The document presents information about dams, including their purpose, types, uses, statistics, impacts, and conclusions. It discusses how dams are constructed barriers across rivers to contain water for various uses. The main types of dams described are gravity, buttress, arch, and embankment dams. Dams provide direct uses like water supply, irrigation, and hydroelectric power, as well as indirect uses like flood control. Statistics provided indicate over 45,000 large dams have been built globally, displacing millions of people and supporting food production. The impacts discussed are environmental, sociological like displacement, and economic. The conclusion advocates for smaller dams, careful planning and consideration of sociological impacts against economic objectives.

1. Presented By : Talha Arfi
Registration # 20090498

2. PRESENTATION SCHEME
Why Dams?
What is Dam?
Types of Dams
Uses Of Dams
Dams-Statistics
Impacts of Dams
Conclusion

3. WHY DAMS?
Water is essential for sustaining all life.
Population movement and increase require water
year round in remote areas.
Water collection and utilization is important.
Ability to sustain dough and dry situations.

4. WHAT IS DAM?
A structure to contain water.
A solid barrier constructed at a suitable location
across a river valley.
Has mechanically engineered structure to direct and
control flow of water and storage.

5. TYPES OF DAMS
Gravity Dam
Buttress Dam
Arch Dam
Embankment Dam

6. USES OF DAMS
Direct Water Usage
Indirect Uses

7. DIRECT WATER USAGE
Private/Domestic
Commercial
Irrigation
Livestock
Industrial
Mining
General Public Supply

8. INDIRECT USES
Hydroelectric Power
Flood Control
Transportation

9. DAMS STATISTICS
By the end of the 20th
century , there were 45,000 large
dams built in 150 countries .
International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD)
Displacement of 4 million people annually due to dams.
Approximately 1,700 dams are being built , at the cost of
about 50 million dollars per year.
19% of electricity from hydro power-more than 50% in 63
countries.
12% of all dams have a water supply function.
75 countries have dams for flood control.
Dam supports 30-40% of irrigated area and 12-16% of
global food production.
World Commission on Dams (WCD)

10. IMPACTS OF DAMS
Environmental Impacts
Sociological Impacts
Economical Impacts
Effects of Dams on Water Quality

11. Environmental Impacts
River Pollution
Erosion
Loss of Aesthetic View
Air Pollution
Noise Pollution
Dust

12. SOCIOLOGICAL IMPACTS
Indigenous People Affected
Loss of Ecosystems
Loss of Species
Displacement Of People

13. DISPLACEMENT OF PEOPLE BY
DAMS

14. ECONOMICAL IMPACTS
Agriculture
Power Generation
Water Supply
Employment

15. EFFECTSON WATER QUALITY
Change in Temperature
Turbidity
Dissolved Gas in the Water
Eutrophication

16. CONCLUSION
Small dams should be built instead of large dams
Careful planning throughout the site selection ,
design and construction of dam is critical
Sociological impacts should be considered along with
the main objectives of water supply , power
generation and flood control
Economic incentives should be weighed against
sociological impacts

18. QUESTION & ANSWERS SESSION