Definite Clause Grammars For Language Analysis
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This document compares definite clause grammars (DCGs) and augmented transition networks (ATNs) for language analysis. DCGs extend context-free grammars by allowing non-terminals to be terms rather than just atoms, and allow procedure calls in rule right-hand sides. DCGs are more powerful, concise, efficient and flexible than ATNs, while also being well-suited for theoretical linguistic work.
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Definite Clause Grammars For Language Analysis
- 1. Definite Clause Grammars for Language Analysis - A Survey of the Formalism and a Comparison with Augmented Transition Networks Fernando C. N. Pereira and David H. D. Warren Presentation by Petru REBEJA
- 2. Mind map
- 4. Extended from CFG specifying that: Non-terminals can be terms not only atoms np(X,S) sentence(S) Procedure calls in the RHS of a rule enclosed within ‘{‘ and ‘}’ noun(N) -> [W], {rootform(W,N), is_noun(N)}. DCGs - Formalism
- 5. sentence( s(NP, VP) ) ->noun_phrase(NP), verb_phrase(VP). noun_phrase(np(Det,Noun,Rel) )-> determiner(Det), nounI.Noun), rel_clause(Rel). noun_phrase(np(Name) ) -> name(Name). verb_phrase(vp(TV,NP) ) -> trans_verb(TV), noun_phrase(NP). verb_phrase(vp(IV) ) -> intrans_verb(IV). rel_clause(rel(that,VP) ) -> [that], verb_phrase(VP). rel_clause(rel(nil) ) -> []. determiner(det(W) ) -> [W], {is_determiner(W)}. noun(n(W) ) -> [W], {is_noun(W)}. name(name(W) ) -> [W], {is_name(W)}. trans_verb(tv(W) ) -> [W], {is_trans(W)}. intrans_verb(iv(W) ) -> [W], {is_intrans(W)}. DCG - Example
- 6. DCG – Example (cont)
- 7. Finite state machine (Markov model) Adds to each arc of the network an arbitrary condition which must be satisfied in order for the arc to be followed ATNs - Introduction
- 9. Perspicuity – not only a machine for analyzing, but also a description of the language Power and generality – more powerful mechanism for building structures Conciseness – around half size of ATN Advantages of DCG
- 10. Efficiency – DCG – 8 msec./word; ATN – 34 msec./word Flexibility – DCG is in no way tied to a particular parsing/execution mechanism Suitability for theoretical work – provide a bridge between the work of theoretical linguists and the work of engineers Advantages of DCG (cont)
- 11. F.Pereira, D. Warren, Definite Clause Grammars for Language Analysis--A Survey of the Formalism and a Comparison with Augmented Transition Networks, 1980 A. Woods, Augmented Transition Networks for Language Analysis, 1970 http://www.bookshelf.jp/texi/onlisp/onlisp_24.html References