Crop loan system Introduction
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The document discusses how crop loans are determined in India. It explains that a District Level Technical Committee (DLTC) comprised of agriculture, banking, and government experts fixes the scale of finance or maximum loan amount for farmers. The DLTC considers factors like the type of crop, variety, season, land type, and district to set the indicative cost of cultivation for different crops, upon which the loan amount is based. The committee reviews costs annually and adjusts the scale of finance accordingly.
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Crop loan system Introduction
The key objectives of the crop loan system are to treat crops as collateral instead of land, and set financing scales based on actual cultivation costs. The salient features include estimating credit needs based on crop cultivation costs, eligibility based on being a real farmer needing credit, disbursing and recovering loans according to crop schedules, and including both cash and in-kind loan components. Scale of finance is set by district committees and varies by crop type, variety, season, land type, district, and estimated cultivation costs.
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1. The document discusses various aspects of agricultural credit such as purpose, time period, security, generation of surplus funds, approach, and principles of credit.
2. It categorizes agricultural credit based on purpose as production credit, investment credit, marketing credit, and consumption credit. It also differentiates credit based on time period as short-term, medium-term, and long-term credit.
3. Security for agricultural loans includes secured loans against land mortgage, collateral security against crops/livestock, and personal security based on character and repaying capacity without tangible assets.
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This document discusses agricultural credit, including its definition, need, classification, sources, and problems. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Agricultural credit refers to loans needed by farmers to grow the agricultural sector and is classified based on purpose, repayment period, security, surplus generation, creditor, and number of activities.
2) Farmers need credit for inputs, machinery, risk management, land improvements, marketing, and emergencies. Institutional sources include banks and development programs while non-institutional sources are exploitative.
3) Problems with agricultural credit include low access for small farmers, complicated application processes, increasing bad debts, delayed disbursements, and high interest rates. Remedies proposed
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1. Agricultural credit is an important input for leveraging financial growth in the agricultural sector and ultimately leading to sustainable economic growth.
2. It is provided by both formal institutional sources like agricultural development banks and commercial banks, as well as informal non-institutional sources like money lenders and shopkeepers.
3. It is needed for a variety of purposes from purchasing seeds and fertilizers, to machinery, to making permanent land improvements and managing risks. However, small farmers often face issues in accessing sufficient credit from institutional sources.
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Dairy farming provides small farmers with supplemental income and employment. It utilizes agricultural byproducts to feed livestock and produces manure as fertilizer. A typical small dairy farm with 2 buffaloes can earn a farmer around Rs. 6,000-9,000 per year after expenses. Dairy farming plays an important role in India as most milk is produced by small farms and landless laborers. There is also potential to increase milk production to meet domestic demand. Banks provide loans to support dairy farming which are assessed for technical feasibility and economic viability.
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This document defines and discusses agricultural finance. It provides definitions from various sources that describe agricultural finance as studying the financial aspects of farm businesses, including credit sources and credit use. The document also discusses the nature and scope of agricultural finance at both the macro and micro levels. It outlines the types and significance of agricultural credit as well as how agricultural credit can be classified based on time, purpose, security, lenders, and borrowers.
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Crop loan system Introduction
The key objectives of the crop loan system are to treat crops as collateral instead of land, and set financing scales based on actual cultivation costs. The salient features include estimating credit needs based on crop cultivation costs, eligibility based on being a real farmer needing credit, disbursing and recovering loans according to crop schedules, and including both cash and in-kind loan components. Scale of finance is set by district committees and varies by crop type, variety, season, land type, district, and estimated cultivation costs.
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1. The document discusses various aspects of agricultural credit such as purpose, time period, security, generation of surplus funds, approach, and principles of credit.
2. It categorizes agricultural credit based on purpose as production credit, investment credit, marketing credit, and consumption credit. It also differentiates credit based on time period as short-term, medium-term, and long-term credit.
3. Security for agricultural loans includes secured loans against land mortgage, collateral security against crops/livestock, and personal security based on character and repaying capacity without tangible assets.
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This document discusses agricultural credit, including its definition, need, classification, sources, and problems. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Agricultural credit refers to loans needed by farmers to grow the agricultural sector and is classified based on purpose, repayment period, security, surplus generation, creditor, and number of activities.
2) Farmers need credit for inputs, machinery, risk management, land improvements, marketing, and emergencies. Institutional sources include banks and development programs while non-institutional sources are exploitative.
3) Problems with agricultural credit include low access for small farmers, complicated application processes, increasing bad debts, delayed disbursements, and high interest rates. Remedies proposed
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1. Agricultural credit is an important input for leveraging financial growth in the agricultural sector and ultimately leading to sustainable economic growth.
2. It is provided by both formal institutional sources like agricultural development banks and commercial banks, as well as informal non-institutional sources like money lenders and shopkeepers.
3. It is needed for a variety of purposes from purchasing seeds and fertilizers, to machinery, to making permanent land improvements and managing risks. However, small farmers often face issues in accessing sufficient credit from institutional sources.
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Dairy farming provides small farmers with supplemental income and employment. It utilizes agricultural byproducts to feed livestock and produces manure as fertilizer. A typical small dairy farm with 2 buffaloes can earn a farmer around Rs. 6,000-9,000 per year after expenses. Dairy farming plays an important role in India as most milk is produced by small farms and landless laborers. There is also potential to increase milk production to meet domestic demand. Banks provide loans to support dairy farming which are assessed for technical feasibility and economic viability.
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This document discusses agricultural credit and its importance for farmers. It covers the need for agricultural credit to purchase new inputs, implements, manage risk, and make improvements. The document also outlines different types of agricultural credit, including short-term, medium-term, and long-term credit. Sources of agricultural credit are discussed, including non-institutional sources like money lenders and institutional sources like agricultural development banks and commercial banks. Problems obtaining credit like high interest rates and complicated procedures are summarized. Finally, remedial measures are proposed such as making the loan process easier and establishing more agricultural development banks.
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Agriculture contributes around 15% to India's GDP but employs over 50% of the population. Rural areas are home to over 70% of India's population, many of whom are poor farmers dependent on agriculture. The government prioritizes raising agricultural productivity to reduce poverty. Formal agricultural financing through banks has grown over time from money lenders to include cooperative banks, nationalized banks, regional rural banks, and now a multi-agency approach including public, private, and foreign banks. Key agricultural financing products include crop loans and Kisan Credit Cards (KCC), which consolidate short and long-term credit needs. However, many small and marginal farmers still lack adequate access to agricultural credit.
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The document discusses supervised agricultural credit schemes in Pakistan. Key points:
- The Agricultural Credit Department coordinates agricultural credit operations between banks and other organizations to provide farmers access to financing.
- The Supervised Agricultural Credit Scheme provides an integrated package of financing, farm inputs, technical guidance, and marketing assistance to farmers across Pakistan. Several banks participate in the scheme.
- Eligible farmers can obtain financing for production, development, marketing, and other agricultural purposes. Facilities include revolving credit limits, lease financing, financing for agricultural products, and more. Advisory committees help farmers obtain credit.
14.supervised credit
The document discusses supervised agricultural credit schemes in Pakistan. Key points:
- The Agricultural Credit Department coordinates agricultural credit operations between banks and other organizations to provide farmers access to financing.
- The Supervised Agricultural Credit Scheme provides an integrated package of financing, farm inputs, technical guidance, and marketing assistance to farmers across Pakistan. Several banks participate in the scheme.
- Eligible farmers can obtain financing for production, development, marketing, and other agricultural purposes. Facilities include revolving credit limits, lease financing, financing for agricultural commodities, and more. Advisory committees help farmers obtain credit.
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The document discusses various loan schemes provided by Federal Bank for the agricultural sector in India. It outlines categories of agri-loans such as working capital loans, infrastructure loans, gold loans, and term loans. It then provides details on specific loan programs, including eligibility requirements, documents needed, loan amounts, repayment terms, and security/collateral needed. Key loan programs discussed are the Federal Kisan Credit Card for working capital, loans for fertilizer/seed dealers, loans for purchasing and developing agricultural land, and loans for vehicles to support agricultural needs.
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Goat and Sheep in India generally live on grazing. National Commission on Agriculture has given considerable emphasis for the development of goat rearing activity. But, no goat development programme of appropriate magnitude has been undertaken by any States. Some misconception of the goat rearing is that goat is considered as principal destructive element of forestry and ecology. But unlike sheep, the goat can be successfully reared under intensive and semi-intensive system both for breeding and meat purposes. The intensive (stall-fed) semi-intensive and free range system of goat rearing activity is an eligible activity for bank finance and also covered under NABARD refinance.
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1. Goat farming can provide a source of income and employment for rural communities. It requires less resources than cattle farming.
2. The document provides guidelines for obtaining bank loans to start goat farms, including preparing a business plan, selecting a suitable land location, constructing shelters, growing fodder, feeding goats, and financial projections.
3. Key aspects of a loan application include technical details of the farm operations, financial projections showing costs, income, cash flow, and ability to repay the loan over 5-7 years.
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Agriculture credit
Agricultural credit is an important input for agricultural development programs in India. It is needed to purchase seeds, fertilizers, equipment and manage risks. However, small and marginal farmers often do not receive enough institutional credit. Some reasons for this are loose definitions that allow large companies access to subsidized loans, and non-compliance by banks with targets for lending to small farmers. Reforms are needed to streamline the system and better facilitate credit to small farmers through organizations and technology.
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The document discusses various agricultural credit schemes and issues in India. It notes that the volume of agricultural credit is insufficient given rising input costs, and farmers often rely on informal credit at high interest rates due to inadequate banking infrastructure and outreach. It then describes various types of agricultural credit (short, medium, and long term), and key schemes like Kisan Credit Cards which provide loans for inputs, production needs, and investment. Requirements, application processes, and other details are provided for KCC and other financing programs aimed at improving access to affordable credit for farmers.
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The challenges faced by our country in securing the food as well as nutritional security to fast growing population need an integrated approach in livestock farming. Among the various livestock species, piggery is most potential source for meat production and pigs are more efficient feed converters after the broiler. Apart from providing meat, it is also a source of bristles and manure. Pig farming will provide employment opportunities to seasonally employed rural farmers and supplementary income to improve their living standards.
Apart from providing meat, it is also a source of bristles and manure. Pig farming will provide employment opportunities to seasonally employed rural farmers and
supplementary income to improve their living standards. The advantages of the pig farming are:
a. Pig has got highest feed conversion efficiency i.e. they produce more live weight gain from a given weight of feed than any other class of meat producing animals except broilers.
b. Pig can utilise wide variety of feed stuffs viz. grains, forages, damaged feeds and garbage and convert them into valuable nutritious meat. However, feeding of damaged grains, garbage and other unbalanced rations may result in lower feed efficiency.
c. They are prolific with shorter generation interval. A sow can be bred as early as 8-9 months of age and can farrow twice in a year. They produce 6-12 piglets in each farrowing.
d. Pig farming requires small investment on buildings and equipment.
e. Pigs are known for their meat yield, which in terms of dressing percentage ranges from 65 - 80 in comparison to other livestock species whose dressing yields may not exceed 65%.
f. Pork is most nutritious with high fat and low water content and has got better energy value than that of other meats. It is rich in vitamins like thiamin, Niacin and riboflavin.
g. Pigs manure is widely used as fertilizer for agriculture farms and fish ponds.
h. Pigs store fat rapidly for which there is an increasing demand from poultry feed, soap, paints and other chemical industries.
i. Pig farming provides quick returns since the marketable weight of fatteners can be achieved with in a period of 6-8 months.
j. There is good demand from domestic as well as export market for pig products such as pork,To know more please visit us at www.growelagrovet.com
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IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
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- The Supervised Agricultural Credit Scheme provides an integrated package of financing, farm inputs, technical guidance, and marketing assistance to farmers across Pakistan. Several banks participate in the scheme.
- Eligible farmers can obtain financing for production, development, marketing, and other agricultural purposes. Facilities include revolving credit limits, lease financing, financing for agricultural products, and more. Advisory committees help farmers obtain credit.
14.supervised credit
The document discusses supervised agricultural credit schemes in Pakistan. Key points:
- The Agricultural Credit Department coordinates agricultural credit operations between banks and other organizations to provide farmers access to financing.
- The Supervised Agricultural Credit Scheme provides an integrated package of financing, farm inputs, technical guidance, and marketing assistance to farmers across Pakistan. Several banks participate in the scheme.
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Apart from providing meat, it is also a source of bristles and manure. Pig farming will provide employment opportunities to seasonally employed rural farmers and
supplementary income to improve their living standards. The advantages of the pig farming are:
a. Pig has got highest feed conversion efficiency i.e. they produce more live weight gain from a given weight of feed than any other class of meat producing animals except broilers.
b. Pig can utilise wide variety of feed stuffs viz. grains, forages, damaged feeds and garbage and convert them into valuable nutritious meat. However, feeding of damaged grains, garbage and other unbalanced rations may result in lower feed efficiency.
c. They are prolific with shorter generation interval. A sow can be bred as early as 8-9 months of age and can farrow twice in a year. They produce 6-12 piglets in each farrowing.
d. Pig farming requires small investment on buildings and equipment.
e. Pigs are known for their meat yield, which in terms of dressing percentage ranges from 65 - 80 in comparison to other livestock species whose dressing yields may not exceed 65%.
f. Pork is most nutritious with high fat and low water content and has got better energy value than that of other meats. It is rich in vitamins like thiamin, Niacin and riboflavin.
g. Pigs manure is widely used as fertilizer for agriculture farms and fish ponds.
h. Pigs store fat rapidly for which there is an increasing demand from poultry feed, soap, paints and other chemical industries.
i. Pig farming provides quick returns since the marketable weight of fatteners can be achieved with in a period of 6-8 months.
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HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
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Speaker:-
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Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
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centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Crop loan system Introduction
- 2. 6.The quantum of loan should be fixed according to the variety ( local, imp. variety or HYV), the season in which it is grown and the type of crop i.e. whether it is irrigated or rainfed crop. 7.Crop loan is fixed by the District Level Technical Committee (DLTC) consisting of experts from the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry, banking etc.
- 3. The twin objectives of crop loan system are: 1. Treating the crop as security instead of immovable property like land. 2. Fixing the scale of finance depending up on the actual farm expenditure i.e. based on cost of cultivation. Salient features of the crop loan system: 1.The credit requirements of the farmers are to be estimated based on the cost of cultivation of the crops cultivated by them. 2.The eligibility to receive the loan by the farmer is not measured by the ownership of land but by the fact that he is a real farmer who needs credit for cultivation. 3.The crop loans should be advanced on the hypothecation of the crop. 4.The disbursement and recovery of the loans are to be made in accordance with the crop production schedule. 5.The loans should include both cash and kind components.
- 4. Scale of Finance: It is an indicative cost taken as base cost depending on which the amount to be financed to a farmer is fixed. Scale of finance is fixed for annual, perennial crops and livestock also. Livestock will have fixed costs of finance and they are termed as unit costs. The unit varies with the type of livestock. Ex: for milch cattle the unit refers to two animals, for sheep and goat a minimum of 10 animals and for poultry a minimum of 500 birds.
- 5. Factors influencing the scale of finance: 1. Type of the crop: It varies from crop to crop. 2. Nature of the crop: With in the same crop between the improved varieties and high yielding varieties (HYVs) the scale of finance differs. 3. Season: Scale of finance differs with season for the same crop. 4. Type of land: Based on the type of the land i.e. irrigated or dry the scale of finance differs with the same crop. 5. District/Area: For the same crop the scale of finance varies from district to district.
- 6. How Scale of Finance is fixed: Scale of finance is fixed for each district by a committee known as District Level Technical Committee (DLTC). The members of DLTC constitute representatives of lead bank of that district, NABARD, local co-operative banks and commercial banks, officials of department of agriculture& animal husbandry etc. The meetings of DLTC are chaired by district magistrate/ district collector and convened by respective lead bank district manager.
- 7. DLTC compiles technical survey report with the information obtained from NABARD. NABARD in turn obtains information from the state agricultural department every year, which will have the necessary details like what are crops grown, their extent etc. By using the above details a potential map is prepared. By using this one can list out the priority activities to be financed in each part of the district and extent to which these are to be financed. Finally cost of cultivation is estimated based on the market trends & needs. The finance scale is not fixed and keeps on changing every year