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Demand-Driven innovation in agriculture: Creating economic opportunity for smallholder farmers and nutritional security for consumers
This document summarizes David Bergvinson's presentation on demand-driven innovation in agriculture. It discusses how demand-driven innovation integrates farmer needs into product development. It highlights challenges like climate change and changing demographics that threaten food security. It provides examples of projects in India that achieved adoption at scale through participatory approaches and partnerships. The presentation argues that public-private-producer partnerships, mobile technologies, and open data can help accelerate demand-driven innovation to meet future global food demand in a sustainable way.
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Demand-Driven innovation in agriculture: Creating economic opportunity for smallholder farmers and nutritional security for consumers
- 1. David Bergvinson Presented atNAAS 2015 Silver Jubilee Lecture 3 June 2015 Demand-Driven Innovation in Agriculture: Creating Economic Opportunity for Smallholder Farmers and Nutritional Security for Consumers ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
- 2. ICRISAT | 2 WhatIs and What Drives Demand-Driven Innovation In Agriculture? Innovation Climate Change Consumer Awareness Sustainable Intensification Humanitarian Goals Demand-driven innovation (DDI) integrates information, priorities and needs of farmers in the design, development and delivery of farmer- and consumer-preferred products, knowledge and services
- 3. ICRISAT | 3 Climatechange, resource scarcity and changing demographics threaten food & nutritional security Climate Change Diseases Climate change BreedingAgronomy Projected demand by 2050 (FAO) World-wideaverageyield (tonsha-1) Linear extrapolations of current trends Water, nutrient & energy scarcity Potential effect of climate- change-induced heat stress on today’s cultivars (intermediate CO2 emission scenario) Year Marianne Banziger, CIMMYT, 2012
- 4. ICRISAT | 4 Currentrealities in developing countries. . . Agronomic Dynamics Smallholder farmers in South Asia are facing higher input costs and lower market value for produce and facing increased climate and market variability – this is even more challenging for woman farmers • For nutritional security to be realized: • Increase rate of genetic gain in staple crops by 50% • Ecological intensification • Diet diversity increased while increasing nutrition-per-drop • Manage risk and economic opportunity • We need to realize gains with same land, less water, nutrients, fossil fuel and labor • All of this needs to get done against the backdrop of climate change
- 5. Biodiversity loss, Nitrogen cycleand climate change are various parameters has reached beyond its permissible threshold at planetary scale Living within the ecological limits of the plant. . . Agronomic Dynamics ICRISAT | 5 Foley et al, Nature, 2009
- 6. ICRISAT | 6 Narrowingdiversity of our food system is having an impact on nutrition and health Consumer Awareness For nutritional security to be realized: • Diet diversity to be increased • Manage risk and economic opportunity • Realize gains with same land, less water, nutrients, fossil fuel and labor – Smart Foods – e.g. Nutri-cereals • Empowering women and girls – e.g. First 1000 days campaign Khoury et al. (2014) PNAS 111:4001-4006
- 7. ICRISAT | 7 SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs) will be replacing the MDGs in 2016 • Goal 1 – End poverty in all its forms everywhere • Goal 2 – End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Humanitarian Goals
- 8. ICRISAT | 8 Public-Private-ProducerPartnerships (PPPPs) are key in supporting demand-driven innovation in Agriculture • Engaging farmers early and often in the design, development and delivery of scientific outputs will result in higher rates of adoption of farmer- and consumer-preferred technologies • Participatory approaches to research can compress product development cycles and create awareness and demand • PPPPs will play a critical role in feeding 9.6 billion people by 2050 in a sustainable manner – financially, socially, environmentally • Key challenges: aligned goals, triple wins, trust, enabling environment, governance (including ‘big data’), agency to women and making agriculture a viable business for youth PPPPs – The missing link ?
- 9. PPPPs – Anengine to Innovate • Designing global programs that are locally relevant and socially equitable • PPPP for scaling / feedback for demand-driven innovation • Agile science and policy support to respond to rapid changes in climate, markets and societal needs while living within the ecological boundaries of the planet Monitoring, Learning, Evaluation NAAS Network
- 10. Cross-cutting issues Mainstreaming nutrition Empoweringwomen – women are consulted, involved and supported to lead Attracting youth to agriculture Approach for Adoption Participatory approach and partnering – working side by side Building capacity – at a national and local level Integrating communications - to build awareness and share knowledge Monitoring and evaluation – for feedback and adjustment Policy support – work closely with government to encourage the needed policies A holistic approach to demand-driven innovation Analyzing key problems and opportunities Managing soil and water Crop Improvement & seed access Driving market development Facilitating market access Introducing processing Developing on-farm practices and technologies Diversifying farms
- 11. STRASA Boundary partners Lead farmers Broader community STRASA built alarge network of delivery partners capable of identifying and equipping lead farmers … … who rapidly mobilized others in their community to adopt new varieties, thereby motivating seed companies to produce, promote and distribute improved varieties DDI Example 1 – Stress tolerant rice Lead farmers have interest and capacity to assist others in community, are influential and trusted, and can take risk with testing new technologies Boundary partners are community based NGOs & government extension system with aligned goals SOURCE: PO interviews Participatory Variety Selection – asking the farm family what they want in a new rice variety Swarna Swarna-sub1 1 1 Crop Improvement & seed access
- 12. … and createdfeedback loops that both facilitate rapid scale up and enhance ongoing R&D and delivery efforts “Participatory variety selection” “Dissemination” ▪ Improve product development by listening to farmers ▪ Accelerate adoption at launch by visualizing demand early at community level ▪ Stimulate informal supply networks by incentivizing farmers to produce seed and help match supply and demand ▪ Catalyze early policy change by using strong farmer demand to put pressure on government to create enabling environment ▪ Accelerate scale up by leveraging nodes of influence to deliver information and products to large numbers of farmers ▪ Reduce reliance on public extension system for broad and rapid delivery; can bring extension on board for scale up ▪ Improve future R&D by gathering market intelligence based on feedback from farmers (e.g., detailed farmer segmentation and targeting) Researchers Lead farmers Broader community Technology Feedback Knowledge & Products Feedback Impact ▪ Shorter product development cycles generating superior technologies (~3x faster timeline from R&D to on farm adoption) ▪ Faster adoption and scale up by farmers ▪ Faster diffusion across state governments ▪ Accelerated progress on complementary public sector efforts (e.g., National Food Security Mission) Benefits SOURCE: PO interviews 12
- 13. Lessons learned fromprojects that achieved delivery at scale Accelerate trait introgression into farmer-preferred varieties Move a highly desirable trait (e.g., submergence tolerance) into a widely accepted variety to accelerate product delivery Variety targeting Leverage digital technology (e.g., geo-spatial mapping tools) to improve targeting and to prioritize trait development Seed Roadmaps Develop tools to systematically define market opportunities, product profiles and volumes needed to achieve target adoption; identify strategic partners for production; lay out timelines for delivery Participatory Variety Selection Grow limited but diverse set of improved varieties under local conditions and let farmers select what variety is most appropriate Strategic and valued partnerships in the public, private and civil society sectors Identify partners along the product development and delivery value chain and engage them early Nodes of knowledge Identify and empower local leaders within the farm community to demonstrate, provide feedback and deliver appropriate technologies Building a movement through the media and farmer testimonials Stories told from the perspective of farmers tend to be the most effective in building support and awareness at all levels – especially the government Aligning with government initiatives National, state and local governments supporting farmers through various programs can help scale up new technologies – pride of local ownership is important Real-time MLE Use digital tools to support real-time tracking of outcomes to optimize resource allocation, increase transparency and support rapid cycle research for development 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 6 Accelerated varietal release and pre- release promotion Coordinated with research institutions and government for early release. Organized large scale pre-release seed multiplication and dissemination to ensure seed availability and fulfilling demand upon commercial release 1 3
- 14. DDI Example 2- Soil Mapping as an entry point under Bhoochetana • Stagnant agricultural growth 2001-08 in Karnataka • 70% agriculture is rainfed • Vast untapped potential Managing soil and water - Increased crop yield by 2066% - Covered 3.1 m ha and benefitted 3.6 m families - Contributed to rise in agriculture growth annually above 5% since 2009 - Benefit cost ratio for the farmers 3 to 14:1 - Net benefits accrued in 4 years Rs. 1268 Crores
- 15. ICRISAT | 15 Cloud-basedbusiness intelligence tools are now used to accelerate and integrate farmer preferred technologies • Mobile Data Collection (MDC) • On-farm trials • Market intelligence • Business Intelligence to support farm planning and practices • Seed companies use mobile money to reduce costs; ensure product integrity • Farmers are using mobile money to pay for seed and fertilizer Key Enablers : ICT Tools Being Used Challenges: • Valuation of farm data • Literacy and UI to support knowledge exchange and decisions at farm level • Personal Identification Information • Big Data Governance • Reliable and affordable connectivity in rural areas • Lack of high quality GIS data • Spatial Data Infrastructure is weak • Capacity building
- 16. End-user demand Value chain assessmentframework Inputs and farmer services Processing and access to markets Research and development Improved genetics & repro- duction Animal genetics systems Feed and Fodder1 Livestock production manage- ment2 Vaccine/ drugs/ diagnostics development Discovery Research Aggregation, Storage Animal health systems Knowledge exchange Country-level valuechain steps Crop improve- ment Inputs and farmer services Post-harvest and access to markets Research and development Agronomic research Soil Health Farm manage- ment Seed systems Know- ledge ex- change Conditioning, Storage, Aggregation Processing/ Value Addition Crops Country-level valuechain steps Multi-value chain national policies Data, country strategies, business intelligence Value chain-specific regulations – grades and standards, phyto-sanitary, Environment Partnerships and community ownership Enabling Environment Infrastructure, transport/logistics Finance & insurance Outcomesfor sustainable productivity and livelihoods Nutrition Livestock End-user demand Processing Enablers forchange Water- shed Digital Agriculture Capacity building Inclusiveness and gender Economic returns Policies anddata Discovery Research
- 17. ICRISAT | 17 Mobiletechnology is now used to support the smallholder farmer knowledge exchange and market integration • Mobile phones have increased farmers access to equitable markets and consumers • Mobile phones are being used for traceability to support price premiums for locally grown food • Tailored information and videos offers new opportunities to train women and youth about agriculture Challenges: • Ag companies want to own the platform (exclusivity); shared platform stimulates competition • Advisory services are popular; timely access to inputs to follow recommendations is a challenge • Info-entrepreneur bias towards products from sponsoring companies • End-to-end support is not widely available as it often involves multiple actors to converge along the value chain. Key Enablers : ICT Tools Being Used
- 18. Leveraging OpenData for Ag Development April 30 2013 v2 BOS Stitching currently disparate data together enables us to offer integrated solutions: Power of location, time and unique identifiers Location and time can stitch together diverse sources of information and support delivery of farmer-specific information Soybean chickpea Cattle breeds Microbiome Unique identifiers enables mining of genetic resources and standard trait ontologies enables collaboration Data Ecosystem for integrated solutions to increase farm productivity, market opportunities, reduce risk, improve natural resources and nutrition Markets Weather Soils Seeds Financial services (not exhaustive) Nutrition
- 19. ICRISAT | 19 Technologyenablement and partnership with other sectors for inclusive market-oriented development (IMOD) Inclusive Value Chains Early pioneers for realizing this vision: Mobile Money eContracts Supply Chain Mgmt ICT for Extension Processing / Branding MOOCs, Participatory Ed Demand Forecasting Rural youth Farmer Urban ConsumerTechnology Ecosystem Inputs & Farmer Services Research & Development Post-harvest
- 21. David Bergvinson Director General,ICRISAT d.bergvinson@cgiar.org We look forward to your questions, comments and partnership towards realizing global nutritional security Thank You ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium