Colonoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera to examine the entire inner lining of the large intestine. It is used to diagnose colon and rectum problems like tumors and inflammatory bowel disease, and to perform biopsies and remove colon polyps. The bowel must be cleared before the procedure using laxatives or other methods. Sedation is given and the colonoscope is inserted. The doctor will examine the colon and remove any polyps or take biopsies. Potential risks include perforation and bleeding, but the overall complication rate is low at around 0.5%. Following the procedure, patients may feel slight discomfort and should not drive for 24 hours.