Cyber crime refers to criminal acts involving computers and the internet. The first recorded cyber crime took place in 1820 in France when employees sabotaged a machine that automated textile manufacturing out of fear it would threaten their jobs. Today, cyber crimes are increasingly common and include hacking, financial scams, and spreading computer viruses. While countries have laws against cyber crimes, law enforcement still struggles to deal with the issue due to the evolving nature of technology. Prevention methods include using antivirus software, firewalls, and practicing safe online behavior.
Cybercrime is nothing new. What is different now is the intimacy, reach and size of those attacks. There are hundreds of billions in losses each year. This unsettling state of affairs has created a binary world with really only two kinds of companies: those that have been hacked and admit it, and those that have been hacked and don't admit it or don’t know it yet. Worse yet, for the vast majority of individuals, very few of us have been untouched whether we know it or not.
In NTT i³’s book “CyberCrime: Radically Rethinking the Global Threat,” Rich Boyer, Chief Architect for Security and Dr. Kenji Takahashi, VP Product Management for Security examine the current arms race between cybercriminals and their diverse and agile toolkits and the radically new approaches to cybersecurity that the enterprise must adopt to compete and win.
Cybercrime is nothing new. What is different now is the intimacy, reach and size of those attacks. There are hundreds of billions in losses each year. This unsettling state of affairs has created a binary world with really only two kinds of companies: those that have been hacked and admit it, and those that have been hacked and don't admit it or don’t know it yet. Worse yet, for the vast majority of individuals, very few of us have been untouched whether we know it or not.
In NTT i³’s book “CyberCrime: Radically Rethinking the Global Threat,” Rich Boyer, Chief Architect for Security and Dr. Kenji Takahashi, VP Product Management for Security examine the current arms race between cybercriminals and their diverse and agile toolkits and the radically new approaches to cybersecurity that the enterprise must adopt to compete and win.
Computer crime, or cybercrime, is a crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target.
This paper deals with a newly arises different crime over social network. There is a lot of identity theft, theft of personal data, public defamation, cyber stalking and other criminal activities on social network sites. This paper will explorer social networks vulnerabilities, crime and present law for prevention of different crime over social network.
Computer crime, or cybercrime, is a crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target.
This paper deals with a newly arises different crime over social network. There is a lot of identity theft, theft of personal data, public defamation, cyber stalking and other criminal activities on social network sites. This paper will explorer social networks vulnerabilities, crime and present law for prevention of different crime over social network.
Crime Analytics: Analysis of crimes through news paper articlesChamath Sajeewa
Crime analysis is one of the most important
activities of the majority of the intelligent and law enforcement
organizations all over the world. Generally they collect domestic
and foreign crime related data (intelligence) to prevent future
attacks and utilize a limited number of law enforcement
resources in an optimum manner. A major challenge faced by
most of the law enforcement and intelligence organizations is
efficiently and accurately analyzing the growing volumes of crime
related data. The vast geographical diversity and the complexity
of crime patterns have made the analyzing and recording of
crime data more difficult. Data mining is a powerful tool that can
be used effectively for analyzing large databases and deriving
important analytical results. This paper presents an intelligent
crime analysis system which is designed to overcome the above
mentioned problems. The proposed system is a web-based system
which comprises of crime analysis techniques such as hotspot
detection, crime comparison and crime pattern visualization. The
proposed system consists of a rich and simplified environment
that can be used effectively for processes of crime analysis.
[Exposicion] Computer and Internet CrimeGerman Teran
Society is turning digital and so its crimes. Internet is not only a great tool for research, it is also a perfect place for criminal... how to apply law in those cases?
Create another jurisdiction?
Cyberwar, cyberwarfare are on everyone's lips but mean nothing as they are least understood and still need to be defined! Yet we have everyone who means something - standing on the rooftops and rattling their swords. The question is = is India ready - this is explored in the presentation. Indian institutions, cyber practices and the way ahead.
Governance in Cybercrime and Cybersecurity orgns - final distribution Organiz...Dinesh O Bareja
Cybersecurity and cybercrime organizations must be created with great planning but that is not happening anywhere. In India we have a plethora of organizations sprouting up in every domain and we all know too many cooks spoil the broth. I make a case for governance at the national and state level and make the case for having a planned structure that will ensure good security, good response and offense too, if needed.
It provides knowledge of different CyberCrime issues.Different issues related to CyberCrime. It helps to know about cybercriminal. This helps the user to know about cybercrime.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
2. What is Cyber crime ?
Cyber crime is a crime committed over the Internet.
It could be against the government, property and
against any person in various forms.
The law enforcement agencies are facing difficulties
in dealing with cyber crime.
In India, Information Technology Act, 2000 is the
legislation that deals with issue related to cyber crime.
3. HISTORY
The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year
1820 in FRANCE
Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in
France, produced the loom
This device allowed the repetition of a series of steps
in the weaving of special fabrics.
This resulted in a fear amongst employees that their
tradiotional employment was being threatened
They committed acts of sabotage(Destruction of
property or obstruction of normal operations, as by
civilians or enemy agents in time of war.) to
discourge further use of the new technology
4.
5. Introduction
Advancements in modern technology have
helped countries develop and expand their
communication networks, enabling faster
and easier networking and information
exchange.
Currently, there are nearly 2 billion internet
users and over 5 billion mobile phone
connections worldwide.
Every day, 294 billion emails and 5 billion
phone messages are exchanged.
6. As businesses and societies in general
increasingly rely on computers and internet-based
networking, cyber crime and digital
attack incidents have increased around the
world.
These attacks — generally classified as any
crime that involves the use of a computer
network — include financial scams,
computer hacking, downloading
pornographic images from the internet, virus
attacks, e-mail stalking and creating
websites that promote racial hatred.
7. The first major instance of cyber crime was
reported in 2000, when a mass-mailed
computer virus affected nearly 45 million
computer users worldwide
In 2011, at least 2.3 billion people, the
equivalent of more than one third of the
world’s total population, had access to the
internet
Over 60 per cent of all internet users are in
developing countries, with 45 per cent of all
internet users below the age of 25 years.
8. In the hyperconnected world of tomorrow, it
will become hard to imagine a ‘computer
crime’, and perhaps any crime, that does not
involve electronic evidence linked with
internet protocol (IP) connectivity.
In 2009, the cost of information lost to cyber
crime nearly doubled, from US$265 million in
2008 to US$560 million
9. CYBER CRIMINALS
Kids (age group 9-16 )
Organized hacktivists
Disgruntled employees
Professional hackers (corporate
espionage)
10. TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
Financial crimes- cheating, credit card
frauds , money laundering forgery etc .
Sale of illegal articles:
Online gambling
Intellectual Property crimes
Theft of information contained in
electronic form
E-mail bombing
13. E-mail spoofing
The sender address and other parts of the
e-mail header are altered
Form , Return-Path and Reply to fields
Although the e-mail appears to come from
the address indicated in the Form field it
actually comes from another source
Prevention
i. Antivirus
ii. Use cryptographic signatures
15. Salami Attack
A series of minor attacks that togrther
results in a larger attack
Used for financial crimes in which criminals
steal money or resources a bit at a time
from a system
Preventation
i. Find indications of an attack
ii. Random audits
iii. Don’t ignor what appears to be errors in
computer-based financial systems
16. Data Diddling
o Changing of data before or during entry
into the computer system
o Forging or counterfeiting documents
used for data entry
o Exchanging valid disks and tapes with
modified replacements
o Prevention
i. Regular audits
ii. Supervising employees
17. Cyber crime – a growing
challenge for governments
o In a digital age, where online communication
has become the norm, internet users and
governments face increased risks of becoming
the targets of cyber attacks. As cyber criminals
continue to develop and advance their
techniques, they are also shifting their targets
— focusing less on theft of financial
information and more on business espionage
and accessing government information. To
fight fast-spreading cyber crime, governments
must collaborate globally to develop an
effective model that will control the threat.
18.
19. Cost of cyber crime in india
29.9 million people felt victim to cyber
crime
$4 billion in direct financial losses,
$3.6 billion in time spent resolving the
crime,
4 in 5 online adults (80%) have been a
victim of cybercrime
17% of adults online have experienced
cybercrime on their mobile phones.
20. LAW ENFORCEMENT
Section 66: Hacking
Destruction, deletion, alteration, diminishing
value or utility or injuriously affecting
informaion residing in a computer resource
Punishment
Imprisonment up to three years, and fine up
to 2 lac
Section 70: Protected System
Securing unauthorised access or attempting
to secure unauthorised access to protected
system
Punishment
Imprisonment up to 10 years and fine
21. Sec 67: Pronography
Publishing or transmitting or causing to be
published in the electronic form
Obscene material
Punishment
On first conviction
Imprisonment of either description up to five
years and fine up to 1 lac rupees
On subesquent conviction
Imprisonment of either description up to 10
years and fine up to 2 lac rupees
22. Sending threatening messages by e-mail Sec 503 IPC
Sending offensive messages by e-mail Sec 499, 500 IPC
Forgery of electronic records Sec 463, 470, 471 IPC
Bogus websites,cyber frauds Sec 420 IPC
Email spoofing Sec 416, 417, 463 IPC
Online sale of drugs NDPS Act
Web-Jacking Sec 383 IPC
Online sale of arms Arms Act
23. Dispute Resolution in Cyberspace
Indian Laws
i. Information Technology Act, 2000
ii. Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008
iii. Cyber crime investigation cell
iv. Communications convergence Bill, 2001
v. Cyber security forum-Joint collaboration between
India and U.S.
i. E-Governance and E-Policy
ii. Punishments
International initiatives
i. Arbitration and Mediation- Conventions
ii. World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
iii. Council of Europe Convention on cyber crime
iv. Cyber Tribunals
24. Prevention
Never disclose your personal
information publicly on websites. This is
as good as disclosing your identity to
strangers in public place
Always avoid sending any photograph
online particularly to strangers and chat
friends as there have been incidents of
misuse of the photographs
25. Never enter your credit card number to any
site that is not secured, to prevent its misuse
Always keep a watch on the sites that your
children are accessing to prevent any kind of
harassment or depravation in children
Always use latest and updated Antivirus
software to guard against virus attacks
To prevent loss of data due to virus attacks,
always keep back up of your data.
It is advisable to use a security program that
gives control over the cookies and send
information back to the site, as leaving the
cookies unguarded might prove fatal
26. Use of firewalls proves beneficial
Website owners should watch traffic and
check any irregularity on the site. Putting
host-based intrusion detection devices on
servers will serve the purpose
27. Solution
An important question arises that how can
these crimes be prevented
A number of techniques & solution have been
presented but the problem still exists & are
increasing day by day
Antivirus & Anti Spyware Software:
Antivirus software consists of computer
programs that attempt to identify, thwart &
eliminate computer viruses & other malicious
software. Anti spy wares are used to restrict
backdoor program, trojans & other spy wares
to be installed on the computer
28. Firewalls:
A firewall protect a computer network form
unauthorized access. Network firewalls may
be hardware devices, software programs, or
a combination of the two. A network firewall
typically guards an internal computer
network against malicious access from
outside the network
Cyber security must be pursued with the
same intensity as efforts to eradicate global
poverty or tackle climate change
29. CONCLUSION….
Indian laws are well drafted & are capable of
handling all kinds of challenges as posed by
cyber criminals. However, the enforcement
agencies are required to be well versed with
the changing technologies & laws
As internet technology advances so does the
threat of cyber crime. In times like these we
must protect ourselves from cyber crime. Anti-virus
software, firewalls & security patches are
just the beginning. Never open suspicious e-mails
& only navigate to trusted sites.