This document discusses the design of flywheels for storing rotational energy. Flywheels smooth out fluctuations in shaft speed caused by torque variations and provide continuous energy. The key design parameters are the degree of energy required and the flywheel's moment of inertia. The design process involves determining the acceptable speed fluctuation and calculating the required kinetic energy. Common geometries are solid disks or hollow wheels with multiple arms. Modern flywheels use high-strength composite materials and can rotate at speeds over 100,000 rpm to achieve high power densities. Flywheels are beneficial for aerospace applications due to their high energy density, low mass, long life, and peak load capability.

1. DESIGN OF FLY WHEEL
An Alternate way to store Energy

2. What is Flywheel?
• A rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational
energy.
• It acts like a reservoir and stores the energy in mechanical form
• It Supply energy when required.
• Releases it when it is more then required.
• Energy is stored by the formula
E = ½ Iω2
• Where “I” is the moment of inertia and it can vary for different shapes of
wheels. For solid disk the “I=Mr2/2”.
• “ω” is the rotational velocity and it is in (rad/sec).

3. Functions and Operation
• Fly wheel smoothen out variations in the speed of a shaft
caused by torque fluctuations if source of driving torque is
fluctuating.
• It is also used to provide continuous energy in system.
• It is also used to supply intermittent pulses of energy at
transfer rates that exceed the abilities of its energy source.

4. How to Design Flywheel?
Design Approach:-
There are two stages for it
• The degree at which energy is required to smoothen and its
moment of inertia.
• The geometry of flywheel.
Design Parameters:-
• It depend upon acceptable changes in the speed.
Speed fluctuation:-
• The change in the shaft speed during a cycle is called the speed
fluctuation and it is given by
Fl =ωmax−ωmin

5. Design of Flywheel
Design Equation:-
IS=
𝑬𝒌
𝑪𝒇
∗ 𝝎𝒂𝒗𝒈
𝟐
where “Cf” is the co-efficient of speed fluctuation and
“Ek”is the kinetic energy and “𝝎avg” is the average rotational
motion.
Torque Variation and Energy:-
The required change in kinetic energy Ek is obtained from the known
torque time relation or curve by integrating it for one cycle and it is given by
𝜃@𝜔𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝜃@𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥
(𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑔)d 𝜃=Ek

6. Geometry of Flywheel
• It can be a solid cylindrical disc.
• It can be like conventional wheel design.
• But energy requirements and size of the flywheel increases the geometry
changes to disc of central hub and peripheral rim connected by webs and
to hollow wheels with multiple arms.

8. Geometry of Flywheel
Stresses in Flywheel:-
• Flywheel being a rotating disc, centrifugal stresses acts upon its
distributed mass and attempts to pull it apart.
• Its effect is similar to those caused by an internally pressurized cylinder.
σ =
γ
𝑔
ω2(
3+𝑣
8
)(ri2 + ro2 −
ri
2
∗ro
2
𝑟2 - 𝑟2)
γ = material weight density.
ω= angular velocity in rad/sec.
ν= Poisson’s ratio, is the radius to a point of interest
ri and ro are inside and outside radii of the solid disc flywheel.

9. Applications
Typical applications for flywheels include;
• Dynamic balancing of rotating elements.
• Energy storage in small scale electricity generator sets.
• Automotive applications such as clutches.

10. Advance and Modern Flywheel
• Advanced flywheels are also now used for protecting against
interruptions to the national electricity grid.
• The flywheel provides power during period between the loss of utility
supplied power and either the return of utility power or the start of a
sufficient back-up power system
• Flywheels have also been proposed as a power booster for
electric vehicles. Speeds of 100,000 rpm have been used to
achieve very high power densities.
• Modern high energy flywheels use composite rotors made with
carbon-fibre materials. The rotors have a very high strength-to-
density ratio, and rotate at speeds up to 100,000 rpm. in a
vacuum chamber to minimize aerodynamic losses.

11. Benefits in Aerospace
Flywheels are preferred over conventional batteries in many
aerospace applications because of the following benefits:
• 5 to 10+ times greater specific energy
• Lower mass / kW output
• Long life. Unaffected by number of charge / discharge cycles
• 85-95% round trip efficiency
• Fewer regulators / controls needed
• Greater peak load capability
• Reduced maintenance / life cycle costs

12. Use of Flywheel in NASA
NASA use the flywheel for deep space propulsion

13. Thank you