CROPROTECT June2015

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CROPROTECT is an ambitious new project which plans to revolutionise knowledge exchange for crop protection by making use of 21st century web-based technologies which mean that practical information about crop protection can be shared and exchanged very easily. It is developing and providing a two-way web-based free knowledge exchange resource through which farmers and agronomists can get specific information relevant to their needs. In this presentation Toby Bruce from Rothamsted Research, who is the contact for the project, explains what it aims to achieve and how it will develop. Farmers face a continuous battle against pests, weeds and diseases. To ensure efficient production, pest management solutions are required for crop protection. These challenges have been managed primarily with pesticides for the last few decades but now alternative solutions need to be delivered. Crop protection is getting more difficult, not only because pesticides are being restricted by legislation but also because the remaining ones which are still available are less effective as pests, weeds and diseases evolve resistance to them. Farmers are caught in a difficult situation because of dependency on pesticide. Their crops have been bred in a pesticide treated background and without the pesticides crop losses to pests, weeds and diseases mean that both yield and quality can be seriously compromised. Currently pesticides are being lost at a much faster rate than they are being replaced with alternatives. As well as novel control solutions, farmers need better information about what can be done. Alternative approaches are often more complicated relying on a combination of resistant cultivars, biocontrol, agronomic practices and rationalised, better targeted pesticide use. Information about integrated pest, weed and disease management is scattered in disparate places which are hard for busy farmers to track down for every pest, weed and disease threat they face. The capacity to share information via the internet is tremendous and access is increasingly via mobile devices. These have the potential to reach a wide audience in the farming community, to provide rapid updates and to interact more with the users. In the internet age, availability of information is not the main constraint, there is more of an issue of accessing relevant information. CROPROTECT provides content which is relevant to the users by interacting with them, asking what their priorities are and encouraging feedback. Because electronic documents are living documents and can be adjusted unlike printed documents, there is an opportunity to continuously refine the information provided as the system evolves. The project is funded by the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Innovation Club (SARIC), a joint BBSRC and NERC initiative to support innovative projects that will provide solutions to key challenges affecting the efficiency, productivity and sustainability of the UK crop and livestock s

Science

Slide 1 05/06/2015
Rothamsted Research
where knowledge grows
Rothamsted Research
where knowledge grows
CROPROTECT
web based knowledge
exchange for crop
protection

Slide 2 05/06/2015
http://croprotect.
rothamsted.ac.uk/
112
pioneer
users

Slide 3 05/06/2015
CROPROTECT
is a web-based knowledge exchange system to
provide farmers and agronomists with guidance
on pest, weed and disease management

Slide 4 05/06/2015
Information is needed because crop protection is
becoming more difficult due to pesticide resistance
and restrictions on use

Slide 5 05/06/2015
Information is needed because crop protection is
becoming more difficult due to pesticide resistance
and restrictions on use

Slide 6 05/06/2015
Information is needed because crop protection is
becoming more difficult due to pesticide resistance
and restrictions on use

Slide 8 05/06/2015
EC Directive 2009-128
A framework “Promoting the use of IPM and
of alternative approaches”

Slide 9 05/06/2015
Promoting
IPM and use
of
alternatives
Reducing risks
and impacts of
pesticide use on
human health
and environment
Development of “Alternatives” is urgently
needed
EC Directive 2009-128

Slide 10 05/06/2015
Development of “Alternatives” is urgently
needed

Slide 13 05/06/2015
CROPROTECT
Better access to info about crop
protection

Slide 15 05/06/2015
Ag extension networks
●
●
●● ●
●●●●●●●X 1000 ?
CROPROTECT

Slide 16 05/06/2015
Information sources
Grower input on their local
crop protection challenges
Information delivery
- solutions relevant to the location &
its specific problems
Information processing +
design of IPM systems
Geographic
information system
Include cropping history
Web portal
Which pests, weeds,
diseases are a problem?
Novel combinations of tactics
New solutions as alternatives to
pesticides
Industry and academic
Identify best practices for
pest management
①
②
③
④
⑤
CROPROTECT

Slide 18 05/06/2015
Partners
diseases weeds web

Slide 20 05/06/2015
Pioneer users
We ask users what there
priority pest, weed and
disease targets are

Slide 21 05/06/2015
TARGET MENTIONS
Aphid 35
Slugs 32
Black grass 30
septoria 27
yellow rust 19
cleavers 16
cabbage stem flea beetle 15
light leaf spot 15
fusarium head blight 14
annual meadow grass 13
brome 13
charlock 13
phoma 13
pollen beetle 12
sclerotinia 12
wild oats 12
chocolate spot 11
brown rust 10
dock 10
early blight (alternaria) 10
bruchid beetle 9
chickweed 9
Nematodes 9
net blotch 9
rhynchosporium 9
cranesbill 8
leatherjackets 8
pea & bean weevil 8
powdery mildew 8
barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) 7
broad leaved weeds (generic BLW) 7
crown rust 7
late blight (phytophthora) 7
mayweed 7
orange wheat blossom midge 7
ryegrass 7
thistles 7
turnip yellows virus (TuYV) 7
downy mildew 6

Slide 22 05/06/2015
Rothamsted Research
where knowledge grows
Rothamsted Research
where knowledge grows
Website is live:
http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/

Slide 23 05/06/2015
Pest info http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/pests

Slide 24 05/06/2015
Weed info http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/weeds

Slide 25 05/06/2015
Disease info http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/diseases

Slide 26 05/06/2015
Rothamsted Research
where knowledge grows
Rothamsted Research
where knowledge grows
Website is live:
http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/
Smartphone App will be coming soon

Slide 27 05/06/2015
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Innovation Club (SARIC)

There are a number of hurdles that need to be overcome to get science into practise. Part of this is knowledge exchange but another part is having relevant research to start with. There is a need to bridge the gap between farming research and practice. There are some reasons for optimism, for example, the UK AgriTech Strategy and RCUK increasing focus on impact but there are also causes for concern with the UK science budget being under review. The research community may be overemphasising high impact papers and more academic research because that is what the system rewards in an increasingly competitive funding arena. There is less incentive for engagement with growers. Agricultural research budgets are stagnating at levels set in the 1980s when there was overproduction and in my view should be increased as we face 21st century challenges of food security and sustainable intensification. There is another huge issue with the dysfunctional EU regulatory system which not only makes it difficult to register new pesticides but also makes it difficult even to register greener alternatives. Feedback from growers using an online knowledge exchange system I am developing has indicated that the most frequently mentioned crop protection targets are ones for which pesticide resistance has evolved or where legislation has reduced the availability of pesticides. New solutions are urgently needed for weeds such as black-grass, diseases such as septoria and pests such as cabbage stem flea beetle and slugs. There are opportunities for involving farmers earlier in the research process and this may improve the adoption of IPM.

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Insects possess a highly sensitive and sophisticated nervous system capable of detecting pico-gram amounts of volatile chemicals and resolving these signals in space and time to millisecond accuracy. This allows them to use volatiles to judge the quality of potential hosts and to signal to each other. They process these volatile signals and react differently to them according to the blend composition, the context within which they are perceived, previous experience and how the odours are released over time. For example, Aphis fabae, is attracted to a blend of host odours but repelled by the same compounds if released individually and Sitobion avenae is repelled by alarm pheromone (E)-β-farnesene but only if exposed to a short burst and not if there is prolonged exposure. Positive responses can become accentuated if they are associated with a reward. Adjusting behavioural responses gives insects the flexibility to adapt to changing environments with different host availability and by integrating many signals they get a more robust picture of their external environment. Both aphids and their parasitoids are under selective pressure to maximise their fitness by optimising host location by finding good quality hosts and avoiding poor quality hosts. For example, Sitobion avenae can recognise fusarium head blight infected wheat plants and avoid them. Conversely, plants are under selective pressure to avoid being eaten by either reducing attraction of aphids or increasing attraction of parasitoids. Aphids are stealthy herbivores which induce fewer volatiles when feeding compared to chewing herbivores, however, aphid parasitoids are able to recognise plants which are attacked by aphids. Furthermore, uninfested plants which are connected belowground by mycorrhizae can also attract aphid parasitoids. Another consideration is hyperparasitism which potentially adds a complicating factor if signals plants release to attract primary parasitoids also attract hyperparasitoids. There are opportunities to exploit volatile signals in pest management both in terms of repelling pests and attracting their natural enemies but their deployment strategies need to have at least the same level of sophistication as the insects they are designed to manage.

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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国佩斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

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一比一原版美国佩斯大学毕业证如何办理

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CROPROTECT June2015

1. Slide 1 05/06/2015 Rothamsted Research where knowledge grows Rothamsted Research where knowledge grows CROPROTECT web based knowledge exchange for crop protection

2. Slide 2 05/06/2015 http://croprotect. rothamsted.ac.uk/ 112 pioneer users

3. Slide 3 05/06/2015 CROPROTECT is a web-based knowledge exchange system to provide farmers and agronomists with guidance on pest, weed and disease management

4. Slide 4 05/06/2015 Information is needed because crop protection is becoming more difficult due to pesticide resistance and restrictions on use

5. Slide 5 05/06/2015 Information is needed because crop protection is becoming more difficult due to pesticide resistance and restrictions on use

6. Slide 6 05/06/2015 Information is needed because crop protection is becoming more difficult due to pesticide resistance and restrictions on use

7. Slide 7 05/06/2015 Why is it needed?

8. Slide 8 05/06/2015 EC Directive 2009-128 A framework “Promoting the use of IPM and of alternative approaches”

9. Slide 9 05/06/2015 Promoting IPM and use of alternatives Reducing risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and environment Development of “Alternatives” is urgently needed EC Directive 2009-128

10. Slide 10 05/06/2015 Development of “Alternatives” is urgently needed

11. Slide 11 05/06/2015

12. Slide 12 05/06/2015

13. Slide 13 05/06/2015 CROPROTECT Better access to info about crop protection

14. Slide 14 05/06/2015

15. Slide 15 05/06/2015 Ag extension networks ● ● ●● ● ●●●●●●●X 1000 ? CROPROTECT

16. Slide 16 05/06/2015 Information sources Grower input on their local crop protection challenges Information delivery - solutions relevant to the location & its specific problems Information processing + design of IPM systems Geographic information system Include cropping history Web portal Which pests, weeds, diseases are a problem? Novel combinations of tactics New solutions as alternatives to pesticides Industry and academic Identify best practices for pest management ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ CROPROTECT

17. Slide 17 05/06/2015 Partners

18. Slide 18 05/06/2015 Partners diseases weeds web

19. Slide 19 05/06/2015 @croprotect

20. Slide 20 05/06/2015 Pioneer users We ask users what there priority pest, weed and disease targets are

21. Slide 21 05/06/2015 TARGET MENTIONS Aphid 35 Slugs 32 Black grass 30 septoria 27 yellow rust 19 cleavers 16 cabbage stem flea beetle 15 light leaf spot 15 fusarium head blight 14 annual meadow grass 13 brome 13 charlock 13 phoma 13 pollen beetle 12 sclerotinia 12 wild oats 12 chocolate spot 11 brown rust 10 dock 10 early blight (alternaria) 10 bruchid beetle 9 chickweed 9 Nematodes 9 net blotch 9 rhynchosporium 9 cranesbill 8 leatherjackets 8 pea & bean weevil 8 powdery mildew 8 barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) 7 broad leaved weeds (generic BLW) 7 crown rust 7 late blight (phytophthora) 7 mayweed 7 orange wheat blossom midge 7 ryegrass 7 thistles 7 turnip yellows virus (TuYV) 7 downy mildew 6

22. Slide 22 05/06/2015 Rothamsted Research where knowledge grows Rothamsted Research where knowledge grows Website is live: http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/

23. Slide 23 05/06/2015 Pest info http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/pests

24. Slide 24 05/06/2015 Weed info http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/weeds

25. Slide 25 05/06/2015 Disease info http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/diseases

26. Slide 26 05/06/2015 Rothamsted Research where knowledge grows Rothamsted Research where knowledge grows Website is live: http://croprotect.rothamsted.ac.uk/ Smartphone App will be coming soon

27. Slide 27 05/06/2015 Sustainable Agriculture Research and Innovation Club (SARIC)

CROPROTECT June2015

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