2. • Content-
• Introduction
• Health based interventions : including immunization.
• Provision of safe drinking water/ sanitation ,prevention and
management Of diarrheal disease.
3. Introduction
• Efforts of health improvement made for the child in the womb until
the first five years of life are intended to maintain their survival and
improve their quality of life in order to achieve optimal growth and
development, physically, mentally, emotionally and socially.
• Strategies to overcome nutritional problem of children under five
include;
1) Revitalizing the function of Posyandu (A abbreviation of POS Pelayan Terpadu/
HEALTH AND NUTRITION INTEGRATED SERVICE CENTER) increasing
community and family participation In monitoring the growth and development of
children early recognizing and overcoming Infants with impaired growth through
posyandu revitalization.
4. 2. Improving the ability of personnel in the management of malnutrition
to support the function of posyandu managed by the community
through revitalization of Community health center.
3. Directly tackling nutritional problems in vulnerable groups through
nutritional intervention such as capsules of vitamin A ,
complementary foods and supplementary foods.
5. • Health based intervention including
immunization, provision of safe Drinking water,
prevention and management of Diarrheal
disease.
• Immunization
• Immunization is the one of the most cost effective public health
intervention and largely responsible for the reduction of under -
5mortality rate, immunization is a process that increase an
organism reaction to antigen and therefore, improve its ability to
resist Or overcome infection.
• According To world Health Organization (WHO) /UNICEF
estimate, DTP3 coverage in the South East Asia and Africa region
of WHO for 2010 remainded relatively low at 77%, in India, the
coverage was even lower at 61%.
6. Importance of immunization
1. Cost effective method of preventing infection.
2. Most effective strategies to reduce morbidity from
vaccine preventable disease.
3. Reducing mortality from preventable disease.
4. It develop active immunity which is long lasting.
7. Some common vaccines
• The disease which are prevented by immunization are know as vaccines
preventable disease. Most common disease which are prevented by
immunization are Tetanus, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, measles and
child tb
• Tetanus tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by the bacillus clostridium
Tetani. The organism is generally found in animal faeces. The disease is
common in the age groups of 5-40years as this age group is predisposed to
all kinds of injury and the risk of acquiring tetanus is higher.
• Poliomyelitis poliomyelitis is an acute Communicable disease caused by a
virus. The most vulnerable age between 6months and 3years .
• Diptheria Diphtheria is an infection of the throat, nose, larynx and is
causing by bacteria.
• Pertussis pertussis is caused by the microorganisms pertussis bacillus. It is
primarly a disease of infant and children.
8. Provision of safe drinking water/sanitation:Rajiv
Gandhi national Drinking water mission
• Introduction The first national water supply and sanitation program, introduced during 1951-
56.The entire program was given a mission approach and was named “Technology mission on
Drinking water”, launched in 1986,also called the National Drinking water Mission NDWM.
• Department of drinking water and sanitation has identified five strategies to address the
challenges in the sector and achieve its goals, namely
1. Enable participate planning and implement of scheme and sources sustainability
• Participatory integrated water Resource Management at village, district and state level including
conjunctive use of rainwater, groundwater and surface water and provision of bulk water supply
as needed.
• Water security planning and implementation by ensure cost effective, optimal scheme design to
reduce requirements
• Water source sustainability measures including sustainability plans implemented at block,
watershed and village level including water harvesting and groundwater recharge measure.
9. Prevention and management of diarrheal
disease
• Diarrhea is most common in children, especially those between
6months and 2 years of age. It also common in babies under the age
of 6months who are drinking cow’s milk or infant feeding formulas.
• Dehydration can usually be prevented in the home if the child drinks
extra fluid as soon as the diarrhea start. A child should be given one
of the fluid recommended locally for home treatment of diarrhea.
• These include;oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution, food bases fluid
(such as soup, rice, water, and yoghurt drinks) and plain water. ORS
solution or water should be given rather than a food bases fluid.
10. Food Based Interventions including food
fortification, Dietary Diversification, supplementary
feeding.
1. Food fortification According to codex Alimentarius, fortification is
the addition of one or more essential nutrients to a food, whether
or not it is normally contained in the food, for the purpose of
prevention or correcting a demonstrate deficiency of one or more
nutrients in the population or specific population groups.
• It is the cheapest, most efficient and effective way to reach large
population with essential nutrients.
• It is one of the best food based approach for solving the nutritional
problem in developing countries.
• Does not require to regulate individual compliance.
11. Dietary Diversification
• Dietary changes or modifications, as a food baes approach, to
improve nutritional status is important. With respect to improve
vitamin A status or iron status, evidence suggests that dietary
modifications is the most cost effective measure. Green leafy
vegetables are the predominant sources of micronutrients for all,
particularly for the poor people,. In India for ex.the prevailing vit A
malnutrition reflect the inadequate intake of these beta carotene rich
foods. Efforts in combating vitA deficiency must therefore, to be
logically directed towards augmenting the availability and intake of
these relatively inexpensive foods.
12. Supplementation
• Supplementation is the term used to define the provision of relatively
large dosea of micronutrients in the form of pills, capsule pr syrups. It
has the advantage of being capable of Supplying an optimal amount
of a specific nutrients, in highly absorbable form, and is often the
fastest way to control deficiency in individual or population group
that have been identified as being deficient. In Developing countries,
supplement programme have been widely used to provide iron and
folic acid to pregnant women, and vitamin A to infant , children under
5 years of age.
13. Supplementary feeding
• Supplementary feeding, is the food provide to pregnant, lactating
women and children, adolescent to fill the gap between the average
calories intake and national recommend dietary allowances. It
addresses the problem of food and nutrition security in the
vulnerable populations and provide extra calories and nutrients for
growth and development atvthe critical stages of life cycle.
