Cryogenic application in Medical electronics

1. Cryogenic application

2. Introduction
• The word “cryogenics” is derived from two
Latin words.
• Cryo - means cold Genics - means science.
Cryogenics is “the science of cold”. It suggests
that how to get low temperatures and how
materials behave at the low temperatures
• Cryogenics – the study and use of materials at
extremely low temperatures

3. Introduction
• Cryogenics is the study and use of materials at
extremely low temperatures.
• For example, in the cryogenic temperature
range, air becomes a liquid—or even a solid—
and living tissue freezes instantly.

4. Introduction
• Such low temperatures cause changes in the
physical properties of materials that allow
them to be used in unusual engineering,
industrial, and medical applications
• It includes unusual and unexpected
material property variations appearing at low
temperatures

5. Introduction
• Cryogenics may be considered as the recent
advancement in the field of refrigeration.
• The temperature below –150o
c (123k) are
considered as cryogenic temperature.
• The cryogenic temp are those boiling point
are below –150o
c (123K).

6. Introduction
• The four gases which mainly contribute for
cryogenic application and research are O2, N2,
Helium & H2.
• Cryogenic is a stage where gases of air turns
liquid

7. Introduction
• For example, in the cryogenic temperature
range, air becomes a liquid—or even a solid—
and living tissue freezes instantly
• Cryobiology: Branch of biology involving the
study of the effects of low temperatures
on organisms

8. Introduction
• Cryosurgery: Branch of surgery applying
very low temperatures (down to -196 °C) to
destroy malignant tissue, e.g. cancer cells.
• Cryogenics: The emerging medical
technology of cryopreserving humans and
animals with the intention of future revival.

9. Introduction
• Cryoelectronics : Field of research
regarding super conductivity at low
temperatures.
• Cryotronics: Practical application of cryo-
electronics.

10. Introduction
• In medicine, cryogenic cooling is used in some
diagnostic techniques, such as magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI). Cryosurgery uses
liquid nitrogen to kill unhealthy tissue by
freezing it.
• Cryogenics is expected to play an important
role in the development of better procedures
for preserving human organs for transplant.

11. Cryogenic application in medical
field
• Cryosurgery
• Cell preservation
• Food preservation
• Blood banking : Certain rare blood groups are
stored at low temperatures, such as −165 °C

12. CRYOSURGERY
• Cryosurgery- Use of extreme cold produced by
liquid nitrogen (or argon gas) to destroy
abnormal tissue.
• Used to treat external tumors, such as those on
the skin.
• For internal tumors, liquid nitrogen is circulated
through a hollow instrument called a Cryoprobe.
• Used since many years in the treatment of skin
cancer

13. CRYOSURGERY
• Cooled containers are used to preserve whole
blood, tissue, bone marrow & animal semen
for long periods of time.
• Cryogenic surgery has been used for the
treatment of Parkinson’s disease, eye surgery
• Cryosurgery is also widely used in the fields of
dermatology, gynecology, plastic surgery,
orthopedics, and podiatry.
• Cryosurgery has also been used successfully
for more than 30 years in veterinary medicine.

14. CRYOSURGERY
• Cryosurgery is a novel technique in which the
harmful tissues are destroyed by freezing them
to cryogenic temperature.
• Cryosurgery has shorter hospital stay, less
blood loss, and small recovery time.
• It is generally used in patients with localized
prostate and kidney cancer, skin disorders,
retinal problems, etc.

15. Food preservation
• Transportation of large masses of frozen food.
Food is freeze in war zones, earthquake hit
regions, etc.
• Cryogenic food freezing is also helpful for
large scale food processing industries
• Preserving food at low temperature is a well
known technique.
• Cooling of sea foods, meat (sea export), milk
products for long time preservation is achieved
by use of LN2.

16. Cell preservation
• The term ‘cryopreservation’ (cryogenic
preservation) refers to the storage of cells,
tissues and organs at the ultra-low temperature
of liquid nitrogen (-196°C).
• At this temperature, the vegetative cells enters
in a state of “absolute quiescence”, as all the
physical and biochemical reactions are
practically halted; in this particular condition,
conservation time becomes unlimited.

17. Cell preservation
• Application of cryogenics to the conservation
of plant material, proposed for the first time in
the year 1968 for the maintenance of cell
cultures
• Systems are developed to preserve blood cells,
plasma cells, human organs and animal organs
at cryogenic temperatures.

18. Cell preservation
• Cryopreservation or cryoconservation is a
process where organelles, cells, tissues,
extracellular matrix, organs or any other
biological constructs susceptible to damage
caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are
preserved by cooling to very low temperatures