Dante has gone astray and his love Beatrice asks Virgil to guide him on a journey through Hell to set him straight. Virgil leads Dante through 9 circles of Hell, with increasing punishment for greater sins. They encounter many figures assigning punishment fitting each sin, from unbaptized pagans in Limbo to betrayers frozen in Lucifer's jaws at the center of Hell. Dante witnesses inventive tortures designed to counteract each sin for all eternity.

2. About the Author
• Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
• An Italian poet known for his work
“The Divine Comedy”
• His depictions of Hell, Purgatory and
Heaven provided inspiration for the
larger body of Western art.

3. About the poem
• The title itself means “Hell”.
• It is the first part of the Italian epic
poem “The Divine Comedy” which is
followed by “Purgatorio” and
“Paradiso”
• It covers the first 34 Cantos (stanzas)
of the epic poem.

4. About the poem
• It is designed as an
inverted funnel which
is divided into 9 circles.
• The worst sins are
placed lower down,
near Satan.

5. Main characters
Dante
Protagonist of the poemwho
embarks on a spiritual quest
after erring in life
An ancient Roman poet who
guides Dante through the
circles of Hell
virgil

6. characters
beatrice
The love interest of Dante who
asks Virgil to find Dante and
guide him on his way
The prince of Hell who takes
the form of a giant with
three faces.
lucifer

7. 1. Leopard represents the sin
of malice
The three beasts
2. lion
3. She-wolf
The animals encountered by
Dante.
represents the sin of
violence
represents
the sin of
self-
indulgenc
e
In the
forest

8. beatrice
The love interest of
Dante who asks
Virgil to findDante
and guide himon his
way
The virgin mary
She also asked Virgil
to help Dante in his
time of need.
St. lucia
She joinedBeatrice
and the VirginMary
in soliciting Virgil to
help Dante.
charon
He is the boatman
who brought Dante
and Virgil into Hell.
The three women In the
forest

9. The four poets
homer
ovid
horace
lucan
The Iliad and The
Odyssey
Lyrics and odes
Metamorphoses
Produced a
number of
historical
epicsamorphoses
1st circle

10. The three philosophers
aristotle
plato
socrates
Together, they laid the
groundwork for Western
philosophy and were
immensely influential
among the philosophers
and theologians of
medieval Europe.
Julius caesar
a Roman statesmanwho
transformed therepublic
into an Empire during the
1st centuryBCE.
1st circle

11. The adulterous couple 2nd
circle
An adulterous Florentine couple
killed by Francesca’s husband,
Gianciotto, who was also Paolo’s
brother. They are punishedby being
buffeted by great winds in the
Second Circle of hell.Francesca da Rimini
Paolo Malatesta

12. 2nd
circle
minos
A legendary King of Crete who occupies the
threshold of the SecondCircle and assigns places
to the incoming damned. The number of times
Minos’s tail wraps around his body indicates the
number of the circle that each new sinner is sent
to.

13. The gluttons 3rd circle
cerberus
The three-headeddog
that watches over the
gluttonous sinners of the
ThirdCircle. Virgil
throws mudin
Cerberus’s mouth to slip
by safely.
ciacco
A gluttonous male
inhabitant of
Florence. His name
means “pig”. He
wallows in mud
with the other
gluttons in the
Third Circle.

14. The underworld god 4th circle
plutus
A Greek god of the underworld. He is
situatedat the entrance to the Fourth
Circle. Because he is the god of material
wealth, he guards over the realm of the
greedy.

15. Men on the river styx 5th circle
phlegyas
A ferryman on the
River Styx, which
constitutes the Fifth
Circle. He delivers
Dante andVirgil
across.
A Florentine
resident who, in life,
differed politically
with Dante. Argenti
is a Black Guelph,
whereas Dante is a
White Guelph.
Filippo argenti

16. The opposers
6th circle
Arrives and
opens the City
of Dis for
Dante and
Virgil
The angel The heretics
Theirsin is
having
believedthat
the soul dies
with the body.

17. The opposers
6th circle
An evil, serpent-
hairedGreek
monstress whose
gaze can turn
people to stone
medusa
Queen Medusa’s
handmaids:
Alecto, Magaera,
and Tisiphone.
the three furies

18. The opposers
6th circle
A leader of the
Ghibellines, the
party responsible for
killing Dante’s
grandfather and
favoredimperial
authority
A shade who was
once a member of
the Guelph party
andan ally of
Dante’s
Farinata degli Uberti Cavalcante dei Cavalcanti

19. The centaurs
7th circle
The chief of the
centaurs anda
figure from
Greek mythology
chiron
Creatures with
the heads of
men andthe
bodies of horses

20. The centaurs 7th circle
Minoan beast withthe head
of a bull and the body of a
man. He guards the
entrance to the Seventh
Circle.
minotaur
harpies Voracious creatures with
the bodies of birds and
the heads of women
nessus
A centaurwhotried to
carry off Deianira, the
wife of Hercules
Pier delle Vigne
Accused of plotting against
Frederick II and took his
own life after being blinded
and imprisoned
geryon
The monster fromthe circles of
fraud. In Greekmythology, he was
killedby Hercules. He has the face
of a man, thebody of a reptilian
beast, and a stinging tail.

21. The blasphemers and the violent sinners 7th circle
Two that ran
Lano and Jacomo – violence
against self
blasphemers
Violence against God in the formof
opinions and utterances

22. The fraudulent and malicious 8th circle
Alessio Interminei
Jason
Venedico Caccianemico
Simoniacs
Barrators
Malebranche
The Soul from Navarre
Caiaphas
Catalano and Loderingo
Hypocrites
Vanni Fucci
Cacus
Diomede
Ulysses
Guido da Montefeltro
Bertrand de Born
CurioMuhammad
Mosca dei Lamberti
Pier da Medicina
Griffolino d’Arezzo
Capocchio
Gianni Schicchi
Master Adam of Brescia
Myrrha
Sinon of Troy
Antaeus Ephialtes Nimrod

23. 9th circle
Alessandro and Napoleone degli Alberti
Bocca degli Abati
Buoso da Duera
Camiscion de’ Pazzi
Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
Ugolino della Gherardesca
Fra Alberigo
Ser Branca d’ Oria
Brutus
Cassius
Judas Iscariot
The centaurs

24. setting
In hell

25. synopsis
Dante has not been
a good boy.
His dead love Beatrice
asks the Virgin Mary to
help himsee the error
of his ways.

26. synopsis
Mary accepts and asks Virgil to guide Dante as he
journeys on a three-day trip through hell.

27. synopsis
Dante encounters the three
wild animals which are the
leopard, lion, and she-wolf.
Virgil rescues him from
attacks when Beatrice
intercedes on his behalf.

28. 1. Leopard represents the sin
of self-indulgence
The three beasts
2. lion
3. She-wolf
The animals encountered by
Dante.
represents the sin of
violence
represents
the sin of
malice
In the
forest

29. synopsis
Abandon all hope, ye who enter here.
outcasts

30. synopsis
• The first circle called Limbo
• Sinners:
- the unbaptized/virtuous pagans
• Punishment:
- struck with grief from a lack of
God’s presence.

31. The four poets
homer
ovid
horace
lucan
The Iliad and The
Odyssey
Lyrics and odes
Metamorphoses
Produced a
number of
historical
epicsamorphoses
1st circle

32. The three philosophers
aristotle
plato
socrates
Together, they laid the
groundwork for Western
philosophy and were
immensely influential
among the philosophers
and theologians of
medieval Europe.
Julius caesar
a Roman statesmanwho
transformed therepublic
into an Empire during the
1st centuryBCE.
1st circle

33. synopsis
• The second circle called Lustful
• Sinners:
- the lustful, the adulterous
• Punishment:
- blown by a violent storm without
hope of rest

34. The adulterous couple 2nd
circle
An adulterous Florentine couple
killed by Francesca’s husband,
Gianciotto, who was also Paolo’s
brother. They are punishedby being
buffeted by great winds in the
Second Circle of hell.Francesca da Rimini
Paolo Malatesta

35. 2nd
circle
minos
A legendary King of Crete who occupies the
threshold of the Second Circle and assigns places
to the incoming damned. The number of times
Minos’ tail wraps aroundhis body indicates the
number of the circle that each new sinner is sent
to.

36. synopsis
• The third circle called Gluttony
• Sinners:
- the gluttons
• Punishment:
- bombarded with rain, hail, and
black snow

37. The gluttons 3rd circle
cerberus
The three-headeddog
that watches over the
gluttonous sinners of the
ThirdCircle. Virgil
throws mudin
Cerberus’s mouth to slip
by safely.
ciacco
A gluttonous male
inhabitant of
Florence. His name
means “pig”. He
wallows in mud
with the other
gluttons in the
Third Circle.

38. synopsis
• The fourth circle called Avarice and
Prodigality
• Sinners:
- hoarders, spenders
• Punishment:
- hoarders: forced to push boulders
to the center of the circle
- spenders: forced to push boulders back out of
the centerof the circle

40. The underworld god 4th circle
plutus
A Greek god of the underworld. He is
situatedat the entrance to the Fourth
Circle. Because he is the god of material
wealth, he guards over the realm of the
greedy.

41. synopsis
• The fifth circle called Wrath and
Sullenness.
• Sinners:
- wrathful, sullen
• Punishment:
- wrathful: engagedin combat with one
another on the surface of the River Styx
- sullen: sunk to the bottomof the River Styx

43. Men on the river styx 5th circle
phlegyas
A ferryman on the
River Styx, which
constitutes the Fifth
Circle. He delivers
Dante andVirgil
across.
A Florentine
resident who, in life,
differed politically
with Dante. Argenti
is a Black Guelph,
whereas Dante is a
White Guelph.
Filippo argenti

44. synopsis
• The sixthcircle called Heresy or
the City of Dis
• Sinners:
- heretics
• Punishment:
- locked in burning stone coffins

45. The opposers
6th circle
Arrives and
opens the City
of Dis for
Dante and
Virgil
The angel The heretics
Theirsin is
having
believedthat
the soul dies
with the body.

46. The opposers
6th circle
An evil, serpent-
hairedGreek
monstress whose
gaze can turn
people to stone
medusa
Queen Medusa’s
handmaids:
Alecto, Magaera,
and Tisiphone.
the three furies

47. The opposers
6th circle
A leader of the
Ghibellines, the
party responsible for
killing Dante’s
grandfather and
favoredimperial
authority
A shade who was
once a member of
the Guelph party
andan ally of
Dante’s
Farinata degli Uberti Cavalcante dei Cavalcanti

48. synopsis
• The seventh circle called Plain of Fire
• Sinners:
- violent, suicides, blasphemers, sodomites, usurers
• Punishment:
- violent: forcedto swimin a boiling streamof blood
- suicides: transformedinto thorny trees that are
rippedapart by the Harpies
- blasphemers, sodomites, usurers: condemnedto a
desert of blazing sandwith a constant rainof fire

49. The centaurs
7th circle
The chief of the
centaurs anda
figure from
Greek mythology
chiron
Creatures with
the heads of
men andthe
bodies of horses

50. The centaurs 7th circle
Minoan beast withthe head
of a bull and the body of a
man. He guards the
entrance to the Seventh
Circle.
minotaur
harpies Voracious creatures with
the bodies of birds and
the heads of women
nessus
A centaurwhotried to
carry off Deianira, the
wife of Hercules
Pier delle Vigne
Accused of plotting against
Frederick II and took his
own life after being blinded
and imprisoned
geryon
The monster fromthe circles of
fraud. In Greekmythology, he was
killedby Hercules. He has the face
of a man, thebody of a reptilian
beast, and a stinging tail.

51. The blasphemers and the violent sinners 7th circle
Two that ran
Lano and Jacomo – violence
against self
blasphemers
Violence against God in the formof
opinions and utterances

52. synopsis
• The eight circle called Malebolge
• Sinners:
- seducers, flatterers, simoniacs, diviners, corrupt
politicians, hypocrites, thieves, false counselors,
schismatics, falsifiers
• Punishment:
- seducers: whippedby demons while marching
- flatterers: immersedin human excrement
- simoniacs: placedin holes headfirst with their legs
exposedand burned

53. synopsis
- corrupt politicians: immersed in pool
boiling pitch
- Hypocrites: forcedto wear cloaks of lead
- Thieves: chasedand bitten by reptiles
- False Counselors: wrappedin individual
columns of flame
- Schismatics: split fromchinto groin by
sword
- Falsifiers: compelledto scratch theiritching
skin

54. The fraudulent and malicious 8th circle
Alessio Interminei
Jason
Venedico Caccianemico
Simoniacs
Barrators
Malebranche
The Soul from Navarre
Caiaphas
Catalano and Loderingo
Hypocrites
Vanni Fucci
Cacus
Diomede
Ulysses
Guido da Montefeltro
Bertrand de Born
CurioMuhammad
Mosca dei Lamberti
Pier da Medicina
Griffolino d’Arezzo
Capocchio
Gianni Schicchi
Master Adam of Brescia
Myrrha
Sinon of Troy
Antaeus Ephialtes Nimrod

55. 8th circle
Alessandro and Napoleone degli Alberti
Bocca degli Abati
Buoso da Duera
Camiscion de’ Pazzi
Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
Ugolino della Gherardesca
Fra Alberigo
Ser Branca d’ Oria
Brutus
Cassius
Judas Iscariot
The centaurs

56. synopsis
• The ninth circle called The Pit of Hell
- Sinners: betrayers of kin (CAINA),
betrayers of country
(ANTENORA), Brutus, Cassius,
Judas Iscariot (CENTER),
betrayers of guests
(PTOLOMEA), betrayers of
benefactor (JUDECCA)

57. synopsis
• Punishment:
- Caina: lodgedheadfirst in blocks of ice
- Antenora: forcedto eat one another
- Center: chewedendlessly in Lucifer’s jaws
- Ptolomea: lodgedheadup in blocks of ice
with frost freezing their eyes so that they
cannot cry
- Judecca: contortedand lodgedcompletely
within blocks of ice

58. 9th circle
Alessandro and Napoleone degli Alberti
Bocca degli Abati
Buoso da Duera
Camiscion de’ Pazzi
Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
Ugolino della Gherardesca
Fra Alberigo
Ser Branca d’ Oria
Brutus
Cassius
Judas Iscariot
The centaurs

59. The two poets escape by climbing down the
ragged fur of Lucifer, passing through the center
of the earth, emerging in the other hemisphere
just before dawn on Easter Sunday beneath a sky
studded with stars.

60. Using the same model of Inferno, create your own
version of it. Decide what sin or who committed that
sin on the particular circle.
activity

61. Task rubric
Characteristics
Fully Met Expectations
( 5 points)
Met Some Expectations
(3 points)
Did Not Meet
Expectations
(1 point)
Score
Content
(x2)
The details are presented
clearly and has a
complete picture of the
elements being
described.
The details are not
presented clearly and has
an incomplete picture of
the elements being
described.
The details does not help
the reader visualize the
elements at all.
Originality and
Creativity
Presentation shows
considerable originality
and inventiveness.
Contents are presented
in a unique and
interesting way.
Presentation shows some
originality and
inventiveness. Contents
are presented in an
interesting way.
Presentation shows an
attempt at originality and
inventiveness.
Organization
The presentation is
exceptionally attractive
in terms of design,
layout, neatness and
overall presentation.
The presentation is
attractive in terms of
design, layout, neatness
and overall presentation.
The presentation lacks
attractiveness in terms of
design, layout, neatness
and overall presentation.
TOTAL /20

62. List 1 song and 1 movie that talks about each
circle of inferno.
Write it on a short bond paper.
homework