Dark romanticism
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The document discusses Dark Romanticism, a subgenre of Romantic literature that emerged in 19th century America. While influenced by Transcendentalism, Dark Romantic works were less optimistic about humanity, nature, and divinity. Dark Romantics portrayed individuals as prone to sin, not inherently divine, and depicted nature as sinister rather than spiritual. The document also provides brief biographies of three key Dark Romantic authors: Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville.
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Lecture Outline
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The problem of lecturing Frankenstein
The pervasiveness of the Frankenstein myth in 20th-century culture (especially in film; see
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Origins: the Jewish myth of the golem.
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- Darwinism and his effect on religious thought;
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Neo-classicism and the Romantic reaction against social order and rationality.
Gothicism as a lunatic fringe version of Romanticism's celebration of the emotional (terror as the
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The Gothic novel
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Jane Austen's parody in Northanger Abbey of the titillation of the "horrid".
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EXOTICISM - wild/remote locations, other cultures such as the Oriental.
TRANSGRESSION - fear of barbarism, of unleashing human passion beyond social constraings.
Gothic's operation as a literature of the unconscious, of transgressive desires.
ALIENATION - the genre's interest in identity and subjectivity, but of an alienated self, set apart
from society.
LECTURE 2: Frankenstein as a novel of identity
Romanticism and selfhood
Shelley's position firmly within the Romantic movement
The importance of the Romantic emphasis on the self as distinct from society
The exaggeration of Romance's sense of individuality into alienation in gothic.
Selfhood as a process of deliberate artistic construction.
The distinction between the physical and spiritual selves.
The family in Frankenstein
The family as a representation of society.
Physical and metaphorical orphans: the theme of alienation from the family.
Excessive reactions against alienation: the theme of incest.
The influence of Milton's Paradise Lost
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Dark romanticism
- 1. SARA STIRI
- 2. This was around the time of the Civil War, so there were many slaves still in America The whole United States was almost formed More and more factories and industries were formed, creating more work, more pollution and a dismal accent to life
- 3. A literary subgenre of Romantic Literature that emerged from the transcendental philosophical movement popular in nineteenth-century America. Works in the dark romantic spirit were influenced by Transcendentalism, but did not entirely embrace the ideas of Transcendentalism.
- 4. The basic philosophy of the transcendental movement was a belief in man’s spiritual essence and his souls ability to transcend the physical. Dark Romantic works are notably less optimistic than Trans. texts about mankind, nature, and divinity. The Romantic era was characterized by flair, extravagance, emotion and imagination
- 5. While both groups believe nature is a deeply spiritual force, Dark Romanticism views it in a much more sinister light than does Transcendentalism, which sees nature as a divine and universal organic mediator. Some, including Poe, Hawthorne and Melville, found Transcendental beliefs far too optimistic and egotistical and reacted by modifying them in their prose and poetry
- 6. Dark Romantics present individuals as prone to sin and self destruction, not as inherently possessing divinity and wisdom. The natural world is dark, decaying, and mysterious; when it does reveal truth to man, its revelations are evil and hellish. Dark Romanticism frequently show individuals failing in their attempts to make changes for the better.
- 7. Characters of dark romanticism are outcast. In dark romanticism, nature is sinister and there is no positive aspect of life. They believe that human beings are not perfect and there is no innate quality. They are against industrial society.
- 8. A collection of works concentrating upon themes of horror, tragedy, the supernatural. The success of this movement also relies on the fact that the human psyche is attracted in a subtle way to the fear, pain and tragedy. In dark romanticism the dark side of man’s soul discovered. It has lead to the birth of the Gothic style and has greatly influenced music and art.
- 9. Works of the genre commonly aim to inspire terror, including through accounts of the macabre and supernatural, haunted structures, and the search for identity Skeptics find Gothic Literature melodramatic and predictable Gothic fiction is more about sheer terror than Dark Romanticism's themes of dark mystery and skepticism regarding man.
- 10. He was adopted by a successful merchant and his wife After taking up drinking and having to quit university, he joined the army He eventually lived in New York, became a newspaper and magazine editor, and began publishing writing His personal life was plagued with tragedy and he died suddenly of an unexplained illness on October 7, 1849 Works: "The Tell-Tale Heart“ "The Black Cat“ "The Raven""Ulalume“"The Black Cat“ "The Fall of the House of Usher“"Ligeia"
- 11. Born in Salem, Massachusetts to a family with a long New England history Changed his name from Hawthorne to separate himself from the legacy of judge Hawthorne (witch trials) Friends with transcendentalists but was rather reclusive with his wife Works: Scarlet Letter, Minister’s Black Veil
- 12. Raised in a prominent New York family until his father’s death At age 12 he was attempting to support his family with odd jobs His adventures as a seaman inspired him to write Works: Moby Dick, Bartleby the Scrivener