Critical thinking was established by Socrates 2,500 years ago as seeking evidence, reasoning, and analyzing basic concepts. In the Renaissance, scholars began thinking critically about religion, art, society, and more. Francis Bacon laid the foundation for modern science by emphasizing information gathering. René Descartes wrote about the need for clarity and precision in thinking. Later thinkers like Bayle, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot argued that disciplined human reason can better identify weaknesses and strengths in thought. In 1906, William Graham Sumner said critical thinking is important for human welfare and people should be trained in it.

1. CRITICAL THINKING
SALT INDONESIA

2. CRITICAL THINKING IS
A CLEAR AND
RATIONAL THINKING

3. 2,500 years ago Socrates established
the importance of seeking evidence,
reasoning and assumptions, analyzing
basic concepts, and tracing out
implications

4. In the Renaissance (15th and 16th
Centuries), scholars in Europe began
to think critically about religion, art,
society, human nature, law, and
freedom.

5. It was Francis
Bacon (England)
laid the foundation
for modern
science with his
emphasis on the
information-
gathering

6. In 1628, René Descartes wrote Rules
For the Direction of the Mind
He articulated the need in thinking for
clarity and precision.

7. Bayle, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and
Diderot. They all began with the
premise that the human mind, when
disciplined by reason is better able to
figure out the weaknesses and
strengths of thought
Bayle Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot

8. In 1906, William
Graham Sumner
mentioned that the
Critical Thinking is a
prime condition of
human welfare that
men and women
should be trained in
it

9. Critical Thinking skill helps to
generate systematic monitoring of
thought

10. Thinking must be analyzed and
assessed for its clarity, accuracy,
relevance, depth, breadth, and
logicalness