1. Caesarean section is a surgical procedure where the fetus, placenta, and membranes are delivered through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus.
2. The incidence of caesarean sections has risen 2-3 times over the last decade due to improved safety, availability of blood transfusions and antibiotics, and increased awareness of fetal well-being.
3. Common indications for caesarean sections include cephalopelvic disproportion, previous uterine scars, fetal distress, malpresentations, and antepartum hemorrhage.
it contains a presentation on injuries that occur during baby birth
summary:
Maternal injuries following childbirth process are quite common.
VULVA
PERINEUM
RISK FACTORS FOR THIRD DEGREE PERINEL TEAR
REPAIR OF COMPLETE PERINEAL TEAR
VAGINA
CERVIX
PELVIC HEMATOMA
DIAGNOSIS OF RUPTURE UTERUS
Abnormal uterine action is the one of the factors causing dystocia in which uterine forces are insuffiently strong or inappropriate coordinated to efface and dilate the cervix. Pelvic contraction is often accompanied by uterine dysfunction and the two together constitute the most common cause of dystocia.
Maternal birth canal injury following child birth process are quite common and significant to maternal morbidity and even to death. Also, a second most frequent cause of PPH.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
it contains a presentation on injuries that occur during baby birth
summary:
Maternal injuries following childbirth process are quite common.
VULVA
PERINEUM
RISK FACTORS FOR THIRD DEGREE PERINEL TEAR
REPAIR OF COMPLETE PERINEAL TEAR
VAGINA
CERVIX
PELVIC HEMATOMA
DIAGNOSIS OF RUPTURE UTERUS
Abnormal uterine action is the one of the factors causing dystocia in which uterine forces are insuffiently strong or inappropriate coordinated to efface and dilate the cervix. Pelvic contraction is often accompanied by uterine dysfunction and the two together constitute the most common cause of dystocia.
Maternal birth canal injury following child birth process are quite common and significant to maternal morbidity and even to death. Also, a second most frequent cause of PPH.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. INTRODUCTION
An operative procedure that is carried out under anesthesia whereby the fetus,
placenta and membranes are delivered through an incision in abdominal wall and the
uterus
Usually carried out after viability has been reached i.e weeks of gestation onwards.
The first operation performed on a women is referred to as a primary caesarean
section.
When operation is performed in subsequent pregnancies,it is called repeat
caesarean section.(C/S)
3. INCIDENCE: The incidence of caesarean is steadily raising.
During the last decade there has been two- three folds rise in the incidence
from the initial rate of about 10%.
Factors responsible are increased safety of operation due to improved
anaesthesia, availability of blood transfusion and antibiotics.
Increased awareness of fetal well being and identification of risk factors
have caused reduction of difficult operation or manipulative vaginal
deliveries.
4. Indication for Caesarean section
1. Absolute:
Vaginal Atresia
Advanced carcinoma of cervix
Cervical or broad of contracted pelvis.
Severe degree of contracted pelvis.
2. Relatives:
Cephalopelvic disproportion
Previous uterine scar
Fetal distress.
Malpresentations
Antepartum haemorrhage
Elderly primigravidae
Chronic hypertension
Diabetes
Pelvis atresia
5. Fetal indication
Fetal distress
Umbilical cord prolapse
Macrosomia
Placental insufficiency
Multiple pregnancy
Contraindication: Dead fetus Baby is too much premature
Presence of blood coagulation disorder
6. Elective caesarean section:
The term elective indicates that the decision to deliver the baby by caesarean has
been made during the pregnancy and before the onset of labour.
It means pre-planning for doing caesarean section.
Indication:
CPD
Placenta previa
Bad obstetric history
7. Emergency caesarean delivery:
When the operation is performed due to unforseen complication arising either during
pregnancy or labour without wasting time following the decision.
Indication:
Cord prolapse
Uterine rupture
Eclampsia
Prolonged first stage of labour
Abnormal uterine contraction
Placenta previa diagnosed in labour.
8. Types of operation: Lower segment caesarean section:
Is lesser muscular than the upper segment of the uterus.
Transverse incision is made in the lower segment this heals faster and
sucessfully than an incision in the upper segment of the uterus.
There is less muscle and more fibrous tissue in lower segment which
reduces the risk of rupture in a subsequent pregnancy.
Also known as “pfannensiel or bikini line incision.”
9. Classical caesarean section
In this baby is extracted through an incision made in upper segment of uterus.
Is rarely performed.
Operation is done only under forced circumstances, such as:
carcinoma of cervix
Big fibroid on lower segment
constriction ring
lower segment is difficult or risky example:placenta previa, adhesion due to previous abdominal
operation.
10. Operation procedure:
The non gravid uterus is a pelvic organ closely covered by a layer of pelvic peritoneum.
As pregnancy advances, the uterus grows up into the abdomen and this peritoneum rises up with the uterus and comes
into contact with the abdominal peritoneum. Each of these layers must be incision and repaired.
The abdominal peritoneum is situated below the abdominal muscles layer.
The anatomical layers are:
Skin
Fat
Rectus sheath
Rectus abdominis
Abdominal peritoneum
pelvic peritoneum
Uterine muscles
11. The operation most commonly carried out is the lower
segment caesarean section.
The lower segment incision is in the less muscular and active part of the uterus
and heals better.
The main reason for preferring the lower uterine segment technique is the
reduced incidence of dehiscent pregnancy.
The abdomen is opened and the loose folds of the peritoneum over the anterior
aspect of the lower uterine segment and above the bladder is incised. The
operator continues so incise this further to visualize the fundus of bladder
which is then pushed down and away from the surgeon.
12. The surgeon direct the fetal head out while the assistant applies fundal
pressure to hip the delivery of the baby.
Oxytocins may be given by the anesthetist after delivery of the baby and
clamping the cord.
When the baby and placental have been delivered the uterus is sutured.
This is usualy done in two layers. The peritoneum then be clased over uterine
wound to exclude it from the peritoneal cavity.
The rectus sheath is closed then the layers of fat and finally the skin is
sutured with the surgeons choice of materials; commonly vicryl a braided
polyglactin preparation is used for this.
13. Complication: Mother:
Postpartum haemorrhage related to uterine atony and rarely blood coagulation
disorders.
Shocks related to blood loss.
Anaesthesia hazards
Sepsis, secondary PPH.
Thrombosis
Lung infection post.
14. Late compilcation: Fetus: Menstrual irregularity Chronic
pelvic pain
Backache
Fetus:
Iatrogenic prematurity.
Respiratory distress syndrome.
Injury to baby due to surgical knife.
Birth asphyxia due to anaesthesia.