The document discusses several topics related to sustainability, ethics, and responsibility including: 1) Why reducing violence and corruption in supply chains is important for sustainability goals such as promoting peaceful societies and inclusive institutions. Corruption undermines economic progress and disproportionately impacts vulnerable groups. 2) Why reducing biodiversity loss should be a priority for organizations as healthy ecosystems are required for business inputs and operations. Biodiversity loss also threatens supply chains and increases economic risks. 3) How organizations can help build resilience to climate change impacts through early adaptation planning, supporting infrastructure protection, disaster recovery, and coordinated strategic planning across sectors. 4) How following the waste hierarchy of prevention, reuse, recycling, and disposal can help organizations mitigate climate

1. CRKC7045 Tackling Global-Local Challenges In Ethics, Responsibility And
Sustainability
Answer:
Question 1: Why Reducing Violence And Corruption In The Supply Chain Is Important For
Sustainability
Critical Analysis
Additionally, corruption has the potential to undermine the fundamental foundations of
democratic institutions, in addition to distorting electoral processes and weakening the rule
of law and law enforcement. Many people, notably the poor, women, and members of
minority groups, find themselves in the situation of having to pay bribes in order to gain
access to fundamental government services.
Since foreign direct investment is prohibited, economic progress has been hampered, and
small businesses have found it difficult to overcome the "start-up expenses" that have been
incurred as a result of corrupt practices.
There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the new development agenda,
which was created at a special summit of the United Nations General Assembly in New York
in September 2015, and all of which aspire to guarantee that everyone lives in dignity by
2030 by reducing poverty and inequality. Among the goals of the Sustainable Development
Goals is the promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies in order to achieve sustainable
development. Other goals include the provision of equal access to justice for all and the
establishment of effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels of
government. In order to attain this goal, it is vital to dramatically eliminate corruption and
bribery in all of its manifestations, including political corruption.
Realizing this cross-cutting goal is important to the realization of the whole Post-2015
Development Agenda, which is now underway. Yury Fedotov, Director-General of the
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, made the following remarks: "Grasping a once-
in-a-generation opportunity to combat poverty, promote health, and advance development,
the United Nations, its member states, and civil society have joined forces to make it
happen. The achievement of these objectives, however, is hampered by impediments such

2. as illicit drugs, criminal activity, corruption, and terrorism, among others. Such hazards
undermine social and economic progress as well as human rights in countries where the
rule of law is weak and criminal justice is inefficient, and they thrive in situations where the
rule of law is weak and criminal justice is inefficient."
A huge financial and social cost is incurred as a result of corruption. It is estimated that
corruption leads in a 25 percent reduction in the continent's gross domestic product,
according to the African Union (almost 150 billion dollars). Corruption may be reduced and
the rule of law strengthened, which can result in a 400 percent increase in national GDP for
countries that take these steps.
The general quality of government spending, services, and legislation, among other factors,
has been found to be negatively correlated with corruption in a number of studies, among
other things. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, corruption,
bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion cost developing countries a total of US $1.26 trillion
a year in lost productivity. Additionally, corruption increases the price of water
infrastructure by as much as 40%, resulting in an additional US$12 billion per year in
additional expenditures to provide clean drinking water and sanitation around the world.
Corruption has a negative impact on the environment as well.
Current Status
Everyone has the capacity to become a victim of corruption at some point in time. When
there is corruption in the supply chain, it is possible to notice a detrimental impact on the
supply chain throughout the whole chain of custody. Corruption has a negative impact
on Economic Growth innovation, and long-term development.
Recommendations
Several factors have been identified as critical to the long-term viability of the international
community's efforts to combat corruption, including maintaining economic stability and
growth, maintaining social security, protecting human rights, alleviating poverty, protecting
the environment for future generations, and combating serious and organized crime on a
global scale, among others. To effectively prevent and combat corruption, it is necessary to
design a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that takes into account the global
scope of the challenges involved, as well as the ties to the Sustainable Development Goals.
Members of the general public, representatives from government and industry, members of
civil society organizations, and members of various segments of society, among other
groups, are all taking part in this initiative.
With the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, the world now has
a formidable instrument for combating this worldwide affliction. Let us take use of the far-
reaching provisions of the Convention to give a boost to development, raise countries out of

3. poverty, and establish fairer, more equitable societies across the world.
Question 2. Why Reducing Biodiversity Loss Should Be An Issue For Sustainable
Organisations
Critical Analysis
Biodiversity is a critical component of long-term corporate viability, and it cannot be
ignored. A healthy ecosystem is required for businesses to use genes, species, and
ecosystem services as critical inputs into their production processes. A healthy ecosystem is
also required for businesses to treat and dissipate waste, maintain soil and water quality,
and assist in controlling the composition of air. Agricultural businesses, for example, rely
heavily on the diverse genetic make-up of wild relatives of important food crops as a
resource for ensuring crop resilience to disease and pests.
According to the World Economic Forum, the degradation of natural ecosystems threatens
to disrupt many critical supply chains because they are responsible for more than half of the
world's GDP. Natural pollinators are disappearing, and food producers, for example, may
face greater prices as a result. A loss in natural regulating functions and the accompanying
increased frequency of significant disturbances, such as floods, would have an economic
impact that goes well beyond businesses that rely on natural inputs for their production.
Government rules relating to biodiversity are increasing the pressure on businesses, and it
is possible that these restrictions could result in considerable extra expenses in the future.
At the same time, business and industry have the potential to have significant detrimental
consequences on biological resources (see below). However, while the private sector is a
contributing factor to the issue, it is also a contributing factor to the solution. The resources
and influence of the business sector provide significant opportunity for making novel and
successful contributions to conservation efforts. Two prominent worldwide efforts
demonstrate the importance of the private sector in achieving global goals.
As part of its three main objectives, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which is
the most important international agreement on biodiversity, emphasizes the role played by
the private sector in meeting those objectives through multi-stakeholder partnerships and
industry-driven initiatives. the protection and sustainable use of biological diversity's
constituent parts, and a fair and equal distribution of the benefits resulting from their use
are the goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
While business and biodiversity may appear to be unusual bedfellows, businesses are
reliant on biodiversity to function well. In addition, while the extent of reliance differs
between different sectors, the loss of biodiversity is a serious concern for everyone. For
example, failing to include biodiversity might result in lower food supplies, interrupted
supply networks, and economic loss as a result of floods or fires, and that's only touching

4. the surface of the consequences.
Enterprises are well positioned to take the lead in the worldwide push to better safeguard
the environment. They have advantages over other stakeholders in terms of money,
autonomy, technology, and the ability to innovate.
Current Status
2020 has been named "the environmental super year." Most of us are familiar with the
subject of climate change and the urgent need to decrease global warming. This year,
environmental experts are focusing their attention on a different topic: biodiversity.
Recommendations
The time has come to invest in smart, environmentally conscious business strategies so that
firms are not forced to play catch-up once it is too late.
Obtaining a baseline evaluation of your company's relationship with the environment is the
first step in gaining a deeper understanding of both the affects companies have on
biodiversity and the ways in which the business world is reliant on biodiversity. This
frequently entails mapping out the functioning and sourcing processes of a company or its
suppliers. Then you must do an evaluation of the value they add to your company. The need
to secure and ensure the quantity and quality of materials coming from supply chains
makes the case for a significant investment in policies and practices that are beneficial to
the environment, local communities, and your bottom line — nature-smart investment is a
win-win-win situation for everyone involved.
Conservation International and partners are creating a multi-step framework to assist
enterprises with site-based biodiversity indicators. This framework will allow firms to
better assess and manage their direct effect on biodiversity. Because it captures changes on
the ground in the state of, pressures on, and support for biodiversity at the site-level as
opposed to other indicators, it may be aggregated into an indicator of biodiversity
performance at the organizational level.
Question 3: How Organisations Could Help Build Resilience To The Impacts Of Climate
Change
Critical Analysis
Climate change poses a serious threat to people's lives and livelihoods in many countries.
Because these dangers can never be eliminated, governments must take strong action to
assist businesses and individuals in dealing with them. According to a new paper, The
Adaptation Principles: A Guide for Designing Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation and
Resilience, doing so necessitates advance planning and proactive actions that not only

5. decrease climate risk but also accelerate growth and cut poverty. Adaptation must be an
afterthought in the development process. It's possible for organizations to both stimulate
economic growth and lessen their exposure to the effects of climate change by including it
into their policy thinking from the start.
There are a number of methods in which organizations can assist in the development of
climate change resilience. Set up strong foundations through quick and inclusive growth As
a result of these factors, people in low- and middle-income countries are more susceptible
to the effects of climate change than those in higher- and middle-income countries.
Secondarily, through assisting individuals and businesses in their efforts to do their part. In
order to help families and businesses adjust to the changing environment, it's essential to
help them overcome hurdles, such as a lack of information and financing, as well as
behavioral biases and imperfections in the market. Information on climate threats may be
made widely available by governments, who can also make clear who is responsible for
what, encourage technological innovation, and make sure that everyone has access to
funding, particularly for solutions with significant up-front costs. Additionally, they will
need to help the poorest people, who can't afford to invest in climate change adaptation but
are the most at risk.
Thirdly Protect important infrastructure and revise land use plans. Organizations must also
play a role in maintaining public investments, assets, and services in addition to providing
direct support to people and enterprises. A country's incremental cost to create new
infrastructure assets' resilience is only 3% of overall investments if it has access to the
correct data, risk models, and decision-making techniques. Planned investments in housing
and productive assets are hugely influenced by urban and land use plans, which fall within
the purview of the public sector, and they must be updated to account for changing long-
term climate threats.
Another way is to assist individuals and businesses in recovering more quickly and
effectively. There is no such thing as a risk-free environment. In the event of a disaster,
organizations must devise plans to ensure that individuals and businesses can cope without
long-term impacts and recover fast. Damage and economic losses can be minimized by
implementing improved hydromet data, early warning and emergency management
systems.
Lastly Taking care of the big picture. It's difficult enough to deal with the effects of global
warming on a single industry. Strategic planning at the highest levels is needed to deal with
the effects of climate change on all sectors simultaneously. As a result of a wide range of
repercussions, from flooding to changes in ecosystems, climate change will have a
significant impact on the financial position and tax collections. The trade balance and capital
flows of a country can be impacted by changes in significant sectors (particularly exporting
ones). In addition to existing contingent liabilities and current debt levels, more strain on
public finances will be created by the need to fund adaptation and resilience. New risks for

6. macroeconomic stability, state budgets and debt sustainability, and the broader financial
sector may arise from this mix of circumstances
Current Status
Throughout the last few decades, our organization has made significant strides in
decreasing poverty and fostering economic growth. Global economic and climate change
consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are causing the organization to face new
challenges: shocks not only threaten further progress but can erase well achieved gains of
the past.
It is projected that the organization would face significant problems in the future decades as
a result of changing climatic conditions.
Recommendation
Implementation of adaptive methods is necessary. Methods such as economic analysis and
budget tagging, for example, can aid in the selection of the most critical initiatives and
ensure that expenditure is in line with expectations. For governments to track their
progress toward increased resilience, identify areas where they are behind, and prioritize
successful actions, the 111 indicators offered in the report are also useful. The COVID-19
epidemic and the ensuing economic crisis have altered the development landscape in all
countries, and this has implications for the establishment of an adaptation and resilience
strategy.
Question 4: How The Waste Hierarchy Can Help Organisations Mitigate Climate Change
Critical Analysis
The trash hierarchy categorizes garbage management systems into groups depending on
which produces the best environmental outcome while also taking the material's lifespan
into consideration, with the most environmentally beneficial ways being placed first. It is
possible to evaluate the environmental impact of a substance across its entire life cycle,
from the point of manufacturing to the point of disposal.
It is feasible to remove a considerable part of food waste by employing waste prevention
strategies, resulting in lower environmental effects across the food supply chain as well as
the food waste treatment process. Changing the purchasing, storage, and consumption
behaviors of businesses and households is the most effective way to reduce food waste, and
there is a considerable body of research and advice available in this area. According to the
Environmental Protection Agency, businesses that produce, retail, distribute, or wholesale
food are required to separate their food waste from other rubbish, and local governments
are required to provide procedures for separate food waste collection from households. In
addition to making it easier to recycle and recover food waste, it will also help to reduce the

7. negative environmental impact of food waste.
Metal recycling helps to reduce the negative environmental impact of metal manufacturing
on the environment (see the section on "prevention" above). Recycling scrap metals is
reliant on the application for which the metal is intended to be utilized or the product of
which the metal is a component. Recycling of metal waste from household WEEE and end of
life automobiles is possible and there is a likelihood that this will occur. It is possible to
pursue a range of career paths in the C&I business, which involves the reconditioning of
various goods such as drums, containers, machinery, and other equipment.
Recycling paper and card is considerably more environmentally benign than allowing them
to biodegrade in landfills when it comes to paper and card waste. The present figures
indicate that recycling is preferable, even if the recovered paper or card is sent to China for
further recycling. The benefits of recycling paper and card vary depending on the grade; the
higher the quality of the paper or card, the greater the benefit of recycling. The following
table summarizes the benefits of recycling paper and card. The European List of Standard
Grades of Recovered Paper and Board (EN 643 European List of Standard Grades of
Recovered Paper and Board) outlines the different grades of recovered paper and card that
may be found in recycled paper and card. Likewise, local governments and waste
management companies should ensure that their collection systems meet the high quality
criteria of the markets to which they are promoting their goods.
Current Status
According to estimates from the World Resources Institute, waste management adds just a
little percentage to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for about 3-5
percent of total anthropogenic emissions in 2005, according to the World Resources
Institute. However, waste management is in a unique position to make the shift from being a
minor source of global emissions to becoming a significant source of carbon savings in the
near future. Even while waste treatment and disposal produce some emissions, albeit at
extremely low levels, the avoidance and recovery of wastes reduce the amount of emissions
released into the atmosphere in all other sectors of the economy.
Recommendations
It is expected that climate change will have a greater impact on the environment and waste
management infrastructure, and there are a number of threats that should not be
underestimated. The slow breakdown of biodegradable materials in landfills, along with
poor flushing of leachate through the material stored inside them, results in a significant
long-term contamination risk. Current infrastructure may become increasingly vulnerable
to floods as the frequency of extreme weather events increases in frequency and intensity. It
is essential to comprehend the ramifications of such tragedies and to put measures in place
to ensure that the country's resilience to such disasters is adequate in the future. The risk of

8. waste and public health repercussions following big catastrophic occurrences should not be
overlooked in the aftermath of such events. There is a compelling need to translate already-
known knowledge into efficient adaption procedures as soon as possible. It is possible that
those in charge of infrastructure planning and building in the future will have to take into
consideration both floods and sea-level rise when determining where and how to build
infrastructure. It is critical that hazardous waste infrastructure is not positioned in flood-
prone locations, particularly in urban areas. Concerning the repercussions of climate change
adaptation on compliance management and how this may be represented in its operations,
as well as the obligation to cut emissions through permits, it is vital to address these issues.
Question 5: Why Organisations Should Take Responsibility For Vulnerable People In Their
Supply Chain
Critical Analysis
Several large-scale product recalls have occurred during the past decade in a variety of
industries due to supply-chain vulnerabilities and disruptions that were wholly
unanticipated, from pharmaceuticals to consumer goods to electronics and automobiles.
Supplier ecosystem problems have led to cyber security breaches and the resultant loss of
critical intellectual property for numerous public and private sector enterprises.
It may be said that all of these problems have one thing in common: a lack of proper supply-
chain risk management tools and procedures. Newer concerns, such as cyber-ransom
attempts, are taking the place of more traditional supplier risks, such as bankruptcy.
Now, even highly sensitive things like military systems may contain raw materials and
circuit boards from countries where the manufacturer of the system had no idea that a
supply chain existed. The number of possible failure sites has increased, as has the level of
risk as a result of complexity.
Over time, risks that have been analyzed and quantified can be monitored. In the event that
a supplier goes bankrupt, this is a well-known danger. Looking at a supplier's financial
history and assessing what products and markets they could potentially disrupt can help
you determine how likely this is to happen in the real world. Solutions that do an outside-in
audit of a company's IT infrastructure make it easier to quantify novel threats, such as
supply chain cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
Developing a risk management framework for a company should involve assembling a
cross-functional team to catalog all of the threats the company faces, as well as determining
which metrics are appropriate for risk assessment, as well as defining "what good looks
like" for each metric and how to track and monitor these metrics thoroughly. Additionally,
this team is capable of spotting potentially dangerous situations that are hard to explain or
grasp (e.g., tiers of the supply chain where no visibility exists). Using this technology, it is
possible to visualize the size and extent of previously unknown risks.

9. Unknown dangers are those that can't be forecast. In your supply chain, there may be a
dormant volcano or a cybersecurity vulnerability in the firmware of a critical electronic
component that you have no idea about. This kind of event is unlikely to be predicted by
even the most risk-averse of managers.
To preserve a competitive advantage, it is imperative to reduce and speed up the response
time to unknown hazards. A competitive advantage can be gained by putting in place many
lines of defense and creating a culture that encourages employees to take risks.
Current Status
Achieving supply-base transparency is either extremely difficult or impossible. Multi-tier
supply chains have made it possible for a single product to be made up of hundreds or
thousands of separate suppliers. It can take a long time to discover all the vendors, from
raw material suppliers to the final system's builders.
Recommendation
Horror-inducing: The sheer enormity and scope of the hazards. Consequently, certain risks
(such as the possibility of specific weather patterns or the frequency with which a supplier's
employee may be careless in terms of cybersecurity measures) cannot be identified,
quantified and mitigated.
Progress is impeded by restrictions on proprietary information. Tier 1 or 2 suppliers'
supply chains in more complex products may be considered proprietary by customers or
integrated manufacturers.
Rather than obsessing about the problem and the barriers it presents, we urge that
organizations begin to address issues in an organized manner, recording and responding to
recognized dangers while improving their resistance to any future unknown threats.
Question 6: Why Partnerships Are Important For Sustainable Development
Critical Analysis
The ability of countries to collaborate makes it easier to ensure that development support
reaches the appropriate recipient. Poorer nations may be able to mitigate the consequences
of natural catastrophes with fewer resources than richer countries, for example, because of
a lack of resources. Because of this, countries with greater financial resources will be
obligated to provide financial assistance to poorer countries.
According to the World Bank, partnerships are also essential for the development of
competence in developing nations. Training programs aimed at developing the knowledge,

10. skills, or other resources that individuals and organizations will require in order to achieve
their objectives are called capacity building programs. International assistance is critical for
the development of skills in communities all around the world, but it is particularly critical
in developing nations.
In order to give skills training to people who are most in need, it is necessary to establish
ties with local groups. This makes it possible to contribute to the attainment of all 17
Sustainable Development Goals. These interactions, in the first instance, contribute to the
possibility for human empowerment at the local level, which is critical. For a variety of
causes, including international non-profits and governmental groups, we have pledged our
support on the basis of our ethical principles.
Several years after the United Nations introduced unified objectives and targets for
achieving sustainable development throughout the globe in 2015, the development
community has expressed excitement and re-energized, but it has also expressed concern
about the organization's new direction. While the Global Goals are lofty in their aspirations,
they also provide a significant impediment to further progress. Furthermore, we are
working for a goal that is always shifting.. It is important to recognize that the Fourth
Industrial Revolution, which is being fueled by huge technological discoveries and has the
potential to dramatically transform the globe, is an important component of this
development. It is possible that the consequences for the world's poorest may be
catastrophic, despite the fact that there will undoubtedly be significant new development,
advantages, and opportunities as a result of this decision. It is likely that the goals we have
set for ourselves, which are currently difficult to attain, will become much more difficult in
the future.
Current Status
In 2015, world leaders formally launched the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
with the objective of eradicating poverty by 2030 as a result of global cooperation.
Seventeen high-level objectives were put forth in the Agenda for Sustainable Development,
including poverty reduction, combating climate change, and eradicating inequalities, among
others. With the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are essentially a call to
action from the United Nations, it is aimed to make the world a better place for all people on
the globe.
It is possible that the Sustainable Development Objective (SDG) 5.3 (Partnerships for the
Goals) is the most significant of all the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) since its
achievement is conditional on the achievement of all other goals, making it the most
essential of all.
Recommendations

11. The creation of long-term, scalable, and revolutionary collaboration models that generate
shared benefit will be a critical component of the initiative's success. The fast transition
projected by the Fourth Industrial Revolution will have a tremendous impact on many
aspects of human existence, including economic, social, environmental, cultural, and
political affairs, necessitating the development of new collaboration mechanisms. As a
result, traditional divides between sectors are becoming increasingly blurred, with
governments playing a less direct role in governance and industry and civil society taking
on a more major role as a result of globalization. Economic instability throughout the world
has produced new possibilities and obligations for people from all walks of life and from all
walks of life. The feeling of common interests in attaining the sort of world envisaged by the
United Nations' Global Goals, notably Sustainable Development Goal 17, which calls for the
establishment of partnerships to accomplish the Goals, is also growing stronger as time goes
on.