Steel fiber reinforced concrete (S F R C) is a composite material developed to reduce the brittleness
of concrete and dramatically increases its ductility. Steel fiber reinforced concrete (S F R C) is used extensively
to line the tunnels and other underground structures, to increase the thickness of pavements, and to repair and
strengthen various structures. Increasing utilization of lightweight materials in structural applications is making
pumice stone a very popular raw material. More than the target means strength of M 50 concrete is achieved
with 10 percent and 20 percent replacement of natural coarse aggregate by pumice aggregate, silica fume and
with 1% & 1.5 percent of fiber. The compressive strength of pumice concrete is seen to increase with the fiber
content and reaches an optimum value at 1.5% of fiber content and afterwards it gets decreased for various
contents of pumice.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF COMPRESSION MEMBER WITH BAMBOO AS REINFORCEMENT AND COC...civej
Concrete is the most widely used construction material. Among all ingredients of concrete, aggregates form
the major portion; further there exists a challenge in attaining the structural light weight concrete utilizing
the waste. Among the natural waste coconut shells can suitably replace these natural aggregates. The
compression testing on cube and split tensile test on cylinder were performed to authenticate its feasibility.
Concrete is reinforced with steel bars to negate its weak tension carrying capacity. However, due to higher
cost and non-renewability of steel, nowadays attempts were made to provide a low-cost, sustainable
material. The feasibility for the usage of locally procured bamboo as reinforcement is tested to evaluate its
Elasticity and ultimate strength. The axial compression test on various columns were performed comparing
its axial deformation, Energy absorption capacity, ultimate load, displacement ductility and degradation in
stiffness.
A Study on Effect of Sizes of aggregates on Steel Fiber Reinforced ConcreteIJERD Editor
Plain, unreinforced concrete is a brittle material, with a low tensile strength, limited ductility and
little resistance to cracking. In order to improve the inherent tensile strength of concrete there is a need of
multidirectional and closely spaced reinforcement, which can be provided in the form of randomly distributed
fibers. Steel fiber is one of the most commonly used fibers The present experimental study considers the effect
of aggregate size and steel fibers on the modulus of elasticity of concrete. Crimped steel fibers at volume
fraction of 0%.0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% were used. Study on effect of volume fraction of fibers and change of
aggregate size on the modulus of elasticity of concrete was also deemed as an important part of present
experimental investigation. This work aims in studying the mechanical behavior of concrete in terms of modulus
of elasticity with the change of aggregate size reinforced with steel fibers of different series for M30 and M50
grade concretes. The results obtained show that the addition of steel fiber improves the modulus of elasticity of
concrete. It was also analyzed that by increasing the fiber volume fraction from 0%, to 1.5% there was a healthy
effect on modulus of elasticity of Steel Fiber Reinforced concrete.
This research investigated the effect of adding pegs along the bamboo
reinforcement in order to increase the bonding strength of bamboo reinforcement.
Present experiment employed 24 beam specimens, sized 18 cm x 28 cm x160 cm. The
variations of the concrete materials were 23 MPa and 31 MPa with 6 cm and 12 cm
peg spaces, and reinforcement ratio of 0.8% and 1.6%. Two Control specimens
conducted without pegs along the beam were made from 23 MPa concrete strength
with reinforcement ratio 0.8%, and a 31 MPa concrete beam with 1.6% reinforcement
ratio. By using pegs along the reinforcements, all specimens showed higher strength
capacity of beam structures. Moreover, the addition of pegs caused the bamboo to
reach 70% of its maximum strength.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF COMPRESSION MEMBER WITH BAMBOO AS REINFORCEMENT AND COC...civej
Concrete is the most widely used construction material. Among all ingredients of concrete, aggregates form
the major portion; further there exists a challenge in attaining the structural light weight concrete utilizing
the waste. Among the natural waste coconut shells can suitably replace these natural aggregates. The
compression testing on cube and split tensile test on cylinder were performed to authenticate its feasibility.
Concrete is reinforced with steel bars to negate its weak tension carrying capacity. However, due to higher
cost and non-renewability of steel, nowadays attempts were made to provide a low-cost, sustainable
material. The feasibility for the usage of locally procured bamboo as reinforcement is tested to evaluate its
Elasticity and ultimate strength. The axial compression test on various columns were performed comparing
its axial deformation, Energy absorption capacity, ultimate load, displacement ductility and degradation in
stiffness.
A Study on Effect of Sizes of aggregates on Steel Fiber Reinforced ConcreteIJERD Editor
Plain, unreinforced concrete is a brittle material, with a low tensile strength, limited ductility and
little resistance to cracking. In order to improve the inherent tensile strength of concrete there is a need of
multidirectional and closely spaced reinforcement, which can be provided in the form of randomly distributed
fibers. Steel fiber is one of the most commonly used fibers The present experimental study considers the effect
of aggregate size and steel fibers on the modulus of elasticity of concrete. Crimped steel fibers at volume
fraction of 0%.0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% were used. Study on effect of volume fraction of fibers and change of
aggregate size on the modulus of elasticity of concrete was also deemed as an important part of present
experimental investigation. This work aims in studying the mechanical behavior of concrete in terms of modulus
of elasticity with the change of aggregate size reinforced with steel fibers of different series for M30 and M50
grade concretes. The results obtained show that the addition of steel fiber improves the modulus of elasticity of
concrete. It was also analyzed that by increasing the fiber volume fraction from 0%, to 1.5% there was a healthy
effect on modulus of elasticity of Steel Fiber Reinforced concrete.
This research investigated the effect of adding pegs along the bamboo
reinforcement in order to increase the bonding strength of bamboo reinforcement.
Present experiment employed 24 beam specimens, sized 18 cm x 28 cm x160 cm. The
variations of the concrete materials were 23 MPa and 31 MPa with 6 cm and 12 cm
peg spaces, and reinforcement ratio of 0.8% and 1.6%. Two Control specimens
conducted without pegs along the beam were made from 23 MPa concrete strength
with reinforcement ratio 0.8%, and a 31 MPa concrete beam with 1.6% reinforcement
ratio. By using pegs along the reinforcements, all specimens showed higher strength
capacity of beam structures. Moreover, the addition of pegs caused the bamboo to
reach 70% of its maximum strength.
Influence of GGBS on Mechanical Properties of Low Traffic Concrete Paver BlocksAbdulRazakBH
Abstract: Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are the integral part of modern concrete with significant enhancement
in concrete performance. Low cost of production, low heat of hydration along with improved mechanical properties encourage
the replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with SCMs to a greater extent. The study focusses on influence of Ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as SCM in production of concrete paver blocks. Compressive strength, split tensile
strength, and flexural strength are the properties under consideration. Improved compressive strength and flexural strength was
observed in blended concrete with 20% and 40% GGBS replacement levels.
Keywords: GGBS, M-Sand, Paver Blocks, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength
Experimental study on behaviour of concrete using steel fiber as a tensile ma...KavinKumarR3
Concrete is widely used in all over the world. It gives a compression strength and when it is collaborate with the steel the tension strength is increased. Traditional reinforcement will takes time. So by using the steel fibers in the concrete it will gives the high strength and durability. The fiber will leads to compensate the weakness in the concrete. Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is successfully used in the slabs, flooring, and even in beams. The formation has proved the high tensile strength when it added in the concrete.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
A Review Study on Effect of Steel Fibre and Marble Dust with Strength of Pave...ijtsrd
There is growing interest in the construction of concrete pavements, due to its high strength, durability, better serviceability and overall economy in the long run. The thrust nowadays is to produce thinner and green pavement sections of better quality, which can carry the heavy loads. The high strength steel fibre reinforced concrete is a concrete having compressive strength greater than 40MPa, made of hydraulic cements and containing fine and coarse aggregates; and discontinuous, unconnected, randomly distributed steel fibres. The present study aims at, developing pavement quality concrete mixtures incorporating marble dust as partial replacement of cement as well as steel fibres. The aim is to the design of slab thickness of PQC pavement using the achieved flexural strength of the concrete mixtures. In this study, the flexural, compressive and split tensile strength for pavement quality concrete mixtures for different percentage of steel fibres and replacement of cement with marble dust are reported. It is found out the maximum increase in flexure strength, compressive strength and split tensile strength is for 0% Marble Dust and 1% Steel fibre. Also it has been possible to achieve savings in cement by replacing it with marble dust and adding fibres. This study also shows that in view of the high flexural strength, high values of compressive strength and high values of split tensile strength, higher load carrying capacity and higher life expectancy, the combination of 10 to 20% marble dust replacement along with addition of 0.5 to 1% steel fibres is ideal for design of Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC). Krishan Kumar | Sumesh Jain"A Review Study on Effect of Steel Fibre and Marble Dust with Strength of Pavement Quality Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd151.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/151/a-review-study-on-effect-of-steel-fibre-and-marble-dust-with-strength-of-pavement-quality-concrete/krishan-kumar
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The idea of using bamboo as possible reinforcement has gained popularity. Bamboo, as a fast growing renewable material with a simple production process, is expected to be a sustainable alternative for more traditional structural materials, such as concrete, steel and timber. The diminishing wood resource and reduction in natural forests, particularly in the tropics, have focused world attention on the need to identify a substitute building material that should be renewable, environment friendly and widely available. The tensile strength of bamboo fiber can be comparable to that of steel, and the average fracture toughness of bamboo can be higher than that of aluminum alloy. Bamboo grows at rapid rates, it almost grows to its full size in a few months and finishes developing within five years. Bamboo is the world’s fastest growing woody plant. It grows approximately 7.5 to 40cm a day, with world record being 1.2m in 24 hours in Japan. Bamboo grows three times faster than most other species. Commercially important species of bamboo usually mature in four or five years in time.
EFFECT OF CARBON LAMINATION ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE STRUCTURESIAEME Publication
This work consists of preparation and testing of different structural model like cubes, Beams and Columns. They are tested for Compression test, Flexural test and Split tensile Test. The comparison between Laminated and un-laminated Structural Models was made in order to know how much strength gain after testing of these structural models, so by which the rehabilitation of any structure can be done without demolishing it with less weight to strength ratio.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam using steel fiber at different dept...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for enhancing the shear and ultimate strength capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using steel fiber at different depths. Ultimate loads, load-deflection curves, cracking and crushing patterns have been compared with those of the RC beams without steel fiber henceforth noted as controlled beam. A total of four sets of experiments each having three concrete beams, one set control beam and three sets with randomly distributed discrete steel fiber at different depths henceforth noted as fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) beam, were performed to determine the most economical structure in the perspective of ultimate strength and shear capacity. From the test results, it was found that incorporation of steel fiber in RC beams have shown to be effective in enhancing the shear strength capacity. It has also been observed that the strength increases with the use of varying depth of steel fiber. Beam strengthened using this scheme has shown 20% increase in shear strength and ultimate load in comparison to controlled beam.
Key Words: Reinforced Concrete Beams, High Strength Concrete, Steel fibers, strengthening
ENHANCEMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES USING HyFRCIEI GSC
Presentation on ENHANCEMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES USING HyFRC by Needhi Kotoky Under the supervision of Dr. Anjan Dutta and Dr. Sajal K. Deb Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Evaluating the application limits of Unreinforced & Steel Fiber Reinforced Co...MECandPMV
OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
1. Recent tunnel cases with unreinforced and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete tunnel linings
2. Existing Design Codes and Design Recommendations framework
3. Numerical analyses of the unreinforced concrete tunnel linings under static and seismic loading conditions. T1 & T2 tunnels of Maliakos - Kleidi Motorway and T26 tunnel of Athens - Patras Motorway in Greece.
4. Numerical analyses of SFRC tunnel linings under static loading conditions.
5. Some critical thoughts about the geostatic loads on to the tunnel final linings.
6. Some critical thoughts about the ground elastic modulus for the design of tunnel linings
7. Conclusions
The Journal of MC Square Scientific Research is published by MC Square Publication on the monthly basis. It aims to publish original research papers devoted to wide areas in various disciplines of science and engineering and their applications in industry. This journal is basically devoted to interdisciplinary research in Science, Engineering and Technology, which can improve the technology being used in industry. The real-life problems involve multi-disciplinary knowledge, and thus strong inter-disciplinary approach is the need of the research.
Influence of GGBS on Mechanical Properties of Low Traffic Concrete Paver BlocksAbdulRazakBH
Abstract: Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are the integral part of modern concrete with significant enhancement
in concrete performance. Low cost of production, low heat of hydration along with improved mechanical properties encourage
the replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with SCMs to a greater extent. The study focusses on influence of Ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as SCM in production of concrete paver blocks. Compressive strength, split tensile
strength, and flexural strength are the properties under consideration. Improved compressive strength and flexural strength was
observed in blended concrete with 20% and 40% GGBS replacement levels.
Keywords: GGBS, M-Sand, Paver Blocks, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength
Experimental study on behaviour of concrete using steel fiber as a tensile ma...KavinKumarR3
Concrete is widely used in all over the world. It gives a compression strength and when it is collaborate with the steel the tension strength is increased. Traditional reinforcement will takes time. So by using the steel fibers in the concrete it will gives the high strength and durability. The fiber will leads to compensate the weakness in the concrete. Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is successfully used in the slabs, flooring, and even in beams. The formation has proved the high tensile strength when it added in the concrete.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
A Review Study on Effect of Steel Fibre and Marble Dust with Strength of Pave...ijtsrd
There is growing interest in the construction of concrete pavements, due to its high strength, durability, better serviceability and overall economy in the long run. The thrust nowadays is to produce thinner and green pavement sections of better quality, which can carry the heavy loads. The high strength steel fibre reinforced concrete is a concrete having compressive strength greater than 40MPa, made of hydraulic cements and containing fine and coarse aggregates; and discontinuous, unconnected, randomly distributed steel fibres. The present study aims at, developing pavement quality concrete mixtures incorporating marble dust as partial replacement of cement as well as steel fibres. The aim is to the design of slab thickness of PQC pavement using the achieved flexural strength of the concrete mixtures. In this study, the flexural, compressive and split tensile strength for pavement quality concrete mixtures for different percentage of steel fibres and replacement of cement with marble dust are reported. It is found out the maximum increase in flexure strength, compressive strength and split tensile strength is for 0% Marble Dust and 1% Steel fibre. Also it has been possible to achieve savings in cement by replacing it with marble dust and adding fibres. This study also shows that in view of the high flexural strength, high values of compressive strength and high values of split tensile strength, higher load carrying capacity and higher life expectancy, the combination of 10 to 20% marble dust replacement along with addition of 0.5 to 1% steel fibres is ideal for design of Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC). Krishan Kumar | Sumesh Jain"A Review Study on Effect of Steel Fibre and Marble Dust with Strength of Pavement Quality Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd151.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/151/a-review-study-on-effect-of-steel-fibre-and-marble-dust-with-strength-of-pavement-quality-concrete/krishan-kumar
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The idea of using bamboo as possible reinforcement has gained popularity. Bamboo, as a fast growing renewable material with a simple production process, is expected to be a sustainable alternative for more traditional structural materials, such as concrete, steel and timber. The diminishing wood resource and reduction in natural forests, particularly in the tropics, have focused world attention on the need to identify a substitute building material that should be renewable, environment friendly and widely available. The tensile strength of bamboo fiber can be comparable to that of steel, and the average fracture toughness of bamboo can be higher than that of aluminum alloy. Bamboo grows at rapid rates, it almost grows to its full size in a few months and finishes developing within five years. Bamboo is the world’s fastest growing woody plant. It grows approximately 7.5 to 40cm a day, with world record being 1.2m in 24 hours in Japan. Bamboo grows three times faster than most other species. Commercially important species of bamboo usually mature in four or five years in time.
EFFECT OF CARBON LAMINATION ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE STRUCTURESIAEME Publication
This work consists of preparation and testing of different structural model like cubes, Beams and Columns. They are tested for Compression test, Flexural test and Split tensile Test. The comparison between Laminated and un-laminated Structural Models was made in order to know how much strength gain after testing of these structural models, so by which the rehabilitation of any structure can be done without demolishing it with less weight to strength ratio.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam using steel fiber at different dept...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for enhancing the shear and ultimate strength capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using steel fiber at different depths. Ultimate loads, load-deflection curves, cracking and crushing patterns have been compared with those of the RC beams without steel fiber henceforth noted as controlled beam. A total of four sets of experiments each having three concrete beams, one set control beam and three sets with randomly distributed discrete steel fiber at different depths henceforth noted as fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) beam, were performed to determine the most economical structure in the perspective of ultimate strength and shear capacity. From the test results, it was found that incorporation of steel fiber in RC beams have shown to be effective in enhancing the shear strength capacity. It has also been observed that the strength increases with the use of varying depth of steel fiber. Beam strengthened using this scheme has shown 20% increase in shear strength and ultimate load in comparison to controlled beam.
Key Words: Reinforced Concrete Beams, High Strength Concrete, Steel fibers, strengthening
ENHANCEMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES USING HyFRCIEI GSC
Presentation on ENHANCEMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES USING HyFRC by Needhi Kotoky Under the supervision of Dr. Anjan Dutta and Dr. Sajal K. Deb Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Evaluating the application limits of Unreinforced & Steel Fiber Reinforced Co...MECandPMV
OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
1. Recent tunnel cases with unreinforced and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete tunnel linings
2. Existing Design Codes and Design Recommendations framework
3. Numerical analyses of the unreinforced concrete tunnel linings under static and seismic loading conditions. T1 & T2 tunnels of Maliakos - Kleidi Motorway and T26 tunnel of Athens - Patras Motorway in Greece.
4. Numerical analyses of SFRC tunnel linings under static loading conditions.
5. Some critical thoughts about the geostatic loads on to the tunnel final linings.
6. Some critical thoughts about the ground elastic modulus for the design of tunnel linings
7. Conclusions
The Journal of MC Square Scientific Research is published by MC Square Publication on the monthly basis. It aims to publish original research papers devoted to wide areas in various disciplines of science and engineering and their applications in industry. This journal is basically devoted to interdisciplinary research in Science, Engineering and Technology, which can improve the technology being used in industry. The real-life problems involve multi-disciplinary knowledge, and thus strong inter-disciplinary approach is the need of the research.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Temperature Effect on High Performance Concrete with Fibresdbpublications
Present paper reflects that how temperature affects the compressive strength of the concrete in which the cement and fine aggregates replaced with a mineral admixture like fly ash and bottom ash with a constant percentage of steel fibres and carbon fibres to the volume of concrete respectively. In this investigation , concrete of M25 grade is tried using fly ash as partial replacement for cement for cement at 0%,10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and bottom as partial replacement for fine aggregates at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% with addition of 1% of steel fibres and 0.5% of carbon fibres to the volume of concrete. The effect of the temperature on the compressive strength of SFRC and CFRC was studied using a specimen of size 150mm X 150mm X150mm cubes. After 28 days of curing the specimens were kept in a oven at 1000 C of temperature for 1 hour. The result obtained for SFRC and CFRC were compared with the same grade normal concrete results which was having same W/C ratio.
Study on Strength Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Agg...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract: One of the major challenges in our present society is the protection of environment. Some of the important elements in this respect are the reduction in the consumption of energy and natural raw materials and consumption of waste materials must be increased. This experimental study is to investigate the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate on the strength properties. The common management options for copper slag are recycling, recovering of metal, production of value added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, cutting tools, abrasive tiles, glass, rail road ballast, asphalt pavements. Despite increasing reusing of copper slag, the huge amounts of its annual production is disposed in dumps or stockpiles. In the present study experimental investigation has been carried out on M25 grade concrete is used and tests were conducted for various percentage replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag in concrete. The obtained results were compared with those of control concrete made with ordinary portland cement and sand. The use of copper slag in concrete provides potential environment as well as economic benefits for all related industries, particularly in areas where a considerable amount of copper slag is produced. This study reviews the characteristics of copper slag and its effect on the engineering properties of M25 grade concrete.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF COMPRESSION MEMBER WITH BAMBOO AS REINFORCEMENT AND COC...civejjour
Concrete is the most widely used construction material. Among all ingredients of concrete, aggregates form the major portion; further there exists a challenge in attaining the structural light weight concrete utilizing the waste. Among the natural waste coconut shells can suitably replace these natural aggregates. The compression testing on cube and split tensile test on cylinder were performed to authenticate its feasibility. Concrete is reinforced with steel bars to negate its weak tension carrying capacity. However, due to higher cost and non-renewability of steel, nowadays attempts were made to provide a low-cost, sustainable material. The feasibility for the usage of locally procured bamboo as reinforcement is tested to evaluate its Elasticity and ultimate strength. The axial compression test on various columns were performed comparing its axial deformation, Energy absorption capacity, ultimate load, displacement ductility and degradation in stiffness.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Fiber Reinforced High Streng...IJERD Editor
The use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) is gaining importance throughout the globe due to
the depleting sources of natural aggregate and disposal problem of demolished waste. The advancement in the
prestressed concrete technology and multistoried structures has given impetus for making concrete of high
strength. Also, it is well established that the fibers make concrete ductile. The aim of this research work is to
determine the suitability of glass fibers for use in structural recycled aggregate concrete of high strength. The
fresh and hardened state properties of partially replaced recycled aggregate concrete, with varying percentages
of glass fibers, are compared with the corresponding conventional aggregate concrete. The compressive, split
tensile and flexural strengths of M50 grade concrete with various replacement levels of coarse aggregate were
done . The maximum values of all these strengths were obtained at 1.5% of fiber content
The corrosion in reinforcing steel is the most detrimental effect on endangering the structural behaviour of steel in
concrete. This present study focuses on predicting the corrosion behaviour of concrete in which Manufactured Sand (MSand)
is used as a partial replacement for natural sand. To retain the natural resource such as natural sand an attempt is
made in this research by partially replacing the natural sand with M-Sand. Experimental and numerical investigation has
been carried out for three different levels of corrosion 5%, 10% and 25% to define mild, medium and severe exposure
condition. National Bureau of Standard (NBS) beams have been casted and analysed for thecorrosion performances of steel
that is embedded in concrete by accelerated corrosion technique for concrete of grade M40 replaced with 60%
manufactured sand for river sand which is found optimum. From the experimental investigation, it has been observed that
there is adecline in the load carrying capacity of NBS RC beams due to reinforcement corrosion. Numerical investigation
was made with concrete modelled as solid 65 element and reinforcement modelled as Link 8 elements by ANSYS software
using finite element method.
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
The paper addresses the importance of welding design to prevent corrosion at steel. Welding is
used to join pipe, profiles at bridges, spindle, and a lot more part of engineering construction. The
problems happened associated with welding are common issues in these fields, especially corrosion.
Corrosion can be reduced with many methods, they are painting, controlling humidity, and also good
welding design. In the research, it can be found that reducing residual stress on the welding can be
solved in corrosion rate reduction problem.
Preheating on 500oC and 600oC give better condition to reduce corosion rate than condition after
preheating 400oC. For all welding groove type, material with 500oC and 600oC preheating after 14 days
corrosion test is 0,5%-0,69% lost. Material with 400oC preheating after 14 days corrosion test is 0,57%-0,76%
lost.
Welding groove also influence corrosion rate. X and V type welding groove give better condition to reduce
corrosion rate than use 1/2V and 1/2 X welding groove. After 14 days corrosion test, the samples with
X welding groove type is 0,5%-0,57% lost. The samples with V welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is
0,51%-0,59% lost. The samples with 1/2V and 1/2X welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is 0,58%-
0,71% lost.
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...
An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Light Weight Aggregate (Pumice Stone) Concrete
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 10, Issue 12 (December 2014), PP.20-24
20
An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Steel Fibre
Reinforced High Strength Light Weight Aggregate
(Pumice Stone) Concrete
Sreenu Babu Deyyala1
1
PG Student, Pydah College of Engineering & Technology, Vizag
Abstract:- Steel fiber reinforced concrete (S F R C) is a composite material developed to reduce the brittleness
of concrete and dramatically increases its ductility. Steel fiber reinforced concrete (S F R C) is used extensively
to line the tunnels and other underground structures, to increase the thickness of pavements, and to repair and
strengthen various structures. Increasing utilization of lightweight materials in structural applications is making
pumice stone a very popular raw material. More than the target means strength of M 50 concrete is achieved
with 10 percent and 20 percent replacement of natural coarse aggregate by pumice aggregate, silica fume and
with 1% & 1.5 percent of fiber. The compressive strength of pumice concrete is seen to increase with the fiber
content and reaches an optimum value at 1.5% of fiber content and afterwards it gets decreased for various
contents of pumice.
Keywords:- Cube Compressive Strength, Light Weight Aggregate Concrete, Natural Pumice Stone, Steel Fibre
I. INTRODUCTION
PUMICE is a natural sponge-like material of volcanic origin composed of molten lava rapidly cooling
and trapping millions of tiny air bubbles. In recent years, the existing limited research that has been conducted
in this area of structural concrete with compressive strength up to 50 M Pa can be produced with adequate
economic benefits using pumice. Pumice is the only rock that floats on water, although it eventually becomes
waterlogged and sinks. Worldwide, over 50 countries produce pumice products. The largest producer is Italy,
which dominates pozzolonic production. Other major pumice producers are Greece, Chile, Spain, Turkey, and
the United States. Pumice and pumicites are used to make lightweight construction materials. About three-
quarters of pumice and pumicite are consumed annually for this purpose.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Banthia, N. and Trottier,J.,[1] conducted research on concrete reinforced with deformed steel fibers and
suggested that in lightweight fiber reinforced concrete the addition of fibers produces an increase in compressive
strength.
Compione, G., et all [2-4] suggested that brittle nature of lightweight aggregate can be overcome by
increasing the ordinary confinement of transverse reinforcement and/or by adding reinforcing fibers to the
concrete matrix. Also they have suggested that the presence of fibbers reduces material decay in the field of the
strains exceeding that corresponding to the peak value of strength.
Balaguru, P.; and Ramakrishnan, V. [5] conducted research on Properties of fiber reinforced concrete
and suggested that Properties of lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete resemble that of normal- weight concrete
except for air entrainment. Controlling air content is the primary problem in lightweight fiber concrete. By
incorporating high-range water-reducing admixtures, one can formulate lightweight fibber concrete that is of
higher workability.
Campione G., Mindess S., and Zingone G. [6] suggested that in the case of normal weight or light
weight high strength concrete fibers in combination with traditional steel reinforcements reduce the brittleness
characterizing these advanced materials. Fibers improve ductility of concrete and avoid congestion of secondary
reinforcements required in critical regions of structures designed in seismic zones. Lightweight concrete, which
was largely utilized for its non-structural properties (as lagging or soundproofing material), has also been
employed more recently to make structural elements, in particular in the field of precast concrete structures.
P.Muthupriya, K.Subramanian, B.G.Vishnuram [7] studied the behaviour of short columns produced from
High Performance Concrete (HPC). In this investigation HPC grade M60 was manufactured with usual
2. An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Light Weight...
21
ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and mineral admixtures such as silica fume
and fly ash at various replacement levels and the super plasticizer(1.5% by weight of cement ). The water
binder ratio adopted was 0.3. specimens such as cubes, cylinders and prisms were casted and tested for various
mixes viz., seven mixes M1 to M7 are casted with 0%,5%, 7.5% and 10% replacement of silica fume to cement
and another replacement of fly ash to study the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile
strength and flexural strength at different ages of concrete 3,7,28,56 and 90 days. The result showed that the
optimum replacement of silica fume is at 7.5%.
III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
Mix design has been conducted for M 50 concrete making use of ACI-211:4R code with normal
constituents of concrete like locally available UltraTech OPC 53 grade cement. river sand and mechanically
crushed 20 mm conventional granite. Pumice light weight aggregate and steel fibre were procured from
Nagpur.The experimental investigation is divided into two phases. In the first phase of investigation, natural
granite aggregate is replaced with pumice stone in percentages of 10%,20% and 30% using silica fume as
mineral admixture.Silica Fume was used in this study as a partial replacement to cement at a percentage of
7.5%. After getting the compressive strengths of the above said proportions, a strategy has been developed to
improve the compressive strength by incorporating the steel fibers of type : Hooked end of length 35 mm and
diameter 0.45 mm. For this study, 8 sets of cubes were casted with varying proportions of pumice stone and
fibers, in which each set comprises of 3 cubes to determine the compressive strength of concrete.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Comparison of Compressive Strengths with partial replacement of Pumice Stone
The following tabular form presents the compressive strengths of various proportions of M30 grade
concrete mix with and without the partial replacement of Light Weight Aggregate (Pumice Stone).
Table 1: Cube Compressive Strength with Pumice Stone and Silica Fume
Fig: 1 Cube Compressive Strength (Mpa) with the replacement of Pumice Stone
S.No Mix Designation Compressive Strength (28 days)
N/mm2
1. M50 Control Mix 59.00
2. M50 (7.5% SF+10% PS) 57.77
3. M50 (20% PS) 55.55
4. M50 (30% PS) 53.33
5. M50 (40% PS) 44.44
3. An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Light Weight...
22
From table:1 & fig.1, it is seen that with the replacement of 10%,20% and 30% Pumice Stone with
natural coarse granite aggregate, the compressive strengths are consistently decreasing. Hence a strategy is made
to improve the compressive strength of 30% replacement of pumice stone by adding steel fibers.
4.2 Comparison of Compressive Strengths with partial replacement of Pumice Stone & addition of steel
fibers
Table 2: Cube Compressive Strength with Pumice Stone and Steel Fibers
S. No Mix Designation Compressive Strength (28 days)
N/mm2
1. M50 (30% PS) 0.5% SF 60.00
2. M50 (30% PS) 1% SF 61.77
3. M50 (30% PS) 1.5% SF 63.11
4. M50 (30% PS) 2% SF 60.88
Fig: 2 Cube Compressive Strength (Mpa) with the replacement of Pumice Stone & addition of Steel Fiber
From table:2 & fig.2, it is seen that with the addition of steel fibers the compressive strength is
increasing relatively when compared with the cube compressive strength of replacement by pumice stone.
Hence, it is concluded that by the 30% replacement of natural aggregate by 30% pumice and with 1.5%
fiber is supposed to be optimum percentage with respect to compressive strength within the scope of present
investigation. Also pumice content of 20% without fiber is supposed to be the recommendable range to achieve
the design strength of concrete and the value is around 55.55 N/mm2
.
4.3 Weight reduction of Cube Specimens
The Weight of the cube specimens with varying proportions of light weight coarse aggregate (Pumice
Stone) are as follows
Table 3: Weight of Cube Specimens with Pumice Stone
4. An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Light Weight...
23
Fig.3 Average Weight of Cube Specimens (kgs)
From Fig.3 , it is observed that by the replacement of pumice stone with natural granite aggregate,
there is a weight reduction considerably. Even though the weight loss is reduced considerably in 40%
replacement of pumice stone, the cube compressive strength is not upto the mark of the design grade strength
i.e., 50N/mm2.
Fig: 4 Hooked End Steel Fibers used in study
V. CONCLUSIONS
1. The density of concrete is found to decrease with the increase in percentage replacement of natural
aggregate by pumice aggregate.
2. The compressive strength of concrete is found to decrease with the increase in pumice content. It is found
to decrease from 59.00 to 53.33 with the increase in pumice stone replacement from 10 to 30%.
5. An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Light Weight...
24
3. The compressive strength of pumice concrete is seen to increase with the fiber content and reaches an
optimum value at 1.5% of fiber content and afterwards it gets decreased for various contents of pumice.
4. Pumice content of 20% without fiber is supposed to be the recommendable range to achieve the design
strength of concrete and the value is around 55.55 N/mm2
.
5. With the addition of Steel Fiber, the compressive strength of the trail mixes has improved effectively
while comparing with the other trail mixes.
6. Finally, the weight reduction of the specimens with Pumice Stone is more compared with the weights of
specimen with normal aggregate which, in turn results in the reduction of self weight of structure.
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