Shutter speed determines how long the camera's shutter is open to allow light in. A faster shutter speed can freeze motion while a slower shutter speed can blur motion. ISO measures the camera sensor's light sensitivity, with higher ISO numbers providing higher sensitivity in low light conditions but potentially more image noise. Color balance, white balance, aperture, and depth of field all impact the colors and lighting that are captured in an image.

2. SHUTTER SPEED
Shutter speed is the nominal time
for which a shutter is at a given tie.
What does shutter speed do?
Shutter speed allows the camera to
let more light in the picture, this is
typically used for low light or night
photography. Shutter speed has a
blur effect on the picture if you lower
the Shutter speed. However, if you
make the shutter speed higher it will
make the image stop motion.

3. ISO
ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the number of
ISO , the less sensitive the camera will be to light and the finer to grain
it will be. The higher ISO will be higher sensitivity, used in dark lighting.
ISO, depending on the sensitivity will make the image look brighter or
darker.
example

4. COLOR BALANCE
Color balance is the intensities of the colors, mostly the primary colors, Red, green, blue.
The color balance objective, is to render specific colors. For example, neutral colors.
Color balance adds a dark tinted effect to picture.

5. WHITE BALANCE
White balance is removing unrealistic color casts, so that the objects appearing white in the
picture are rendered white in the photo. Proper camera white balance has to take into
effect the color temperature of light source. The effects of white balance to the image
makes the color what it actually is. For example, if there is the color white in the image,
the white balance will make the image white.

6. APERTURE & DEPTH OF FIELD
Aperture is how much light the camera let’s into the picture, it’s a
combination between shutter speed and aperture size. In the image
below it shows how the different variety of aperture settings and how
each picture is effected.
Depth of field. In the image below it shows depth of field and how it effects
an image. The image of the flower, shows another type of depth of field
however it’s narrow.

7. MANUAL EXPOSURE
Manual exposure is where the photographer gets manual control of the
aperture, whilst the camera automatically adjusts the shutter speed to
achieve the exposure.