摄入维生素D和1型糖尿病的风险：对观察性研究的荟萃分析。
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This meta-analysis examined the relationship between vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes. The analysis identified 11 observational studies, including 8 studies on vitamin D supplementation during early life and 3 on maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy. The meta-analysis found that vitamin D supplementation during early life was associated with a 29% reduced risk of type 1 diabetes. However, the analysis found no clear association between maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring.
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![摄入维生素D和1型糖尿病的风险：对观察性研究的荟萃分析。
摘要
维生素D据称对1型糖尿病有保护作用。然而，观察性研究的结果并不一致。我们通过对观察性研究进行荟萃分析来检查这两者
之间的关联。通过于2013年6月搜索多个数据库查找包括病例对照和队列研究在内的相关研究。使用固定或随机效应模型来计算
汇总风险估计。我们明确了早年摄入维生素D的八项研究（两项队列研究和六项病例对照研究），以及妊娠期母体摄入维生素D
的三项研究（两项队列研究和一项病例对照研究）。早年补充维生素D补充与不补充维生素D的1型糖尿病合并比值比为0.71（95
％置信区间[CI]，0.51-0.98）。病例对照亚组分析中也呈现类似结果，但队列亚组分析并未显示此结果。妊娠期母体摄入维生素
D的合并比值比为0.95（95％CI，0.66-1.36）。综上所述，早年摄入维生素D可能与降低1型糖尿病风险相关。然而，并没有足够
的证据表明母体摄入维生素D与胎儿1型糖尿病风险之间的联系。
------------------------
我们是医学图书馆馆员，我们正在进行一项探索非英语医学研究文章全球知名度的实验。
本摘要的翻译由经认证的翻译人员完成。完整开放获取文章的PubMed引用和链接可在这里
找到https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24036529。 请在下面输入您对本项
目及译文质量的意见（如果您是母语人士）。
- 科罗拉多大学健康科学图书馆，Lilian Hoffecker 和 Dana Abbey。](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/vitamindintakeandriskoftype1diabetesameta-analysisofobservationalstudies-171207220415/85/D-1-1-320.jpg)
![Vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Abstract
Vitamin D is suggested to have protective effects against type 1 diabetes. However, the results from observational studies have been inconsistent.
We aimed to examine their association by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. Multiple databases were searched in June 2013 to
identify relevant studies including both case-control and cohort studies. Either a fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled
risk estimate. We identified eight studies (two cohort studies and six case-control studies) on vitamin D intake during early life and three studies
(two cohort studies and one case-control study) on maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy. The pooled odds ratio for type 1 diabetes
comparing vitamin D supplementation with non-supplementation during early life was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.98). Similar
results were observed in the case-control subgroup analysis but not in the cohort subgroup analysis. The pooled odds ratio with maternal intake
of vitamin D during pregnancy was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.66-1.36). In conclusion, vitamin D intake during early life may be associated with a reduced risk
of type 1 diabetes. However, there was not enough evidence for an association between maternal intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes
in the offspring.
_____________
We are medical librarians conducting an experiment to understand the global visibility of non-English medical research articles. The translation
for this abstract was performed by a certified translator. The PubMed citation and link to the whole open access article can be found here
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24036529. Please feel free to add your comments below on the project and, if you are a native-speaker,
on the quality of the translation.
--Lilian Hoffecker and Dana Abbey, Health Sciences Library, University of Colorado.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0132036 July 14, 2015 1 / 16
OPEN ACCESS
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1
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• Cellular testing vs. serologic testing: The advantages of cellular testing
アフリカの妊娠糖尿病：システマティックレビュー。
要旨 背景： 妊娠糖尿病（GDM）は、その程度にかかわらず、妊娠中に最初に認められた耐糖 能障害である。 GDMを発症した大半の女性は、出産後に正常な糖代謝に戻る。しかし、その女性 はその子孫とともに2型糖尿病を発症するリスクがある。 国内のGDM有病率がわかれば、GDMのスクリーニングと管理に関する政策ガイド ラインの策定に役立つ他、調査が必要な地域を浮き彫りにすることができる。 このシステマティックレビューでは、アフリカにおけるGDM有病率を評価する。
糖尿病の成人患者におけるレニン・アンジオテンシン系阻 害薬の心臓血管および腎臓転帰：ネットワークメタアナリ シスによるシステマティックレビュー。
要旨 背景： レニン・アンギオテンシン系（RAS）を阻害することを目的とした医薬品は、糖 尿病患者の心臓血管および腎臓の合併症を予防するために広範に使用されてきた が、臨床効果を比較するデータは限られている。 私たちは糖尿病の成人患者の心臓血管および腎臓転帰に対する各種RAS阻害薬の 効果を比較することを目指した。
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Similar to 摄入维生素D和1型糖尿病的风险：对观察性研究的荟萃分析。
Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis - An Annotated Biography
This document provides an annotated bibliography summarizing several studies on the relationship between vitamin D and multiple sclerosis (MS). The studies found:
1) Early supplementation trials in the 1980s saw a decrease in MS relapse rates with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D. However, the sample size was small.
2) Childhood sun exposure reduced MS risk in monozygotic twins, supporting other findings that sun exposure before age 15 prevents MS.
3) A longitudinal study found similar low vitamin D levels in MS patients and controls in Finland. Relapses occurred when vitamin D levels were low and parathyroid hormone levels were high.
4) A cohort study found women with higher vitamin D intake had
Drug Safety Quarterly
The document summarizes a reproductive health summit organized by the American College of Rheumatology to discuss management of pregnant and lactating women with autoimmune diseases. It provides an overview of presentations given at the summit, including discussions on regulatory challenges presented by the FDA, research interests of the NIH and NICHD, and information on how pregnancy alters disease pathophysiology and drug metabolism. Experts discussed placental and lactation physiology as it relates to drug transport, and presented data on specific autoimmune diseases and their impacts on pregnancy. The overall message was that uncontrolled maternal inflammation can adversely impact the fetus.
2003 deficiencia de zinc y mortalidad
Zinc deficiency is widespread in developing countries and increases children's risk of illness and death from infectious diseases like diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria. Randomized controlled trials show that zinc supplementation significantly reduces the incidence of diarrhea by 18% and pneumonia by 41% in children. A recent study found that zinc supplementation reduced mortality in small-for-gestational-age infants by 68%. Zinc supplementation also provides therapeutic benefits for acute and persistent diarrhea by reducing episode duration and severity. Ongoing large trials are evaluating whether zinc supplementation can reduce child mortality from infectious diseases.
Relationship between low maternal serumvitamin d levels and gestational diabe...
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between low maternal serum vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in 140 pregnant women in India. 70 women diagnosed with GDM were the case group, and 70 normal pregnant women were the control group. The study found that the mean vitamin D level was significantly lower in the GDM group compared to the control group. Additionally, vitamin D levels correlated negatively with HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels in the GDM group, indicating that lower vitamin D levels were associated with worse glycemic control. The study concluded that low maternal vitamin D levels were associated with GDM and that vitamin D levels correlated with glycemic control levels in women with GDM.
Running head CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 1 Congenital Anoma.docx
Running head: CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 1
Congenital Anomalies
Jillian Zucco
Regis College, PMHNP
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 2
Congenital Anomalies
The purpose of this assignment is to critique an article about a topic covered in this
week’s reading material and discuss both the topic and the article with classmates. The topic I
chose for this assignment is: congenital anomalies. Congenital anomalies are genetic or inherited
disorders or developmental disorders that are present at birth. A congenital anomaly can be
caused by a single-gene disorder, which is a mutation in one gene in the ova or sperm that is
passed down to later generations. Mutations in body cells that are not reproductive cells can
cause a disorder or dysfunction but cannot be passed down the way mutations in reproductive
cells can (Vanmeter, 2014).
Chromosomal defects can also be the cause congenital anomalies. During meiosis, DNA
fragments can be displaced or lost. This kind of error is what usually causes chromosomal
anomalies and is more common when the mother is older than age 35. Some congenital
disorders happen at birth, but do not have a genetic component. These can occur from premature
birth, exposure to teratogenic agents, or a traumatic labor or delivery. Teratogenic agents are
those that can damage the embryo or fetus and its development. Some congenital anomalies are
caused by multiple genes, making them polygenic disorders (Vanmeter, 2014).
The article I chose to critique is entitled “Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load
during pregnancy and offspring risk of congenital heart defects: a prospective cohort study.” It
was authored by Amalie Schmidt, Marie Lund, Giulia Corn, Thorhallur Halldorsson, Nina Oyen,
Jan Wohfahrt, Sjurdur Olsen, and Mads Melbye, all of whom are affiliated with reputable
institutions, such as the University of Bergen Department of Global Public Health, Harvard TH
Chan School of Public Health, and Stanford University School of Medicine. The article was
published this year, 2020, in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The purpose of this
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 3
article was research- to examine the relationship between mid-pregnancy dietary glycemic index,
glycemic load, and the risk of congenital heart defects in the baby. The article does not include a
formal literature review, but the introduction section provides information already published
about the topic from previous studies, mostly in the discipline of medicine. The journals cited
from are mostly medical journals on the topics of pediatrics, epidemiology, and diabetes. The
authors identify a research gap by stating that only one other study exists that assesses the risks
between glycemic index and heart defects. The first aim of the study was to investigate the
association between glycemic index and glycemic load during pregnancy and offspring risk of
congenital heart defects using a food-fre.
Antibiotics and Severe Malnutrition
Severe acute malnutrition remains a major cause of childhood mortality worldwide, with 19 million preschool children affected each year. While treatment guidelines have incorporated ready-to-use therapeutic foods and antibiotics in outpatient settings, some children still fail to recover. A 2013 study found that adding amoxicillin or cefdinir to outpatient treatment significantly improved recovery rates. However, a 2016 study found no clear benefit of routine antibiotic use and raised concerns about increasing antibiotic resistance, calling for further research before changing treatment guidelines.
Hiv, Infant Feeding, And Maternal And Child Health
1. Breastfeeding provides numerous health benefits for both infants and mothers. It reduces the risk of breast cancer in mothers and lowers the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child.
2. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 3-6 months of life protects infants from common illnesses like diarrhea and pneumonia. It also supports optimal infant nutrition and development.
3. For HIV-positive mothers, exclusive breastfeeding or replacement feeding with formula can be appropriate depending on individual circumstances. Proper support is crucial to help mothers make informed choices about infant feeding.
Contraindicacion de lm
The document discusses potential contraindications to breastfeeding. It finds that there are few absolute contraindications and that most infectious diseases in the mother are not contraindications. The main infectious diseases that are contraindications are HIV, HTLV I/II, and active pulmonary tuberculosis. For other infections, expressed breast milk can often still be used. A balanced assessment of risks versus benefits is needed on a case-by-case basis.
RESEARCH ARTICLEAssociation between 25(OH)D Level,Ultrav.docx
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Association between 25(OH)D Level,
Ultraviolet Exposure, Geographical Location,
and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Chao Lu, Jun Yang, Weilai Yu, Dejian Li, Zun Xiang, Yiming Lin, Chaohui Yu*
Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310003, China
* [email protected]
Abstract
Background
There is no consensus on the vitamin D levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Aim
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the relationship between IBD
and 25(OH)D, sun exposure, and latitude, and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency
affects the severity of IBD.
Methods
We searched the PubMed, EBSCO, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to identify all studies
that assessed the association between 25(OH)D, sun exposure, latitude, and IBD through
November 1, 2014, without language restrictions. Studies that compared 25(OH)D levels
between IBD patients and controls were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We cal-
culated pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs).
Results
Thirteen case-control studies investigating CD and 25(OH)D levels were included, and eight
studies part of above studies also investigated the relationship between UC and 25(OH)D.
Both CD patients (SMD: 0.26 nmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.42 nmol/L) and
UC patients (SMD: 0.5 nmol/L, 95% CI: 0.15–0.85 nmol/L) had lower levels of 25(OH)D than
controls. In addition, CD patients and UC patients were 1.95 times (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.48–
2.57) and 2.02 times (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.13–3.60) more likely to be 25(OH)D deficient than
controls. We also included 10 studies investigating the relationship between CD activity and
vitamin D. Results showed that patients with active CD (CD Activity Index�150) were more
likely to have low vitamin D levels. In addition, whether low sun exposure and high latitude
were related to a high morbidity of CD need to be provided more evidence.
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0132036 July 14, 2015 1 / 16
OPEN ACCESS
Citation: Lu C, Yang J, Yu W, Li D, Xiang Z, Lin Y, et
al. (2015) Association between 25(OH)D Level,
Ultraviolet Exposure, Geographical Location, and
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 10(7):
e0132036. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132036
Editor: John Green, University Hospital Llandough,
UNITED KINGDOM
Received: March 25, 2015
Accepted: June 9, 2015
Published: July 14, 2015
Copyright: © 2015 Lu et al. This is an open access
article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original author and source are
credited.
Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are
within the paper.
Funding: The authors have no support or funding to
report.
Competing Interests ...
The Role of Vitamin D in Gestational Diabetes
This document discusses a systematic review on the role of vitamin D in maternal and fetal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The review analyzed 36 studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation in GDM pregnancies. The results showed that vitamin D supplementation improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and pancreatic function in GDM patients with a BMI below 35. However, vitamin D supplementation had no effect on GDM outcomes in obese patients or those with genetic risk factors. The review concluded that vitamin D supplementation can help regulate blood glucose in normal-weight GDM patients but not in obese patients or those with strong genetic risk factors.
Austin Biometrics and Biostatistics
Austin Biometrics and Biostatistics is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts covering wide aspects of science of biostatistics that encompasses the design of biological experiments in various related fields like medicine, pharmacy, agriculture and fishery where the collection, summarization, and analysis of data, interpretations of data and inference. This journal also focuses upon the combination of biology and statistics, commonly referred as Biometry or Biometrics.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and technology with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Austin Biometrics and Biostatistics accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all the related aspects of biometrics and biostatistics.
Diabetes Type 1 Sara MartinezChamberlain College of Nursing.docx
Diabetes Type 1
Sara Martinez
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
2018
1
1
What is Diabetes
Body Does not make or properly use insulin: (ADA,2005)
No insulin production
Insufficient insulin production
Resistance to insulin’s effects
No insulin to move glucose from blood into cells
High blood glucose means:
Fuel loss, cells starve
Short and long term complications
2
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body does not make or properly
use insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other
food into energy by moving glucose from blood into the cells ( American Diabetes Association, 2005).
People with diabetes have increased blood glucose (sugar) levels for one or
more of the following three reasons: Either
No insulin is being produced,
Insulin production is insufficient, and/or
The body is resistant to the effects of insulin.
As a result, high levels of glucose build up in the blood, and spill into the
urine and out of the body. The body loses its main source of fuel and cells
are deprived of glucose, a needed source of energy. High blood glucose
levels may result in short and long term complications over time ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017).
2
Understanding Diabetes Type 1
Auto immune disorder
Insulin – producing cells destroyed
Daily insulin replacement necessary
Age of onset: usually childhood, young adults
Most prevalent type of diabetes in children and adolescent’s
(CDC,2017)
3
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both (CDC,2017).
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.
Diabetes is a condition where the body fails to utilize the ingested glucose properly. This could be due to lack of the hormone insulin or because the insulin that is available is not working effectively. Diabetes is the fastest growing long term disease that affects millions of people worldwide (CDC,2017). According to the charity Diabetes UK, more than two million people in the UK have the condition and up to 750,000 more are unaware of having the condition. In the United States 25.8 million people or 8.3% of the population have diabetes. Of these, 7.0 million have undiagnosed diabetes. In 2010, about 1.9 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in population over 20 years. It is said that if this trend continues, 1 in 3 Americans would be diabetic by 2050 (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
Type 1 diabetes is a disease of the immune system, which is the body’s system for fighting infection.
In people with type 1 diabetes, the .
The efficacy of supplementation with the novel medical food, Souvenaid, in pa...
Three randomized controlled trials involving 1,011 patients found:
1) Souvenaid supplementation did not significantly improve cognition or functional ability compared to placebo based on meta-analyses.
2) One study found Souvenaid improved verbal recall in patients with very mild Alzheimer's disease.
3) No serious adverse events were reported with Souvenaid supplementation.
Makalah PICO.doc
Pemberian suplemen kalsium dan vitamin D pada ibu hamil dapat mencegah risiko kejadian preeklampsia berdasarkan hasil dua penelitian sistematis. Penelitian pertama menemukan bahwa pemberian dosis rendah kalsium (<1 g/hari) secara konsisten dapat mengurangi risiko preeklampsia. Penelitian kedua menunjukkan bahwa satu penelitian yang melibatkan 400 ibu hamil menemukan bahwa pemberian 1200 IU vitamin D
Evidence the use of probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease
This document summarizes a review of evidence on using probiotics in infants to prevent allergic disease and food hypersensitivity. The review found insufficient evidence that probiotics reduce the risk of allergic disease or food hypersensitivity in infants. While probiotic use was associated with a reduction in infant eczema in some studies, the effect was inconsistent between studies and all studies had substantial losses to follow up, indicating caution is needed in interpreting the results due to methodological limitations. In conclusion, the review found the evidence is currently insufficient to recommend adding probiotics to infant feeds to prevent allergic conditions.
Vit d fortifikasi
This document reviews the rationale for vitamin D food fortification. It finds that vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide due to low dietary intake and sun exposure. While guidelines recommend vitamin D intakes of 10-20 μg per day, most populations fail to meet this. Food fortification is an effective way to improve vitamin D status at a population level. The document outlines vitamin D metabolism, effects, guidelines on status and intake, and the gap between guidelines and actual intake. It reviews the safety of vitamin D and examples of food fortification programs. The conclusion is that food fortification could help close the gap and improve public health in a cost-effective way.
3002.pdf
Breastfeeding during pregnancy does not increase the risk of miscarriage or preterm birth according to a case-control study. The study compared 215 pregnant women who breastfed during pregnancy to 280 pregnant women who did not breastfeed. The frequency of miscarriage was significantly lower in those who breastfed, but there was no significant difference in rates of preterm birth or birth weight between the groups. The study concludes that breastfeeding during pregnancy does not pose additional risks for miscarriage, preterm birth, or neonatal birth weight.
Journal club vitamin D deficency
This study investigated calcium and vitamin D intake in healthy children. 184 children with intake below recommendations were randomly assigned to receive dietary counseling plus calcium/vitamin D supplements (Group 1) or counseling alone (Group 2). After 4 months, Group 1 showed improved intake of both nutrients and optimal vitamin D levels, while Group 2 only improved calcium intake and had lower vitamin D levels. The study concludes that counseling alone is not sufficient to achieve adequate vitamin D intake.
Leche y cancer
This meta-analysis examined the relationship between dairy consumption and gastric cancer risk based on 5 cohort studies and 29 case-control studies. The results found an overall increased risk of gastric cancer associated with dairy consumption, with an odds ratio of 1.20. Subgroup analyses found increased risks for population-based case-control studies and hospital-based studies as well. Risk estimates varied by geographical region and exposure period, with stronger associations found for more recent dairy consumption. There was significant heterogeneity across the studies.
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions
Food allergy has been long recognized and well documented. Other adverse reactions to foods first referred to as “toxic idiopathies” by John Freeman, co inventor of immunotherapy, at the early part of the 1900s can be mediated by and have their impact on the nervous and endocrine systems. It can also be mediated by pharmacologic mechanisms and can also affect any part of the body. There’s a great clinical need to accurately identify triggers of adverse reactivity as they have now been linked with even the most serious of modern maladies and diseases. In fact, inflammation is the hallmark of metabolic syndrome. Given the multitude of pathogenic mechanisms underlying adverse reactions to foods and other environmental exposures it is necessary that a utilizable and cost effective technology be understood so that its application be utilized under the appropriate circumstances.
KEY LEARNING POINTS
• The natural ability of certain foods to initiate an inflammatory response and induce metabolic disruptions and counterbalancing mechanisms to prevent that
• How foods can trigger “danger signals” for the immune system
Pharmacologic vs. immunologic reactions to foods
• Is there a common final pathway of all these mechanisms that can reliably indicate triggers of clinical pathology?
• Cellular testing vs. serologic testing: The advantages of cellular testing
Similar to 摄入维生素D和1型糖尿病的风险：对观察性研究的荟萃分析。 (20)
Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis - An Annotated Biography
Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis - An Annotated Biography
Relationship between low maternal serumvitamin d levels and gestational diabe...
Relationship between low maternal serumvitamin d levels and gestational diabe...
Running head CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 1 Congenital Anoma.docx
Running head CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 1 Congenital Anoma.docx
Hiv, Infant Feeding, And Maternal And Child Health
Hiv, Infant Feeding, And Maternal And Child Health
RESEARCH ARTICLEAssociation between 25(OH)D Level,Ultrav.docx
RESEARCH ARTICLEAssociation between 25(OH)D Level,Ultrav.docx
Diabetes Type 1 Sara MartinezChamberlain College of Nursing.docx
Diabetes Type 1 Sara MartinezChamberlain College of Nursing.docx
The efficacy of supplementation with the novel medical food, Souvenaid, in pa...
The efficacy of supplementation with the novel medical food, Souvenaid, in pa...
Evidence the use of probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease
Evidence the use of probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions
More from Dana Abbey
アフリカの妊娠糖尿病：システマティックレビュー。
要旨 背景： 妊娠糖尿病（GDM）は、その程度にかかわらず、妊娠中に最初に認められた耐糖 能障害である。 GDMを発症した大半の女性は、出産後に正常な糖代謝に戻る。しかし、その女性 はその子孫とともに2型糖尿病を発症するリスクがある。 国内のGDM有病率がわかれば、GDMのスクリーニングと管理に関する政策ガイド ラインの策定に役立つ他、調査が必要な地域を浮き彫りにすることができる。 このシステマティックレビューでは、アフリカにおけるGDM有病率を評価する。
糖尿病の成人患者におけるレニン・アンジオテンシン系阻 害薬の心臓血管および腎臓転帰：ネットワークメタアナリ シスによるシステマティックレビュー。
要旨 背景： レニン・アンギオテンシン系（RAS）を阻害することを目的とした医薬品は、糖 尿病患者の心臓血管および腎臓の合併症を予防するために広範に使用されてきた が、臨床効果を比較するデータは限られている。 私たちは糖尿病の成人患者の心臓血管および腎臓転帰に対する各種RAS阻害薬の 効果を比較することを目指した。
代谢综合征和新陈代谢健康型肥胖症在欧洲的患病率：十个 队列研究的协同分析
摘要 背景： 并非所有肥胖受试者都有不利的代谢特征，使其容易发展为2型糖尿病或心血 管疾病。BioSHaRE-EU健康肥胖项目旨在通过在几个大型队列研究中取得的关 于风险因素和表型的数据，了解（健康型）肥胖症的后果。本研究的目的是通 过10个参与研究得出肥胖症、代谢综合征（MetS）和新陈代谢健康型肥胖症
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非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）及其与胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常、 动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的关系
摘要 非酒精性脂肪性肝病是由于酒精滥用以外的其他原因引起的肝脂肪积累。多项研 究已经证明，NAFLD与胰岛素抵抗有关，导致在含有较多游离脂肪酸（FFA）的 脂肪组织中胰岛素抗脂解能力的降低。FFAs的增加还诱导了线粒体的功能障碍及 脂毒性的形成。此外，在具有NAFLD的受试者中，异位脂肪也沉积为心脏和胰腺 脂肪。在本次综述中，我们分析了NAFLD与代谢综合征和血脂异常相关的机制及 其与心血管疾病形成和发展的关系。
妊娠糖尿病在非洲：系统综述。
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背景：
旨在抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)的药物已被广泛用于防止糖尿病患者的心血管和肾脏并发症，但是比较其临床效果的数据十分有限。我们的目的是比较各类RAS阻滞剂针对成人糖尿病患者心血管和肾脏预后结果所带来的效果。
Stéatose hépatique non alcoolique (SHNA) et son lien avec la résistance à l'i...
Résumé
La stéatose hépatique non alcoolique est marquée par une accumulation de
graisse hépatique qui n'est pas due à l'abus d'alcool. Plusieurs études ont démontré que la SHNA est associée à une résistance à l'insuline qui mène à une résistance à l'effet antilipolytique de l'insuline dans le tissu adipeux et à une augmentation des acides gras libres (AGL). L'augmentation des AGL provoque un dysfonctionnement mitochondrial et un développement de la lipotoxicité. De plus, chez les sujets atteints de SHNA, la graisse ectopique s'accumule également comme graisse autour du cœur et du pancréas. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé les mécanismes qui mettent en relation la SHNA avec
le syndrome métabolique et la dyslipidémie, et son association avec le développement et la progression de la maladie cardiovasculaire.
La prévalence du syndrome métabolique et l'obésité métaboliquement saine en E...
CONTEXTE :
Tous les sujets obèses n'ont pas un profil métabolique à risques qui les prédispose à développer un diabète de type 2 ou une maladie
cardiovasculaire. Le projet BioSHaRE-EU Healthy Obese Project cherche à
obtenir des informations sur les conséquences de l'obésité (saine) en utilisant des données sur les facteurs de risque et les phénotypes dans plusieurs études de cohortes à grande échelle. L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire
la prévalence de l'obésité, du syndrome métabolique (METS) et de l'obésité métaboliquement saine (MHO) dans dix études participantes.
Le diabète sucré gestationnel en Afrique : une étude systématique.
CONTEXTE :
Le diabète sucré gestationnel (DSG) correspond à tout degré d'intolérance au glucose identifié pour la première fois pendant la grossesse. La plupart des femmes atteintes de DSG retrouvent un métabolisme du glucose normal après l'accouchement ; cependant, elles courent le risque de développer un diabète de type 2 plus tard, tout comme leur progéniture. La détermination de la prévalence du DSG d'un pays peut aider à déterminer des lignes directrices pour le dépistage et la gestion du DSG et peut identifier les domaines dans lesquels des recherches sont
nécessaires. Cette étude systématique évalue la prévalence du DSG en Afrique.
Conséquences cardiovasculaires et rénales du blocage du système rénine-angiot...
CONTEXTE :
Les médicaments visant à inhiber le système rénine-angiotensine (SRA) ont beaucoup été utilisés pour prévenir les complications cardiovasculaires et rénales chez les patients atteints de diabète, mais les données qui comparent leur efficacité clinique sont limitées. Nous avons cherché à comparer les effets des classes d'inhibiteurs du SRA sur les fonctions cardiovasculaires et rénales
d'adultes atteints de diabète.
.ﻲﺟﮭﻧﻣ ضارﻌﺗﺳا :ﺎﯾﻘﯾرﻓأ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻣﺣﻟا يرﻛﺳﻟا ءاد
:ﺔﻣﺎﻋ تﺎﻣوﻠﻌﻣ
.لﻣﺣﻟا ةرﺗﻓ لﻼﺧ ةرﻣ لوﻷ ﮫﯾﻠﻋ فرﻌﺗﻟا مﺗﯾ زوﻛوﻠﺟﻟا لﻣﺣﺗ لﻼﺗﺧﻻ ﺔﺟرد يأ وھ (GDM) ﻲﻠﻣﺣﻟا يرﻛﺳﻟا ءاد ﻰﻠﻋو ؛مﮭﻟﺎﻔطأ ةدﻻو دﻌﺑ يدﺎﻌﻟا زوﻛوﻠﺟﻟا بﻼﻘﺗﺳا ﻰﻟإ (GDM) ﻲﻠﻣﺣﻟا يرﻛﺳﻟا ءادﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻣﻟا ءﺎﺳﻧﻟا مظﻌﻣ دوﻌﯾ
.مﮭﺗﯾرذ كﻟذﻛو مﮭﺗﺎﯾﺣ نﻣ قﺣﻻ تﻗو ﻲﻓ 2 عوﻧﻟا نﻣ يرﻛﺳﻟا ءادﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹا رطﺧﻟ نوﺿرﻌﻣ مﮭﻧﺈﻓ ،كﻟذ نﻣ مﻏرﻟا تﺎﺳﺎﯾﺳﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺗﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﮭﯾﺟوﺗﻟا ئدﺎﺑﻣﻟا ﻊﻣ دﻠﺑﻟا ﻲﻓ (GDM) ﻲﻠﻣﺣﻟا يرﻛﺳﻟا ءاد رﺎﺷﺗﻧا لدﻌﻣ دﯾدﺣﺗ دﻋﺎﺳﯾ نأ نﻛﻣﯾو
.ثﺣﺑﻟا بﻠطﺗﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا تﻻﺎﺟﻣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ءوﺿﻟا طﻠﺳﯾ نأ نﻛﻣﯾو ، (GDM)ﻲﻠﻣﺣﻟا يرﻛﺳﻟا ءاد ةرادإو صﺣﻔﺑ قﻠﻌﺗﯾ ﺎﻣﯾﻓ
.ﺎﯾﻘﯾرﻓأ ﻲﻓ (GDM) ﻲﻠﻣﺣﻟا يرﻛﺳﻟا ءاد رﺎﺷﺗﻧا مﯾﯾﻘﺗﺑ ﻲﺟﮭﻧﻣﻟا ضارﻌﺗﺳﻻا اذھ موﻘﯾو
ﻲﻓ نﯾﺳﻧﺗوﯾﺟﻧأ-نﯾﻧﯾر مﺎظﻧ رﺎﺻﺣﻟ ﻰﻠﻛﻟاو ﺔﯾوﻣدﻟا ﺔﯾﻋوﻷاو بﻠﻘﻟا لﺋﺎﺻﺣ ﺔﻛﺑﺷﺑ ﻲﺟﮭ...
:ﺔﻣﺎﻋ تﺎﻣوﻠﻌﻣ
بﻠﻘﻟا تﺎﻔﻋﺎﺿﻣ ﻊﻧﻣﻟ ﻊﺳاو قﺎطﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ (RAS) نﯾﺳﻧﺗوﯾﺟﻧأ-نﯾﻧﯾر مﺎظﻧ طﯾﺑﺛﺗ ﻰﻟإ فدﮭﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾودﻷا تﻣدﺧﺗﺳا دﻗ نرﺎﻘﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﯾﺑﻟا نﻛﻟو ،يرﻛﺳﻟا ضرﻣ نﻣ نوﻧﺎﻌﯾ نﯾذﻟا ﻰﺿرﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾوﻠﻛﻟا تﺎﻔﻋﺎﺿﻣﻟاو ﺔﯾوﻣدﻟا ﺔﯾﻋوﻷاو لﺋﺎﺻﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ (RAS) نﯾﺳﻧﺗوﯾﺟﻧأ-نﯾﻧﯾر مﺎظﻧ تارﺻﺎﺣ تﺎﺋﻓ رﺎﺛآ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣ ﻰﻟإ فدﮭﻧو .ةدودﺣﻣ ﺔﯾرﯾرﺳﻟا ﺎﮭﺗﯾﻟﺎﻌﻓ
.يرﻛﺳﻟا ضرﻣ نﻣ نوﻧﺎﻌﯾ نﯾذﻟا نﯾﻐﻟﺎﺑﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﻛﻟاو ﺔﯾوﻣدﻟا ﺔﯾﻋوﻷاو بﻠﻘﻟا
:ﺎﺑوروأ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﺿﯾﻷا ﺔﯾﺣﺎﻧﻟا نﻣ ﺔﯾﺣﺻﻟا ﺔﻧﻣﺳﻟاو ﻲﺋاذﻐﻟا لﯾﺛﻣﺗﻟا ﺔﻣز...
صﺧﻠﻣ
:ﺔﻣﺎﻋ تﺎﻣوﻠﻌﻣ
ﺔﺿرﻋ مﮭﻠﻌﺟﺗ ﺔﯾﺑﻠﺳ ﺔﯾﺿﯾأ ﺔﻐﯾﺻ مﮭﯾدﻟ ﺔطرﻔﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﻣﺳﻟا نﻣ نوﻧﺎﻌﯾ نﯾذﻟا صﺎﺧﺷﻷا لﻛ سﯾﻟ BioSHaRE-فدﮭﯾ .ﺔﯾوﻣدﻟا ﺔﯾﻋوﻷاو بﻠﻘﻟا ضارﻣأ وأ 2 عوﻧﻟا نﻣ يرﻛﺳﻟا ضرﻣﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ
لﻣاوﻋ نﻋ تﺎﻧﺎﯾﺑ مادﺧﺗﺳﺎﺑ (ﺔﯾﺣﺻﻟا) ﺔﻧﻣﺳﻟا بﻗاوﻌﺑ مﺎﻣﻟﻹا ﻰﻟإ ﺔطرﻔﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﻣﺳﻠﻟ ﻲﺣﺻﻟا عورﺷﻣﻟاEU وھ ﺔﺳاردﻟا هذھ نﻣ فدﮭﻟا نﺎﻛو .قﺎطﻧﻟا ﺔﻌﺳاو ﺔﯾﺑارﺗﻷا تﺎﺳاردﻟا نﻣ دﯾدﻌﻟا رﺑﻋ ﺔﯾرھﺎظﻟا طﺎﻣﻧﻷاو رطﺧﻟا ﻲﻓ (MHO) ﺔﯾﺿﯾﻷا ﺔﯾﺣﺎﻧﻟا نﻣ ﺔﯾﺣﺻﻟا ﺔﻧﻣﺳﻟاو (MetS) ﻲﺋاذﻐﻟا لﯾﺛﻣﺗﻟا ﺔﻣزﻼﺗﻣو ﺔﻧﻣﺳﻟا رﺎﺷﺗﻧا فﺻو
.ﺔﻛرﺎﺷﻣ تﺎﺳارد رﺷﻋ
ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﻣﺑ ﮫﺗﻠﺻو (NAFLD) لوﺣﻛﻟا ﻲﻓ طارﻓﻹا نﻋ مﺟﺎﻧﻟا رﯾﻏ ﻲﻧھدﻟا دﺑﻛﻟا ضرﻣ بﻠﻘﻟا ض...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular and liver damage. It is diagnosed through identification of risk factors including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The disease is linked to mechanisms like insulin resistance affecting lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways, which can also impact the risk of heart disease and vascular damage over time.
تناول فيتامين د وخطر داء السكري من النمط الأول: تحليل بعدي للدراسات الرصدية.
ملخص
كان من المفترض أن فيتامين د له آثار وقائية ضد مرض السكري من النمط الأول، إلا أن نتائج الدراسات الرصدية كانت غير متناسقة، ونحن نهدف إلى دراسة العلاقات بينهما عبر إجراء تحليل بعدي للدراسات الرصدية، فبحثنا في قواعد بيانات متعددة في يونيو 2013 لتحديد الدراسات ذات الصلة بما في ذلك دراسات الأحوال والشواهد ودراسات الأتراب، واستخدمنا كلًا من نماذج التأثيرات الثابتة أو العشوائية لحساب تقدير المخاطر المجمعة، فحددنا ثماني دراسات (ستة من دراسات الأحوال والشواهد واثنتين من دراسات الأتراب) بخصوص تناول فيتامين د في الحياة المبكرة وثلاث دراسات (واحدة من دراسات الأحوال والشواهد واثنتين من دراسات الأتراب) بخصوص تناول فيتامين د للأم أثناء الحمل، وكانت نسبة الاحتمالات المجمعة لداء السكري من النمط الأول بالمقارنة بين تناول فيتامين د وعدم تناوله في الحياة المبكرة 0.71 (مجال الثقة 95٪، 0.51-0.98)، وقد لوحظت نتائج مماثلة في تحليل المجموعة الفرعية لدراسة الأحوال والشواهد وليس في تحليل المجموعة الفرعية لدراسة الأتراب، وكانت نسبة الاحتمالات المجمعة لتناول الأمهات لفيتامين د أثناء الحمل 0.95 (مجال الثقة 95٪، 0.66-1.36). والنتيجة التي توصلنا إليها هي احتمال وجود علاقة بين تناول فيتامين د في الحياة المبكرة وبين انخفاض خطر الإصابة بداء السكري من النمط الأول، إلا أننا لم نصل لأدلة كافية تثبت وجود علاقة بين تناول الأمهات لفيتامين د وخطر داء السكري من النمط الأول لدى الأبناء.
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