The document provides an overview of databases, including the evolution from early file systems to modern database models like relational, object-oriented, and NoSQL databases. It discusses key concepts such as data models, database management systems, and the benefits of databases for organizing and managing large collections of related data.
Database design, implementation, and management -chapter02Beni Krisbiantoro
This document provides an overview of data modeling concepts. It discusses the importance of data models for organizing data for different users and as a communication tool. It also describes the basic building blocks of entities, attributes, and relationships. Additionally, it covers the evolution of different data models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity relationship, and object oriented models. It provides examples of hierarchical and network data structures.
The document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS) and data modeling. It discusses the evolution of data models from hierarchical and network models to relational and object-oriented models. The relational model introduced tables and relationships between entities. The entity-relationship model uses diagrams to visually represent entities, attributes, and relationships. The object-oriented model treats data and relationships as objects that can contain attributes, methods, and inherit properties from classes.
The document discusses database concepts including:
1) The key concepts of a database including data, information, fields, records, files, and how a database improves over traditional file-based systems.
2) The functions of a database management system (DBMS) including database development, application development, and maintenance.
3) The database development process including planning, requirement specification, conceptual design, logical design, and physical design.
The document discusses several aspects of database design including:
- Logical design which involves deciding on the database schema and relation schemas.
- Physical design which involves deciding on the physical layout of the database.
- Entity-relationship modeling which involves modeling an enterprise as entities and relationships.
- Extensions to the relational model to include object orientation and complex data types.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It discusses the purpose of DBMS and key concepts including data models, data definition languages, data manipulation languages, transaction management, storage management, database administrators, database users, and overall system structure. The document also provides examples and descriptions of the entity-relationship model and relational model.
This document provides an overview and summary of key topics related to database design and management. It outlines the course contents, which include concepts of database management, database modeling, SQL, distributed databases, and database administration. It also discusses database terminology, the advantages of using a database management system (DBMS) compared to file-based systems, including improved data sharing and reduced redundancy. The components of a DBMS environment are identified as hardware, software, data, procedures, and people.
The document provides an introduction to database management systems and fundamental database concepts. It defines key terms like data, database, DBMS, schema, and instances. It explains the importance of transactions and ensuring the ACID properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It describes how the transaction manager uses techniques like logging, commit and rollback to guarantee transactions are processed reliably even in the event of system failures.
Database design, implementation, and management -chapter02Beni Krisbiantoro
This document provides an overview of data modeling concepts. It discusses the importance of data models for organizing data for different users and as a communication tool. It also describes the basic building blocks of entities, attributes, and relationships. Additionally, it covers the evolution of different data models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity relationship, and object oriented models. It provides examples of hierarchical and network data structures.
The document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS) and data modeling. It discusses the evolution of data models from hierarchical and network models to relational and object-oriented models. The relational model introduced tables and relationships between entities. The entity-relationship model uses diagrams to visually represent entities, attributes, and relationships. The object-oriented model treats data and relationships as objects that can contain attributes, methods, and inherit properties from classes.
The document discusses database concepts including:
1) The key concepts of a database including data, information, fields, records, files, and how a database improves over traditional file-based systems.
2) The functions of a database management system (DBMS) including database development, application development, and maintenance.
3) The database development process including planning, requirement specification, conceptual design, logical design, and physical design.
The document discusses several aspects of database design including:
- Logical design which involves deciding on the database schema and relation schemas.
- Physical design which involves deciding on the physical layout of the database.
- Entity-relationship modeling which involves modeling an enterprise as entities and relationships.
- Extensions to the relational model to include object orientation and complex data types.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It discusses the purpose of DBMS and key concepts including data models, data definition languages, data manipulation languages, transaction management, storage management, database administrators, database users, and overall system structure. The document also provides examples and descriptions of the entity-relationship model and relational model.
This document provides an overview and summary of key topics related to database design and management. It outlines the course contents, which include concepts of database management, database modeling, SQL, distributed databases, and database administration. It also discusses database terminology, the advantages of using a database management system (DBMS) compared to file-based systems, including improved data sharing and reduced redundancy. The components of a DBMS environment are identified as hardware, software, data, procedures, and people.
The document provides an introduction to database management systems and fundamental database concepts. It defines key terms like data, database, DBMS, schema, and instances. It explains the importance of transactions and ensuring the ACID properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It describes how the transaction manager uses techniques like logging, commit and rollback to guarantee transactions are processed reliably even in the event of system failures.
The document discusses the key components and functions of database systems. It begins by explaining the difference between data and information and how databases evolved from file systems to address issues like data redundancy and lack of integrity. The main components of a database system are described as hardware, software, people, procedures, and data. Key functions of a database management system (DBMS) include data storage management, security management, and ensuring data integrity. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of databases, their history and structure.
This document discusses database administration and security. It describes the roles and responsibilities of database administrators including managing resources, enforcing policies and procedures, ensuring security, and performing technical tasks using tools in Oracle like creating tablespaces and users. Database security involves securing the system through policies, audits, and access controls to maintain data confidentiality, integrity and availability. The document outlines the technical and managerial skills required of DBAs.
This document discusses key concepts related to databases and database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as an organized collection of data, and a DBMS as software that manages databases. The document then discusses different types of database users, the purpose of using a DBMS over file systems, different data models, and SQL statements for defining database structure and manipulating data.
This document summarizes different types of databases including parallel, distributed, object-based, XML, NoSQL, multimedia, and big data databases. Parallel databases improve performance using multiple resources like CPUs and disks. Distributed databases store data across networked computers. Object-based databases store data as objects with properties like inheritance and encapsulation. XML databases store data in XML format. NoSQL databases are non-relational and support large, unstructured data. Multimedia databases contain various media types. Big data databases handle extremely large and complex datasets.
This document provides an overview of database systems, data centers, and business intelligence. It defines key concepts such as databases, database management systems, data modeling, and data warehouses. It also describes popular database types, how data is stored and retrieved from databases, and how business intelligence tools can analyze database information.
This chapter discusses relational databases and their advantages for storing organizational information. It defines key concepts like entities, attributes, primary keys, and relationships. The relational model increases flexibility, scalability, data integrity, and security compared to other models. Data-driven websites also provide benefits like reduced costs and improved stability by using a database backend. The chapter explores integrating data across multiple databases using forward and backward integration.
The document discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented, object-relational, and semi-structured models. It provides details on the characteristics, structures, advantages and disadvantages of each model. It also includes examples and diagrams to illustrate concepts like hierarchical structure, network structure, relational schema, entity relationship diagrams, object oriented diagrams, and XML schema. The document appears to be teaching materials for a database management course that provides an overview of various database models.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in database management systems including:
- The benefits of using a DBMS over file systems such as data independence, data integrity, and concurrent access.
- The three levels of abstraction in a DBMS - physical, logical, and view level.
- Common data models including relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models.
- Database languages including data manipulation languages (DML) like SQL and data definition languages (DDL) to define schemas.
- Key components of a DBMS including storage management, query processing, and transaction management.
- Roles of database users and administrators.
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in an introduction to database lecture, including the relational model, entity relationship diagrams, normalization, SQL, and assessment details. It discusses the ANSI/SPARC three-level architecture for database systems, with the internal level dealing with physical storage, the conceptual level with logical organization, and external levels providing customized views for users. Mappings between these levels provide data independence.
Business intelligence and data warehousesDhani Ahmad
This chapter discusses business intelligence and data warehouses. It covers how operational data differs from decision support data, the components of a data warehouse including facts, dimensions and star schemas, and how online analytical processing (OLAP) and SQL extensions support analysis of multidimensional decision support data. The chapter also discusses data mining, requirements for decision support databases, and considerations for implementing a successful data warehouse project.
Chapter-2 Database System Concepts and ArchitectureKunal Anand
This document provides an overview of database management systems concepts and architecture. It discusses different data models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented, and object-relational models. It also describes the 3-schema architecture with external, conceptual, and internal schemas and explains components of a DBMS including users, storage and query managers. Finally, it covers database languages like DDL, DML, and interfaces like menu-based, form-based and graphical user interfaces.
Data:
– Raw facts; building blocks of information
– Unprocessed information
Information:
– Data processed to reveal meaning
• Accurate, relevant, and timely information is key
to good decision making.
The document discusses the foundations of business intelligence and databases. It describes the problems with traditional file-based data management approaches, such as data redundancy and inconsistency. It then introduces database management systems as a solution, which centralize data into a single repository and use tools like SQL to efficiently store, organize and access the data. The key benefits of databases over file-based systems are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of NoSQL databases and their concepts. It begins with an introduction from the presenter and an agenda outlining the topics to be covered. The document then discusses the history and evolution of database management systems. It introduces relational database concepts and outlines some of the limitations of relational databases in handling big data. This leads to a discussion of the need for database systems beyond relational databases and a paradigm shift in database management. NoSQL databases are then defined as providing alternatives beyond the relational model. The remainder of the document covers types of NoSQL databases and their usage, as well as the future of relational databases.
This document provides an overview of relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key terms like database, database management system, and data models. It describes the characteristics of a modern DBMS like using real-world entities, normalization to reduce redundancy, and query languages. The document also outlines the components of a database system including users, applications, the DBMS software, and the database itself. It explains common database architectures like single-tier, two-tier, and three-tier designs. Finally, it introduces some historical data models used in database design like the entity-relationship model, relational model, hierarchical model, and network model.
Database management is a critical corporate activity where data is treated as a valuable asset. A database management system (DBMS) is commonly used to support decision making across management levels by facilitating data interpretation, distribution, preservation, and access control. The database administrator (DBA) manages the corporate database through technical tasks like storage management and user administration, while the data administrator (DA) handles broader data management through a more managerial role. Security policies are developed to maintain data confidentiality, integrity and availability.
CS3270 - DATABASE SYSTEM - Lecture (1)Dilawar Khan
This document outlines the key topics to be covered in a database course, including: understanding database concepts and the relational model, learning SQL for data manipulation and definition, database design techniques like entity-relationship modeling and normalization, and hands-on experience with Microsoft SQL Server. The course objectives are to help students understand databases and DBMS systems, apply relational concepts and SQL, and be able to design database applications. The document also provides an introduction to databases by comparing traditional file-based systems with the database approach.
The document discusses the database development process, including conceptual data modeling using entity-relationship diagrams, logical and physical database design, and implementation using SQL. It also covers information systems architecture and planning, involving developing an enterprise data model and process decomposition. The prototyping and system development life cycle approaches to database development are presented, as well as the roles of various people involved. Finally, it describes the three-schema database architecture separating conceptual, external and internal schemas, and the three-tiered database location architecture separating presentation, process and data tiers.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
The document discusses the key components and functions of database systems. It begins by explaining the difference between data and information and how databases evolved from file systems to address issues like data redundancy and lack of integrity. The main components of a database system are described as hardware, software, people, procedures, and data. Key functions of a database management system (DBMS) include data storage management, security management, and ensuring data integrity. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of databases, their history and structure.
This document discusses database administration and security. It describes the roles and responsibilities of database administrators including managing resources, enforcing policies and procedures, ensuring security, and performing technical tasks using tools in Oracle like creating tablespaces and users. Database security involves securing the system through policies, audits, and access controls to maintain data confidentiality, integrity and availability. The document outlines the technical and managerial skills required of DBAs.
This document discusses key concepts related to databases and database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as an organized collection of data, and a DBMS as software that manages databases. The document then discusses different types of database users, the purpose of using a DBMS over file systems, different data models, and SQL statements for defining database structure and manipulating data.
This document summarizes different types of databases including parallel, distributed, object-based, XML, NoSQL, multimedia, and big data databases. Parallel databases improve performance using multiple resources like CPUs and disks. Distributed databases store data across networked computers. Object-based databases store data as objects with properties like inheritance and encapsulation. XML databases store data in XML format. NoSQL databases are non-relational and support large, unstructured data. Multimedia databases contain various media types. Big data databases handle extremely large and complex datasets.
This document provides an overview of database systems, data centers, and business intelligence. It defines key concepts such as databases, database management systems, data modeling, and data warehouses. It also describes popular database types, how data is stored and retrieved from databases, and how business intelligence tools can analyze database information.
This chapter discusses relational databases and their advantages for storing organizational information. It defines key concepts like entities, attributes, primary keys, and relationships. The relational model increases flexibility, scalability, data integrity, and security compared to other models. Data-driven websites also provide benefits like reduced costs and improved stability by using a database backend. The chapter explores integrating data across multiple databases using forward and backward integration.
The document discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented, object-relational, and semi-structured models. It provides details on the characteristics, structures, advantages and disadvantages of each model. It also includes examples and diagrams to illustrate concepts like hierarchical structure, network structure, relational schema, entity relationship diagrams, object oriented diagrams, and XML schema. The document appears to be teaching materials for a database management course that provides an overview of various database models.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in database management systems including:
- The benefits of using a DBMS over file systems such as data independence, data integrity, and concurrent access.
- The three levels of abstraction in a DBMS - physical, logical, and view level.
- Common data models including relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models.
- Database languages including data manipulation languages (DML) like SQL and data definition languages (DDL) to define schemas.
- Key components of a DBMS including storage management, query processing, and transaction management.
- Roles of database users and administrators.
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in an introduction to database lecture, including the relational model, entity relationship diagrams, normalization, SQL, and assessment details. It discusses the ANSI/SPARC three-level architecture for database systems, with the internal level dealing with physical storage, the conceptual level with logical organization, and external levels providing customized views for users. Mappings between these levels provide data independence.
Business intelligence and data warehousesDhani Ahmad
This chapter discusses business intelligence and data warehouses. It covers how operational data differs from decision support data, the components of a data warehouse including facts, dimensions and star schemas, and how online analytical processing (OLAP) and SQL extensions support analysis of multidimensional decision support data. The chapter also discusses data mining, requirements for decision support databases, and considerations for implementing a successful data warehouse project.
Chapter-2 Database System Concepts and ArchitectureKunal Anand
This document provides an overview of database management systems concepts and architecture. It discusses different data models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented, and object-relational models. It also describes the 3-schema architecture with external, conceptual, and internal schemas and explains components of a DBMS including users, storage and query managers. Finally, it covers database languages like DDL, DML, and interfaces like menu-based, form-based and graphical user interfaces.
Data:
– Raw facts; building blocks of information
– Unprocessed information
Information:
– Data processed to reveal meaning
• Accurate, relevant, and timely information is key
to good decision making.
The document discusses the foundations of business intelligence and databases. It describes the problems with traditional file-based data management approaches, such as data redundancy and inconsistency. It then introduces database management systems as a solution, which centralize data into a single repository and use tools like SQL to efficiently store, organize and access the data. The key benefits of databases over file-based systems are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of NoSQL databases and their concepts. It begins with an introduction from the presenter and an agenda outlining the topics to be covered. The document then discusses the history and evolution of database management systems. It introduces relational database concepts and outlines some of the limitations of relational databases in handling big data. This leads to a discussion of the need for database systems beyond relational databases and a paradigm shift in database management. NoSQL databases are then defined as providing alternatives beyond the relational model. The remainder of the document covers types of NoSQL databases and their usage, as well as the future of relational databases.
This document provides an overview of relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key terms like database, database management system, and data models. It describes the characteristics of a modern DBMS like using real-world entities, normalization to reduce redundancy, and query languages. The document also outlines the components of a database system including users, applications, the DBMS software, and the database itself. It explains common database architectures like single-tier, two-tier, and three-tier designs. Finally, it introduces some historical data models used in database design like the entity-relationship model, relational model, hierarchical model, and network model.
Database management is a critical corporate activity where data is treated as a valuable asset. A database management system (DBMS) is commonly used to support decision making across management levels by facilitating data interpretation, distribution, preservation, and access control. The database administrator (DBA) manages the corporate database through technical tasks like storage management and user administration, while the data administrator (DA) handles broader data management through a more managerial role. Security policies are developed to maintain data confidentiality, integrity and availability.
CS3270 - DATABASE SYSTEM - Lecture (1)Dilawar Khan
This document outlines the key topics to be covered in a database course, including: understanding database concepts and the relational model, learning SQL for data manipulation and definition, database design techniques like entity-relationship modeling and normalization, and hands-on experience with Microsoft SQL Server. The course objectives are to help students understand databases and DBMS systems, apply relational concepts and SQL, and be able to design database applications. The document also provides an introduction to databases by comparing traditional file-based systems with the database approach.
The document discusses the database development process, including conceptual data modeling using entity-relationship diagrams, logical and physical database design, and implementation using SQL. It also covers information systems architecture and planning, involving developing an enterprise data model and process decomposition. The prototyping and system development life cycle approaches to database development are presented, as well as the roles of various people involved. Finally, it describes the three-schema database architecture separating conceptual, external and internal schemas, and the three-tiered database location architecture separating presentation, process and data tiers.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
AI-Powered Food Delivery Transforming App Development in Saudi Arabia.pdfTechgropse Pvt.Ltd.
In this blog post, we'll delve into the intersection of AI and app development in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the food delivery sector. We'll explore how AI is revolutionizing the way Saudi consumers order food, how restaurants manage their operations, and how delivery partners navigate the bustling streets of cities like Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. Through real-world case studies, we'll showcase how leading Saudi food delivery apps are leveraging AI to redefine convenience, personalization, and efficiency.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
2. Outline
• Database
– What, Why, How
• Evolution of Database
– File System
– Data Models
• Hierarchical
• Network
• Relational
• Entity-Relationship
• Object-Oriented
– Web Database
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 2
3. Database: What
• Database
– is collection of related data and its metadata organized in a structured format
– for optimized information management
• Database Management System (DBMS)
– is a software that enables easy creation, access, and modification of databases
– for efficient and effective database management
• Database System
– is an integrated system of hardware, software, people, procedures, and data
– that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data
within a database environment
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 3
4. Database Management System
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 4
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel
- manages interaction between end users and database
5. Database System Environment
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 5
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel
Hardware
Software
- OS
- DBMS
- Applications
People
Procedures
Data
6. Database: Why
• Purpose of Database
– Optimizes data management
– Transforms data into information
• Importance of Database Design
– Defines the database’s expected use
• different approach needed for different types of databases
– Avoid data redundancy & ensure data integrity
• data is accurate and verifiable
– Poorly designed database generates errors
• leads to bad decisions
• can lead to failure of organization
• Functions of DBMS/Database System
– Stores data and related data entry forms, report definitions, etc.
– Hides the complexities of relational database model from the user
• facilitates the construction/definition of data elements and their relationships
• enables data transformation and presentation
– Enforces data integrity
– Implements data security management
• access, privacy, backup & restoration
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS
6
7. Database: How
• Planning & Analysis
– Assess
• Goal of the organization
• Database environment
– existing hardware, software, raw data, data processing procedures
– Identify
• Database needs
– what database can do to further the goal of the organization
• User needs and characteristics
– who the users are, what they want to do, how they envision doing it
• Database system requirements
– what the database system should do to satisfy the database and user needs
• Design
– From conceptual design to a detailed system specification
• Implementation
– Create the database
• Maintenance
– Troubleshoot, update, streamline the database
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 7
8. Business Rules
• What
– Brief, precise, and unambiguous descriptions of operations in an organization
• based on policies, procedures, or principles within a specific organization
• help to create and enforce actions within that organization’s environment
• apply to any organization that stores and uses data to generate information
• Why
– Enhance understanding & facilitate communication
• Standardize company’s view of data
• Constitute a communications tool between users and designers
• Allow designer to understand business process as well as the nature, role, and scope of data
– Promote creation of an accurate data model
• How (sources)
– Interviews
• Company managers
• Policy makers
• Department managers
• End users
– Written documentation
• Procedures, Standards, Operations manuals
– Observation
• Business operations
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 8
9. Database: User-centered
• Perspective
– The user is always right. If there is a problem with the use of the system, the
system is the problem, not the user.
• Compliance
– The user has the right to a system that performs exactly as promised.
• Instruction
– The user has the right to easy-to-use instructions (user guides, online or
contextual help, error messages) for understanding and utilizing a system to
achieve desired goals and recover efficiently and gracefully from problem
situations.
• Usability
– The user should be the master of software and hardware technology, not vice-
versa. Products should be natural and intuitive to use.
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 9
10. Database: Data Models
• Importance
– Abstraction of complex real-world data structures in relative simple
(graphical) representations
– Facilitate interaction among the designer, the applications programmer, and
the end user
• Basic Building Blocks
– Entity
• thing about which data are to be collected and stored
– Attribute
• a characteristic of an entity
– Relationship
• describes an association among entities
– Constraint
• restrictions placed on the data
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 10
12. Database: Historical Roots
• Manual File System
– to keep track of data
– used tagged file folders in a filing cabinet
– organized according to expected use
• e.g. file per customer
– easy to create, but hard to
• locate data
• aggregate/summarize data
• Computerized File System
– to accommodate the data growth and information need
– manual file system structures were duplicated in the computer
– Data Processing (DP) specialists wrote customized programs to
• write, delete, update data (i.e. management)
• extract and present data in various formats (i.e. report)
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 12
13. File System: Example
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 13
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel
14. File System: Weakness
• Weakness
– “Islands of data” in scattered file systems.
• Problems
– Duplication
• same data may be stored in multiple files
– Inconsistency
• same data may be stored by different names in different format
– Rigidity
• requires customized programming to implement any changes
• cannot do ad-hoc queries
• Implications
– Waste of space
– Data inaccuracies
– High overhead of data manipulation and maintenance
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 14
15. File System: Problem Case
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 15
CUSTOMER file AGENT file SALES file
A_Name (15 char)
Carol Johnson
A_Name (20 char)
Carol T. Johnson
AGENT (20 char)
Carol J. Smith
- inconsistent field name, field size
- inconsistent data values
- data duplication
16. Database System vs. File System
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 16
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel
17. Hierarchical Database
• Background
– Developed to manage large amount of data for complex manufacturing
projects
– e.g., Information Management System (IMS)
• IBM-Rockwell joint venture
• clustered related data together
• hierarchically associated data clusters using pointers
• Hierarchical Database Model
– Assumes data relationships are hierarchical
• One-to-Many (1:M) relationships
– Each parent can have many children
– Each child has only one parent
– Logically represented by an upside down tree
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 17
19. Hierarchical Database: Pros & Cons
• Advantages
– Conceptual simplicity
• groups of data could be related to each other
• related data could be viewed together
– Centralization of data
• reduced redundancy and promoted consistency
• Disadvantages
– Limited representation of data relationships
• did not allow Many-to-Many (M:N) relations
– Complex implementation
• required in-depth knowledge of physical data storage
– Structural Dependence
• data access requires physical storage path
– Lack of Standards
• limited portability
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 19
20. Network Database
• Objectives
– Represent more complex data relationships
– Improve database performance
– Impose a database standard
• Network Database Model
– Similar to Hierarchical Model
• Records linked by pointers
– Composed of sets
• Each set consists of owner (parent) and member (child)
– Many-to-Many (M:N) relationships representation
• Each owner can have multiple members (1:M)
• A member may have several owners
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 20
21. Network Database: Example
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 21
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel
22. Network Database: Pros & Cons
• Advantages
– More data relationship types
– More efficient and flexible data access
• “network” vs. “tree” path traversal
– Conformance to standards
• enhanced database administration and portability
• Disadvantages
– System complexity
• require familiarity with the internal structure for data access
– Lack of structural independence
• small structural changes require significant program changes
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 22
23. Relational Database
• Problems with legacy database systems
– Required excessive effort to maintain
• Data manipulation (programs) too dependent on physical file structure
– Hard to manipulate by end-users
• No capacity for ad-hoc query (must rely on DB programmers).
• Evolution in Data Organization
– E. F. Codd’s Relational Model proposal
• Separated the notion of physical representation (machine-view)
from logical representation (human-view)
• Considered ingenious but computationally impractical in 1970
– Relational Database Model
• Dominant database model of today
• Eliminated pointers and used tables to represent data
• Tables
– flexible logical structure for data representation
– a series of row/column intersections
– related by sharing common entity characteristic(s)
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 23
24. Relational Database: Example
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 24
Provides a logical “human-level” view of the data and associations
among groups of data (i.e., tables)
Customer_ID Customer_Account Agent_ID
1224 4556 23
1225 4558 25
Agent_ID Last_Name First_Name Phone
23 Sturm David 334-5678
25 Long Kyle 556-3421
Customer_ID Last_Name First_Name Phone Account_Balance
1224 Vira Dyne 678-9987 1223.95
1225 Davies Tricia 556-3342 234.25
25. Relational Database: Pros & Cons
• Advantages
– Structural independence
• Separation of database design and physical data storage/access
• Easier database design, implementation, management, and use
– Ad hoc query capability with Structured Query Language (SQL)
• SQL translates user queries to codes
• Disadvantages
– Substantial hardware and system software overhead
• more complex system
– Poor design and implementation is made easy
• ease-of-use allows careless use of RDBMS
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 25
26. Entity Relationship Model
• Peter Chen’s Landmark Paper in 1976
– “The Relationship Model: Toward a Unified View of Data”
– Graphical representation of entities and their relationships
• Entity Relationship (ER) Model
– Based on Entity, Attributes & Relationships
• Entity is a thing about which data are to be collected and stored
– e.g. EMPLOYEE
• Attributes are characteristics of the entity
– e.g. SSN, last name, first name
• Relationships describe an associations between entities
– i.e. 1:M, M:N, 1:1
– Complements the relational data model concepts
• Helps to visualize structure and content of data groups
– entity is mapped to a relational table
• Tool for conceptual data modeling (higher level representation)
– Represented in an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
• Formalizes a way to describe relationships between groups of data
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 26
27. E-R Diagram: Chen Model
• Entity
– represented by a rectangle with its name
in capital letters.
• Relationships
– represented by an active or passive verb
inside the diamond that connects the
related entities.
• Connectivities
– i.e., types of relationship
– written next to each entity box.
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 27
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel
28. E-R Diagram: Crow’s Foot Model
• Entity
– represented by a rectangle with its
name in capital letters.
• Relationships
– represented by an active or passive
verb that connects the related
entities.
• Connectivities
– indicated by symbols next to
entities.
• 2 vertical lines for 1
• “crow’s foot” for M
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 28
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel
29. E-R Model: Pros & Cons
• Advantages
– Exceptional conceptual simplicity
• easily viewed and understood representation of database
• facilitates database design and management
– Integration with the relational database model
• enables better database design via conceptual modeling
• Disadvantages
– Incomplete model on its own
• Limited representational power
– cannot model data constraints not tied to entity relationships
» e.g. attribute constraints
– cannot represent relationships between attributes within entities
• No data manipulation language (e.g. SQL)
– Loss of information content
• Hard to include attributes in ERD
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 29
30. Object-Oriented Database
• Semantic Data Model (SDM)
– Modeled both data and their relationships in a single structure (object)
• Developed by Hammer & McLeod in 1981
• Object-oriented concepts became popular in 1990s
– Modularity facilitated program reuse and construction of complex structures
– Ability to handle complex data types (e.g. multimedia data)
• Object-Oriented Database Model (OODBM)
– Maintains the advantages of the ER model but adds more features
– Object = entity + relationships (between & within entity)
• consists of attributes & methods
– attributes describe properties of an object
– methods are all relevant operations that can be performed on an object
• self-contained abstraction of real-world entity
– Class = collection of similar objects with shared attributes and methods
• e.g. EMPLOYEE class = (employ1 object, employ2 object, …)
• organized in a class hierarchy
– e.g. PERSON > EMPLOYEE, CUSTOMER
– Incorporates the notion of inheritance
• attributes and methods of a class are inherited by its descendent classes
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 30
31. OO Database Model vs. E-R Model
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 31
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel
OODBM:
- can accommodate relationships within a object
- objects to be used as building blocks for autonomous structures
32. Object-Oriented Database: Pros & Cons
• Advantages
– Semantic representation of data
• fuller and more meaningful description of data via object
– Modularity, reusability, inheritance
– Ability to handle
• complex data
• sophisticated information requirements
• Disadvantages
– Lack of standards
• no standard data access method
– Complex navigational data access
• class hierarchy traversal
– Steep learning curve
• difficult to design and implement properly
– More system-oriented than user-centered
– High system overhead
• slow transactions
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 32
33. Web Database
• Internet is emerging as a prime business tool
– Shift away from models (e.g. relational vs. O-O)
– Emphasis on interfacing with the Internet
• Characteristics of “Internet age” databases
– Flexible, efficient, and secure Internet access
– Support for complex data types & relationships
– Seamless interfaces with multiple data sources and structures
– Ease of use for end-user, database architect, and database administrator
• Simplicity of conceptual database model
• Many database design, implementation, and application development tools
• Powerful DBMS GUI
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 33
34. NoSQL
• NoSql is not literally “no sql”. They are non relational data stores.
• Next Generation Databases being non-relational, distributed, open-source
and horizontally scalable have become a favorite back end storage for
cloud community . High performance is the driving force.
35. NoSQL
• Pros
– open source (Cassandra, CouchDB,
Hbase, MongoDB, Redis)
– Elastic scaling
– Key-value pairs, easy to use
– Useful for statistical and real-time
analysis of growing lists of elements
(tweets, posts, comments)
• Cons
– Security (No ACID: ACID (Atomicity,
Consistency, Isolation, Durability)
– No indexing support
– Immature
– Absence of standardization
S511 Session 2, IU-SLIS 35