This document discusses data residency for electronic health records (EHR) systems. It examines where patient and provider medical documents and data reside currently and may reside in the future. It outlines that currently, patient documents reside with the patient and provider, while provider documents and data reside within the provider's EHR system. It envisions that in the future, patients may have portable medical records on smart cards or cloud-based systems, while provider data continues to reside in provider EHR systems with connections to other entities like insurers and laboratories.
Excellent deck making the case that exchange of health data (interoperation, interoperability) should be encouraged through simple exchange mechanisms.
Predictive Data Mining for Converged Internet ofJames Kang
Kang, J. J., Adibi, S., Larkin, H., & Luan, T. (2016). Predictive data mining for Converged Internet of Things: A Mobile Health perspective. In Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC), 2015 International (pp. 5-10). IEEE Xplore: IEEE. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ATNAC.2015.7366781
Excellent deck making the case that exchange of health data (interoperation, interoperability) should be encouraged through simple exchange mechanisms.
Predictive Data Mining for Converged Internet ofJames Kang
Kang, J. J., Adibi, S., Larkin, H., & Luan, T. (2016). Predictive data mining for Converged Internet of Things: A Mobile Health perspective. In Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC), 2015 International (pp. 5-10). IEEE Xplore: IEEE. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ATNAC.2015.7366781
The Scope of Health Information Technology: Progress and ChallengesAndrew Oram
Presents an overview of health IT technologies, such as devices, telehealth, electronic health records, analytics, coordinated care, and health information exchange. The goal is not just to list trends but to show their relationships and dependencies, suggest ways they can contribute to improvement in health care, and provide frameworks for understanding their strengths, weaknesses, and impacts.
Smart health prediction using data mining by customsoftCustom Soft
CustomSoft India based software company developed wonderful software for Smart Health prediction using Data Mining for its esteemd Ckients from US, UK, Canada, Singapore, South Africa based clients
"Off-the-shelf technology can be put to better use with bespoke integrated software as hospitals rethink efficient patient care"
--Published in The Times and on Raconteur
Implementation of blood donation application using android smartphoneIJARIIT
Blood is an important constituent of the human body. Timely availability of quality blood is a crucial requirement for
sustaining the healthcare services. In the hospital, in most of the cases, when blood is required, could not be provided on time
causing unpleasant things. Though donor is available in the hospital, the patient is unaware of it, and so is a donor. To resolve
this, a communication between hospital, blood bank, donor, and the receptor is important. The system listed following forecasting
on price variations and stock handling, increase in number of blood type, increase in human accident Infrastructure, blood on a
various category to be managed. So we solve the problem using the android application. The system will make sure that in case
of need, the blood will be made available to the patient. There will be web portal as well as an android app to make this
communication faster. It aims to create an e-Information about the donor and organization that are related to donating the
blood. The Methodology used to build this system uses GPS. The Proposed system will be used in Blood banks, Hospitals, for
Donors and Requesters whoever registers to the system.
Framework Architecture for Improving Healthcare Information Systems using Age...IJMIT JOURNAL
Due to diversity, heterogeneity and complexity of the existing healthcare structure, providing suitable healthcare services is a complicated process. This work describes the conceptual design of an e-healthcare system, which implements integration strategies and suitable technologies that will handle the interoperability problem among its essential components. The proposed solution combines intelligent agent technology and case based reasoning for highly distributed applications in healthcare environment. Intelligent agents play a critical role in providing correct information for diagnostic, treatment, etc. They
work on behalf of human agents taking care of routine tasks, thus increasing speed and reliability of the information exchanges. CBR is used to generate advices to a certain e-healthcare problems by analyzing solutions given to previously solved problems and to build intelligent systems for disease diagnostics and prognosis. Preliminary experimental simulation based on Agent Development Framework (JADE) demonstrated the feasibility of this model.
The Illinois Health Information Exchange (ILHIE) has just released its Consumer Education Health IT Toolkit. It was developed to provide healthcare professionals with simple and informative educational material to share with their patients. Consumer education and engagement are cornerstones for the implementation of a successful state health IT program.
3 Round Stones at the New England Health Datapalooza Oct 3, 20123 Round Stones
3 Round Stones' co-founder Bernadette Hyland discusses a new mobile application that uses federal open government data about weather and healthcare to improve management of chronic health conditions including asthma and COPD.
Healthstory Enabling The Emr - Dictation To Clinical DataNick van Terheyden
EHRs are database centric while medical records are document centric. The conventional wisdom is that documents are bad and discrete data is good. Historically, clinicians have resisted efforts to establish structured data standards for dictated reports. This lack of an industry-wide standard for report content and format confounds interoperability efforts. For nearly two decades, information system specialists have attempted to impose new documentation methods that are more suited to database management but do not meet the needs of the practicing physician. Achieving physician buy-in for electronic record systems that do not accommodate narrative documentation methods such as dictation and transcription has proven to be quite difficult for many EHR vendors.
The Health Story Project (formerly the CDA4CDT initiative Clinical Document Architecture for Common Data Types) is an alliance of organizations that have been working together with HL7 for nearly two years to develop and publish data standards for electronic clinical documents. The initiative is based on Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) - a balloted HL7 document markup standard that specifies the structure and semantics of a clinical document for the purpose of exchange. Document templates for the most commonly dictated report types (H&P, Consult, Operative Note, etc) specify required and optional headings. Templates are developed based on prevailing practice and establish consensus on content and format
What makes ICD 10 codes different from ICD 9? Is it the code structure or there is more to this transition? Lets find out what makes ICD 10 stand out. See more at: http://vgnx.co/ICD9-vs-ICD10
The Scope of Health Information Technology: Progress and ChallengesAndrew Oram
Presents an overview of health IT technologies, such as devices, telehealth, electronic health records, analytics, coordinated care, and health information exchange. The goal is not just to list trends but to show their relationships and dependencies, suggest ways they can contribute to improvement in health care, and provide frameworks for understanding their strengths, weaknesses, and impacts.
Smart health prediction using data mining by customsoftCustom Soft
CustomSoft India based software company developed wonderful software for Smart Health prediction using Data Mining for its esteemd Ckients from US, UK, Canada, Singapore, South Africa based clients
"Off-the-shelf technology can be put to better use with bespoke integrated software as hospitals rethink efficient patient care"
--Published in The Times and on Raconteur
Implementation of blood donation application using android smartphoneIJARIIT
Blood is an important constituent of the human body. Timely availability of quality blood is a crucial requirement for
sustaining the healthcare services. In the hospital, in most of the cases, when blood is required, could not be provided on time
causing unpleasant things. Though donor is available in the hospital, the patient is unaware of it, and so is a donor. To resolve
this, a communication between hospital, blood bank, donor, and the receptor is important. The system listed following forecasting
on price variations and stock handling, increase in number of blood type, increase in human accident Infrastructure, blood on a
various category to be managed. So we solve the problem using the android application. The system will make sure that in case
of need, the blood will be made available to the patient. There will be web portal as well as an android app to make this
communication faster. It aims to create an e-Information about the donor and organization that are related to donating the
blood. The Methodology used to build this system uses GPS. The Proposed system will be used in Blood banks, Hospitals, for
Donors and Requesters whoever registers to the system.
Framework Architecture for Improving Healthcare Information Systems using Age...IJMIT JOURNAL
Due to diversity, heterogeneity and complexity of the existing healthcare structure, providing suitable healthcare services is a complicated process. This work describes the conceptual design of an e-healthcare system, which implements integration strategies and suitable technologies that will handle the interoperability problem among its essential components. The proposed solution combines intelligent agent technology and case based reasoning for highly distributed applications in healthcare environment. Intelligent agents play a critical role in providing correct information for diagnostic, treatment, etc. They
work on behalf of human agents taking care of routine tasks, thus increasing speed and reliability of the information exchanges. CBR is used to generate advices to a certain e-healthcare problems by analyzing solutions given to previously solved problems and to build intelligent systems for disease diagnostics and prognosis. Preliminary experimental simulation based on Agent Development Framework (JADE) demonstrated the feasibility of this model.
The Illinois Health Information Exchange (ILHIE) has just released its Consumer Education Health IT Toolkit. It was developed to provide healthcare professionals with simple and informative educational material to share with their patients. Consumer education and engagement are cornerstones for the implementation of a successful state health IT program.
3 Round Stones at the New England Health Datapalooza Oct 3, 20123 Round Stones
3 Round Stones' co-founder Bernadette Hyland discusses a new mobile application that uses federal open government data about weather and healthcare to improve management of chronic health conditions including asthma and COPD.
Healthstory Enabling The Emr - Dictation To Clinical DataNick van Terheyden
EHRs are database centric while medical records are document centric. The conventional wisdom is that documents are bad and discrete data is good. Historically, clinicians have resisted efforts to establish structured data standards for dictated reports. This lack of an industry-wide standard for report content and format confounds interoperability efforts. For nearly two decades, information system specialists have attempted to impose new documentation methods that are more suited to database management but do not meet the needs of the practicing physician. Achieving physician buy-in for electronic record systems that do not accommodate narrative documentation methods such as dictation and transcription has proven to be quite difficult for many EHR vendors.
The Health Story Project (formerly the CDA4CDT initiative Clinical Document Architecture for Common Data Types) is an alliance of organizations that have been working together with HL7 for nearly two years to develop and publish data standards for electronic clinical documents. The initiative is based on Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) - a balloted HL7 document markup standard that specifies the structure and semantics of a clinical document for the purpose of exchange. Document templates for the most commonly dictated report types (H&P, Consult, Operative Note, etc) specify required and optional headings. Templates are developed based on prevailing practice and establish consensus on content and format
What makes ICD 10 codes different from ICD 9? Is it the code structure or there is more to this transition? Lets find out what makes ICD 10 stand out. See more at: http://vgnx.co/ICD9-vs-ICD10
Interesting codes found in ICD-10 and a quick way to code using ICD 9 as a basis. Codes presented are real but presented to simply relax health professionals as they tackle this subject.
My Health Record Gives Worthy Support to Doctors.pdfssuserbed838
My Health Records increase patient safety and save time with an embedded support system. A medical professional can quickly access stored information before proceeding with treatments. Some of the worthy benefits are listed below.
3.A Basic Overview of Health Information Exchange.pdfBelayet Hossain
What is health information exchange? A hie software enables healthcare providers to securely communicate clinical data in line with HIPAA regulations. In other words, it’s a system for securely moving a client’s health information from one county to another.
https://itphobia.com/a-basic-overview-of-health-information-exchange/
Running head Information security threats 1Information secur.docxwlynn1
Running head: Information security threats 1
Information security threats 7
Information security threats
Khaleem Pasha Mohammad
Campbellsville University
Introduction
The development of technology has been greatly embraced in hospitals, saved innumerable lives, and improved the quality of care provision. Not exclusively has technology changed patients knowledgeable and of their families but further consideration has had a significant impact on the strategy and practices of practitioners. One in every five of the areas that have greatly embraced technology is care data. Technology has helped inside the treatment of care records through the introduction of electronic health records, that's exchange paper records. With the availability of electronic care record (EHR) systems, a nurse can merely check for patients’ allergies, case history, weight, age, and prescription through the press of a button. However, the most quantity as institutions are clasp technology to stay up their health records, there are series of risks associated with these technologies. Since the start of technology inside the upkeep of care records, the care trade has been a primary target for cyber crimes. The motives behind cyber-attacks on care are clear as insurance firms, hospitals, care clinics, and totally different care suppliers keep health records that contain valuable information. The use of America Department of Health and Human Services for Civil Rights has acknowledged that over 100 million people square measure suffering from care data security breach. Gregorian calendar month 2015 was a foul month for electronic data jointly of the most important hacks on health care records on Anthem Blue Cross resulting in over seventy-eight million patients’ health data was taken. The cyber-attack scarf sensitive data that contained social securities, names, and residential addresses of people. Constant year, Premera Blue Cross reported that a cyber-attack has exposed medical information of over eleven million customers. Back in 2011, over 4.9 million health records were taken electronically from Science Application International Corporation. These are few cases of a care data breach with sensitive data falling into the hands of third parties. In guaranteeing that there are privacy and security in care records, bureau insurance mobility and responsibility (HIPPA) is providing legislation that hospital and totally different institutions that handle patient’s data to adopt in guaranteeing that varied security measures are enforced in protecting data.
HIPPA and Security Compliance
As much as institutions are clasp technology in storing care data, it is vital for institutions like HIPPA to regulate these bodies to substantiate that shopper rights are protected. The HIPAA Security Rule provides that electronic records of patients got to be protected in any respect times from any unauthorized access nonetheless the information being at rest or in transit.
There are 3 parts to this discussion. Main discussion below and daniatrappit
There are 3 parts to this discussion.
Main discussion
below and 1 reply to each individual student's post underneath. (
2 students total)
Post
a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples. ***You are encouraged you to think beyond electronic medical records when completing your discussion posts this week since it has been overly talked about already.
3 APA sources no older than 5 years. APA Format must be exceptional for full grade.
****TIPS WHY Grade has been dropping Here are a few writing hints. Italicize journal titles and volume numbers. When you have three authors, you use the et al reference in the intext citation (Dent et al., 2020). Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thanks.
Student 1 reply
Erica simplice
Technology has made its mark on the health care field. With the rise of technology usage in the healthcare field, it is not a surprise to see new technology trends popping up in various healthcare settings. One of the main uses of technology that I use every day is telemedicine. Telemedicine is the use of different modalities such as email, video chat, telephone, and remote devices to provide health care information and education (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021). Many providers are now either solely virtual or slit their time between in-office and telemedicine visits. With the use of telemedicine patients’ data can be shared quickly and
A benefit of telemedicine is that many patients who do not have the means of getting to a doctor’s office can still receive medical services. The downside of telemedicine includes the many different regulations and guidelines for telemedicine practice. For example, who has ownership of the data? The legal protection of a patient’s protected health information is left up to the state and federal laws that do not adequately address the patient's privacy needs (Nittari et al., 2020). There is a question of whether the health care provider or facility owns the patient's health information or if the patient does. Another risk when it comes to the use of technology in this way is data accuracy. There is a question of misdiagnosis when it comes to telemedicine visits because the provider is not seeing ...
Why Can't More People Use My Health Records.pdfssuserbed838
My Health Records is an online summary of health information created for patient usage. Individuals can share sensitive files with regular healthcare providers.
Does My Health Records Grooms Patient Or Medical Practice.pdfssuserbed838
My Health Records is very much in its beginning stage of benefiting people. Patients, providers, and physicians must look at it with a long-term view. Then it can critically become a tool in improving patient care.
7 Reasons Your Company Should Use A Digital Healthcare Solution.pptxMocDoc
Digital Healthcare Solution is one of the latest growing technology used by Healthcare Industries. So Here are the reasons why your company should use a Digital Healthcare
Data Management - a top Priority for Healthcare PracticesData Dynamics Inc
The healthcare industry has become increasingly data-driven and poised to take a leap into the future, thanks to an increasingly tech-savvy and demanding patient-consumer base. While the Healthcare Data Ecosystem is presently fragmented and often, insufficient, pioneering firms see vast opportunities to be a part of the Healthcare revolution through proper management of their massive amount of Data.
Healthcare has unique data management challenges that other industries do not face, so the solutions that worked in those fields cannot simply be replicated. Challenges in healthcare data management include -
1. Data environment consolidation in acquisitions and mergers
2. Managing the rapid growth of unstructured healthcare data
3. Adhering to the strict healthcare regulations and reforms
On top of this, Healthcare organizations have to ensure that their data management solution must have a dependable & active security protocol to safeguard sensitive information of patients as per HIPAA norms. With the exponential increase in data, risk is only going to amplify.
In case of mergers & acquisitions, a sizable challenge for large healthcare corporates is the Amalgamation and Streamlining Data with the parent company’s processes. This becomes tedious and cost intensive as merging two data environments that are often radically different from each other into a single system, is difficult and tedious.
Healthcare companies need consumer-driven data strategies with patients at the forefront of their planning. How? To know, read on.
Data Dynamics is a leader in intelligent file management solutions that empower enterprises to seamlessly analyze, move, manage and modernize critical data across hybrid, cloud and object-based storage infrastructures for true business transformation.
In the healthcare industry, speed, efficiency, and accuracy are key elements in providing the best care to patients. Doctors, nurses and various support staff need access to a lot of data and information at their fingertips.
The impact of cloud and big data on healthcare sector (1)Mindfire LLC
A lot of data is produced on a routine basis by hospitals, laboratories, retail, and non-retail medical operations and promotional activities. But most of it gets wasted because respective persons are not able to figure out what to do with that data. This is where Cloud-based Big Data comes into the picture. The big data analytics tools and repositories remove the hard thinking and generate reliable and calculative insights out of huge volumes of data within a matter of seconds. This means in the future we will need more doctors who are trained to work with big data .
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Data for EMR systems
1. Electronic Health
Records Datasets
From an MPI to personalrecords
Medical information is managed and stored by an
array of people, organizations, and databases.
S L Fritz Healthcare LLC
5/6/2010