informed, to being consulted, to collaborating or leading on the design, delivery and evaluation of public health strategies. This review examines the use of public health interventions with a community engagement component, particularly for its use in reducing health inequities among disadvantaged populations. Findings of the review suggest community engagement in public health interventions has an effect on several health outcomes, including health behaviours and self-efficacy. This webinar will examine the effectiveness and components of public health interventions that include community engagement and the impact on health outcomes.
Join us for a discussion of methods and tools that can be used to support evidence-informed decision making in the context of health equity. Learn about resources to help you apply health equity principles to planning processes that contribute to evidence informed public health.
Guest speakers from Niagara Region Public Health discussed the use of the 10 promising practices to address health equity. This included the results of a qualitative study to identify barriers and facilitators, and provided recommendations for strengthening planning and implementation practice to improve health equity.
This webinar is jointly produced by the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) and the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health (NCCDH), and is supported through funding from the Public Health Agency of Canada.
The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools is funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and affiliated with McMaster University. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the Public Health Agency of Canada.
NCCMT is one of six National Collaborating Centres (NCCs) for Public Health. The Centres promote and improve the use of scientific research and other knowledge to strengthen public health practices and policies in Canada.
Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies: What's th...Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 60 minute webinar examining breastfeeding support interventions for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/fxDY-Q87xaY
Alison McFadden, Senior Research Fellow, Director, Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee and Anna Gavine, Research Fellow School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee will be leading the session and presenting findings from their recent Cochrane review:
McFadden A, Gavine A, Renfrew M, Wade A, Buchanan P, Taylor J, et al. (2017). Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(2), CD001141.
Evidence suggests that not breastfeeding negatively impacts the health of both infants and mothers. Additionally, data demonstrates an inadequate uptake of the World Health Organization’s recommendations regarding type and duration of breastfeeding in many countries. This review examines the impact of breastfeeding support interventions on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity in healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies, compared to usual care. One-hundred trials with over 83,246 mother-infant pairs were included in this review. Seventy-three of the one-hundred trials were involved in the data analyses. Findings suggest that breastfeeding support interventions reduce cessation of ‘any breastfeeding’ before 4 to 6 weeks and 6 months, and cessation of ‘exclusive breastfeeding’ at 4 to 6 weeks and at 6 months. This webinar will provide an overview of the impact of support on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity in healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.
Social Networks for Data Use: How we can leverage a world of connections to i...MEASURE Evaluation
Presented by Michelle Li, MEASURE Evaluation; Daines Mgidange, PATH; and Sarah Romorini, Population Services International, for a December 2017 webinar.
Interventions for preventing elder abuse: What's the evidence?Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of interventions for preventing elder abuse.
Philip Baker, Australia Regional Director APACPH, School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology led the session and presented findings from their review:
Baker PRA, Francis DP, Hairi NN, Othman S, Choo WY. (2016). Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016, CD010321
http://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=interventions-preventing-abuse-elderly-29428
Many older adults experience some form of abuse (psychological, physical, and sexual) that often goes unreported. Elder abuse is associated with morbidity and premature mortality. This review examines the effectiveness of interventions for preventing elder abuse in the home, institutions and community settings. Findings of the review suggest there is uncertainty in the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve knowledge of caregivers about elder abuse and uncertainty on its effect of reducing abuse. This webinar will examine the effectiveness and components of interventions that prevent elder abuse.
This Data for Impact webinar took place October 29, 2020. Learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/use-of-routine-data-for-economic-evaluations/
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Surgical Site Infections, pathophysiology, and prevention.pptx
Demystifying Disaggregated Data: Factors that Affect Collection and Use of Sex- and Age-Disaggregated Data
1. Demystifying Disaggregated
Data:
Factors that Affect Collection and Use
of Sex- and Age-Disaggregated Data
Jessica Fehringer, PhD, MPH
MEASURE Evaluation
University of North Carolina
June 29, 2017
2. Outline
1. Introduction/Background
2. Barriers and Facilitators to Availability and
Use of Sex- and Age-Disaggregated Data
(Abby Cannon)
3. Gender-Related Data Quality Assessment:
Lessons from a pilot (Carolina Mejia)
3. Definitions
Sex Gender
Biological classification
of males and females
Determined at birth,
based on biological
characteristics
Hard to change
Socially constructed
roles, duties, rights,
responsibilities, and
accepted behaviors
associated with being
male and female
Varies across cultures
and over time
4. Gender and Health
Adherence to rigid
gender roles can
create a gender gap
• Unequal options,
opportunities, and
realities that women and
men experience
Women
Men
Source: World Health Organization,
“Why Gender and Health?”
5. Gender Matters in Health
Gender inequality is associated with poor outcomes
• Higher child mortality, stunting, and wasting
• Lower maternal healthcare use; higher maternal
mortality
• Higher fertility; lower family planning use
• Gender-based violence (GBV)
Gender inequality is a major driver of the HIV epidemic
• Leads to less awareness and knowledge of
HIV
• GBV fuels the HIV epidemic
• More risky sex; less HIV testing and treatment
6. Why Age Matters
Gender norms may
differ between age
and sex groups; they
affect health risk
factors and use of
health services.
Example: The “sugar daddy” or “blesser” phenomenon. Girls and
young women in sub-Saharan Africa have a higher risk of
acquiring HIV than older women and than male peers.
7. Gender and Health Systems
How can health systems address gender inequality?
An integrative approach considers the impact of gender on
the people, the health program, and the results.
Health
problem
Gender-
specific needs
and barriers
Desired
health
outcomes
8. Health Information Systems Data
Why gender?
Availability and use of disaggregated data
allow program managers and decision
makers to:
• Examine service delivery, treatment, and health
outcome data in depth
• Reveal differences between sexes, age groups, or
key populations
• Make informed decisions
9. Barriers and Facilitators
Availability and Use
of Sex- and Age-
Disaggregated Data
Abby Cannon, MPH, MSW
MEASURE Evaluation
University of North Carolina
June 29, 2017
10. 1) Determine the availability of sex- and age-
disaggregation of HIV and HIV-related
health indicators in two countries
2) Explore if and how sex- and age-
disaggregated data are used for decision
making
3) Investigate the facilitators and barriers to
collecting and using sex-disaggregated data
across indicators
Objectives
11. Methods
1) Desk review
• Understand the current levels of sex and age
disaggregation in national documents, including
discussion of gender issues.
2) Primary data collection
• Key informant interviews (n=28)
• Explore barriers to, and facilitators of collecting,
reporting, and using sex- and age-disaggregated
data
• Interviews were coded to identify relevant themes
12. Results: State of Disaggregation
HIV data are almost always disaggregated by
sex and age
• Variation in age bands used
• HIV retention data are captured by sex when
electronic data collection is available but not
when data are collected on paper
13. Results: State of Disaggregation
• Registers at the facility are disaggregated by sex
• When aggregated into summary tools, the male and
female fields are often combined into total number of
people
• More common for non-HIV technical area:
immunization, nutrition, tuberculosis, malaria
• Age bands vary more in non-HIV area
Collected by
sex & age
Aggregated Aggregated
14. Results: Use of Data
• Most key informants (KIs) could not offer
examples of using disaggregated data for
decision making.
• Most KIs expressed interest in seeing examples of
how disaggregated data have been used for
program and policy decisions.
• Opinions varied about who was responsible for
ensuring disaggregation and providing technical
support.
15. Facilitators
Value
Reporting
Requirements
Usefulness
“Epidemiologically,
why would you not
want to look at
male/female unless
the disease is only
for females or only
for males?”
─Kenyan stakeholder
“The disaggregation
brings in the human
aspects of what
you’re looking at. You
stop seeing statistics,
and start thinking of
them as people.”
─ Zambian
stakeholder
16. Barriers
Value
Reporting
Requirements
Usefulness Value
Reporting
Requirements
Lack of
Understanding
Resource
Burden
Reporting
Requirements
Lack of
Understanding
Resource
Burden
Program Priorities
Lack of
Understanding
“Under nutrition,
disaggregating
wouldn’t
necessarily be that
helpful. Children
are children.”
─ Zambian
stakeholder
“Once I enter into the
register, I now have to
get another paper and
start recording. And I
don’t have time. And
these then go to
another worker. It’s
time for an electronic
system, so we don’t
burden the health
worker.”
─ Zambian
stakeholder
17. Gender-Sensitive Indicators
• Knowledge of gender-sensitive indicators varied
• Few gender-sensitive indicators are routinely
collected
• Most key informants identified gender-based
violence (GBV) as a gender-sensitive indicator
that is collected
• When GBV data are collected, some forms
disaggregate by sex; others do not
• Often sexual violence is recorded, as well as provision of
post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), but other incidents may
be lost
18. Conclusions
• Much progress has been made in
gender integration and sex- and age-
disaggregation in health information
systems.
• Gaps remain and increased efforts in
data disaggregation should be
approached in the following way:
• As a collaborative endeavor, to avoid
overburdening healthcare workers while
balancing essential data needed to
identify and address inequities
19. Recommendations (1)
Advocacy and awareness:
• Increase advocacy and training at all levels
about importance of disaggregation in health
information systems
• Increase awareness of how disaggregation
helps meet program goals
• Include gender focal persons for advocacy and
technical assistance
20. Recommendations (2)
Data training and guidance:
• Develop guidelines on how disaggregated data
can and should be used
• Improve capacity at the facility and national
level to use disaggregated data for decision
making
21. Recommendations (3)
Improved systems:
• Maintain disaggregation throughout the health
information system
• Expand electronic data when feasible
• Conduct spot checks of records or data
verification of disaggregation
• Incorporate GBV in routine data
24. Headline goes here
Headline goes here
Headline goes here
Author Name and Degree Here
MEASURE Evaluation
Your organization here
Date for presentation if necessary
Name of meeting
Gender-Integrated Routine
Data Quality Assessment
Lessons Learned from a Pilot
Carolina Mejia, PhD, MPH
University of North Carolina
MEASURE Evaluation
June 29, 2017
25. Objectives
1. Adapt and pilot a supplemental tool for assessing
gender integration during routine data quality
assessment (RDQA+G ).
2. Assess M&E strengths and weaknesses of
Implementing partners (IPs) of gender- integrated
data.
3. Strengthen the capacity of IPs to collect and use
good-quality gender-related data, without
external support.
27. Methods: System Assessment
M&E
structures,
functions,
capabilities Indicator
definition &
reporting
guidelines
Data
collection,
reporting,
forms, and
toolsData
management
processes
Evidence
informed
decision
making
Links to the
national
reporting
system
GenderIntegration
28. Additional Gender Items
II – Indicator Definitions and Reporting Guidelines
If the M&E Unit has disseminated formal indicator definitions, is this documentation
accessible to staff?
Do indicator definitions include description of data disaggregation by sex?
Do indicator definitions include description of data disaggregation by age groups?
If the M&E Unit has disseminated reporting guidelines (what to report, the required
template, to whom the report should be submitted, and the due date), is this
guidance accessible by relevant staff?
III – Data Collection and Reporting Forms and Tools
If the M&E Unit has identified standard data collection and reporting forms/tools to
be used at this reporting level, are these forms/tools consistently used? If not,
why in the comments section.
If the M&E Unit has provided instructions on how to complete the data collection
reporting forms/tools, are these instructions followed/adhered to? If not, explain
in the comments section.
Do data collection and reporting tools allow disaggregation by sex? Is there a clear
documented instruction on this?
Do data collection and reporting tools allow disaggregation by age groups? Is
clear documented instruction on this?
29. Methods
• Pilot RDQA+G conducted with PEPFAR IPs: 2 in Kenya and
2 in Zambia at 10 sites between May and December 2016.
1. HTC_TST = number of individuals who received HIV
testing and counseling (HTC) services for HIV and
received their test results.
2. GEND_GBV = number of people who received post-
GBV care.
3. OVC_SERV=number of active beneficiaries served by
PEPFAR programs for children and families affected by
HIV and AIDS.
• Time frame: 6-month period (SAPR16)
31. Summary System Assessment
HTC_TST (Overall and Gender)
Site
M&E
Structure,
Functions,
and
Capabilities
Indicator
Definitions
and
Reporting
Guidelines
Data
Collection and
Reporting
Forms/Tools
Data
Manage-
ment
Processes
Evidence-
Informed
Decision
Making
Links to
the
National
Reporting
System
Kenya 3.3 2.9 3.7 2.7 2.3 3.4
Zambia 3.6 3.3 4.0 3.0 2.1 3.7
(Score range from 1 to 4)
Site
M&E
Structure,
Functions,
and
Capabilities
Indicator
Definitions
and
Reporting
Guidelines
Data-
Collection and
Reporting
Forms/ Tools
Data
Manage-
ment
Processes
Evidence-
Informed
Decision
Making
Links to
the
National
Reporting
System
Kenya 1.6 4.0 4.0 1.0 0.8 3.3
Zambia 1.7 2.5 4.0 2.0 4.0 N/A
33. Areas of Strength: Gender
1. Sex- and age-disaggregated data are
collected for all three indicators of
interest.
2. Most data collection and
reporting tools allow
disaggregation by sex and age.
3. Some staff have received training
on gender.
4. There is willingness to learn more
about and integrate gender.
34. Areas for Improvement: Gender
1. Gaps exist around gender in monitoring and evaluation
(M&E) structures, guidelines, and evidence-informed
decision making.
2. Data entry for age and sex in registers is inconsistent over
the three indicators.
3. The orphans and vulnerable children database needs a
“sex” indicator in one country. (It is in the logs but not in
the IP database.)
4. M&E staff lack training on gender, and facility-level staff
lack training on use of gender data.
5. Regular supervision and data quality checks are lacking.
35. Recommendations (1)
For IPs:
1. Monitor progress
over time in reporting
accuracy, timeliness,
and completeness of
gender data
2. Include the following:
• Basic gender training for staff with minimal gender
experience (a refresher for other staff)
• Capacity building on gender analysis for data use
and decision making
36. Recommendations (2)
3. Develop and/or disseminate a gender
guidance and mainstreaming document,
where appropriate.
4. Ensure that project-specific databases include
data entry fields for sex and age.
37. Recommendations (3)
For USAID/Mission
5. Clarify PEPFAR expectations around gender
integration and analysis for IPs.
6. Facilitate IP gender training and data use and
provide gender mainstreaming documents to
IPs, where appropriate.
7. Consider using RDQA+G in place of RDQA.
38. Conclusion
• RDQA+G was successfully completed.
• The additional gender items can be a useful resource
for IPs to focus on gender-related data.
• The RDQA+G team noted many strengths in the
performance of the M&E system at the M&E Unit
and service delivery points.
• There are areas that need to be improved at the SDP
level, with guidance from the M&E Unit.
• MEASURE Evaluation will conduct a capacity building
workshop in 2017.
39. Resources
Guidelines for Integrating Gender into an M&E
Framework and System Assessment
www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/tr-16-128-en
DQA Auditing Tool Implementation Guidelines
www.measureevaluation.org/resources/tools/health-information-systems/data-
quality-assurance-tools/dqa-auditing-tool-implementation-guidelines/view
RDQA with Gender Tool
https://www.measureevaluation.org/our-work/gender/gender-integrated-routine-
data-quality-assessment-rdqa-g-tool/gender-integrated-routine-data-quality-
assessment-rdqa-g-tool
Have feedback on the RDQA+G? We’d love to hear it!
Email us at: cmejia@email.unc.edu
41. This presentation was produced with the support of the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of MEASURE
Evaluation cooperative agreement AID-OAA-L-14-00004. MEASURE
Evaluation is implemented by the Carolina Population Center, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partnership with ICF International; John
Snow, Inc.; Management Sciences for Health; Palladium; and Tulane
University. Views expressed are not necessarily those of USAID or the United
States government.
www.measureevaluation.org