There are several important debugging techniques discussed in the document, including brute force debugging, backtracking debugging, debugging by induction, debugging by deduction, cause elimination debugging, debugging by testing, and debugging by program slicing. Each technique involves a different approach to systematically identifying and resolving errors, such as printing variable values, backtracking logic, developing and testing hypotheses, and isolating sections of code to narrow the search area. In conclusion, debugging techniques are important as they can help save time when trying to identify and remove problems in code.