A Test Bed Environment allows for rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific
theories. However, in software development these test beds can be specified hardware and
software environment for the application under test. Though the existing open source test bed
environments in Integrated Development Environment (IDE)s are capable of supporting the
development of Java application types, test reports are generated by third party developers.
They do not enhance the utility and the performance of the system constructed. Our proposed
system, we have created a customized test bed environment for core java application programs
used to generate the test case report using generated control flow graph. This can be obtained by developing a new mini compiler with additional features.
Java 8 introduces new type annotation syntax (JSR 308) permitting annotations to appear on any use of a type. Type annotations provide exciting new opportunities for tooling such as detecting additional classes of errors at compile-time. This presentation provides an overview of the new type annotation syntax, tools for leveraging type annotations, and type annotation design patterns.
These slides are from Todd Schiller's talk at the March 24th New York City Java Meetup.
Java 8 introduces new type annotation syntax (JSR 308) permitting annotations to appear on any use of a type. Type annotations provide exciting new opportunities for tooling such as detecting additional classes of errors at compile-time. This presentation provides an overview of the new type annotation syntax, tools for leveraging type annotations, and type annotation design patterns.
These slides are from Todd Schiller's talk at the March 24th New York City Java Meetup.
Learning to Rank Relevant Files for Bug Reports using Domain KnowledgeXin Ye
When a new bug report is received, developers usually need to reproduce the bug and perform code reviews to find the cause, a process that can be tedious and time consuming. A tool for ranking all the source files of a project with respect to how likely they are to contain the cause of the bug would enable developers to narrow down their search and potentially could lead to a substantial increase in productivity. This presentation introduces an adaptive ranking approach that leverages domain knowledge through functional decomposition of source code files into methods, API descriptions of library components used in the code, the bug-fixing history, and the code change history. Given a bug report, the ranking score of each source file is computed as a weighted combination of an array of features encoding domain knowledge, where the weights are trained automatically on previously solved bug reports using a learning-to-rank technique.
Introduction to Annotations.
What are Annotations➔ Annotations are structured information added to program source code➔ Annotations associated meta-information with definitions➔ They can be attached to any variable, method, expression, or another program element Like comments, they can be sprinkled throughout a program➔ Unlike comments, they have structure, thus making them easier to machine process.
Very often, source code lacks comments that adequately describe its behavior. In such situations developers need to infer knowledge from the source code itself, or to search for source code descriptions in external artifacts. We argue that messages exchanged among contributors/developers, in the form of bug reports and emails, are a useful source of information to help understanding source code. However, such communications are unstructured and usually not explicitly meant to describe specific parts of the source code. Developers searching for code descriptions within communications
face the challenge of filtering large amount of data to extract what pieces of information are important to them. We propose an approach to automatically extract method descriptions from
communications in bug tracking systems and mailing lists. We have evaluated the approach on bug reports and mailing lists from two open source systems (Lucene and Eclipse). The
results indicate that mailing lists and bug reports contain relevant
descriptions of about 36% of the methods from Lucene and 7%
from Eclipse, and that the proposed approach is able to extract such descriptions with a precision up to 79% for Eclipse and 87% for Lucene. The extracted method descriptions can help
developers in understanding the code and could also be used as a starting point for source code re-documentation.
Learning to Rank Relevant Files for Bug Reports using Domain KnowledgeXin Ye
When a new bug report is received, developers usually need to reproduce the bug and perform code reviews to find the cause, a process that can be tedious and time consuming. A tool for ranking all the source files of a project with respect to how likely they are to contain the cause of the bug would enable developers to narrow down their search and potentially could lead to a substantial increase in productivity. This presentation introduces an adaptive ranking approach that leverages domain knowledge through functional decomposition of source code files into methods, API descriptions of library components used in the code, the bug-fixing history, and the code change history. Given a bug report, the ranking score of each source file is computed as a weighted combination of an array of features encoding domain knowledge, where the weights are trained automatically on previously solved bug reports using a learning-to-rank technique.
Introduction to Annotations.
What are Annotations➔ Annotations are structured information added to program source code➔ Annotations associated meta-information with definitions➔ They can be attached to any variable, method, expression, or another program element Like comments, they can be sprinkled throughout a program➔ Unlike comments, they have structure, thus making them easier to machine process.
Very often, source code lacks comments that adequately describe its behavior. In such situations developers need to infer knowledge from the source code itself, or to search for source code descriptions in external artifacts. We argue that messages exchanged among contributors/developers, in the form of bug reports and emails, are a useful source of information to help understanding source code. However, such communications are unstructured and usually not explicitly meant to describe specific parts of the source code. Developers searching for code descriptions within communications
face the challenge of filtering large amount of data to extract what pieces of information are important to them. We propose an approach to automatically extract method descriptions from
communications in bug tracking systems and mailing lists. We have evaluated the approach on bug reports and mailing lists from two open source systems (Lucene and Eclipse). The
results indicate that mailing lists and bug reports contain relevant
descriptions of about 36% of the methods from Lucene and 7%
from Eclipse, and that the proposed approach is able to extract such descriptions with a precision up to 79% for Eclipse and 87% for Lucene. The extracted method descriptions can help
developers in understanding the code and could also be used as a starting point for source code re-documentation.
Prof. Chethan Raj C, BE, M.Tech (Ph.D) Dept. of CSE. System Software & Operat...Prof Chethan Raj C
Prof. Chethan Raj C, BE, M.Tech (Ph.D) Dept. of CSE. System Software & Operating System Lab Manual.
1) To make students familiar with Lexical Analysis and Syntax Analysis phases of Compiler Design and implement programs on these phases using LEX & YACC tools and/or C/C++/Java.
2) To enable students to learn different types of CPU scheduling algorithms used in Operating system.
3) To make students able to implement memory management - page replacement and deadlock handling algorithms.
Some of the common interview questions asked during a Java Interview. These may apply to Java Interviews. Be prepared with answers for the interview questions below when you prepare for an interview. Also have an example to explain how you worked on various interview questions asked below. Java Developers are expected to have references and be able to explain from their past experiences. All the Best for a successful career as a Java Developer!
Some of the common interview questions asked during a Java Interview. These may apply to Java Interviews. Be prepared with answers for the interview questions below when you prepare for an interview. Also have an example to explain how you worked on various interview questions asked below. Java Developers are expected to have references and be able to explain from their past experiences. All the Best for a successful career as a Java Developer!
Play Framework makes it easy to build web applications with Java & Scala. This presentation give a idea of how play is implemented using Netty, how routes work. How we get calls in controller's action. Walk through guice and logging.
ANALYSIS OF LAND SURFACE DEFORMATION GRADIENT BY DINSAR cscpconf
The progressive development of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems diversify the exploitation of the generated images by these systems in different applications of geoscience. Detection and monitoring surface deformations, procreated by various phenomena had benefited from this evolution and had been realized by interferometry (InSAR) and differential interferometry (DInSAR) techniques. Nevertheless, spatial and temporal decorrelations of the interferometric couples used, limit strongly the precision of analysis results by these techniques. In this context, we propose, in this work, a methodological approach of surface deformation detection and analysis by differential interferograms to show the limits of this technique according to noise quality and level. The detectability model is generated from the deformation signatures, by simulating a linear fault merged to the images couples of ERS1 / ERS2 sensors acquired in a region of the Algerian south.
4D AUTOMATIC LIP-READING FOR SPEAKER'S FACE IDENTIFCATIONcscpconf
A novel based a trajectory-guided, concatenating approach for synthesizing high-quality image real sample renders video is proposed . The lips reading automated is seeking for modeled the closest real image sample sequence preserve in the library under the data video to the HMM predicted trajectory. The object trajectory is modeled obtained by projecting the face patterns into an KDA feature space is estimated. The approach for speaker's face identification by using synthesise the identity surface of a subject face from a small sample of patterns which sparsely each the view sphere. An KDA algorithm use to the Lip-reading image is discrimination, after that work consisted of in the low dimensional for the fundamental lip features vector is reduced by using the 2D-DCT.The mouth of the set area dimensionality is ordered by a normally reduction base on the PCA to obtain the Eigen lips approach, their proposed approach by[33]. The subjective performance results of the cost function under the automatic lips reading modeled , which wasn’t illustrate the superior performance of the
method.
MOVING FROM WATERFALL TO AGILE PROCESS IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CAPSTONE PROJE...cscpconf
Universities offer software engineering capstone course to simulate a real world-working environment in which students can work in a team for a fixed period to deliver a quality product. The objective of the paper is to report on our experience in moving from Waterfall process to Agile process in conducting the software engineering capstone project. We present the capstone course designs for both Waterfall driven and Agile driven methodologies that highlight the structure, deliverables and assessment plans.To evaluate the improvement, we conducted a survey for two different sections taught by two different instructors to evaluate students’ experience in moving from traditional Waterfall model to Agile like process. Twentyeight students filled the survey. The survey consisted of eight multiple-choice questions and an open-ended question to collect feedback from students. The survey results show that students were able to attain hands one experience, which simulate a real world-working environment. The results also show that the Agile approach helped students to have overall better design and avoid mistakes they have made in the initial design completed in of the first phase of the capstone project. In addition, they were able to decide on their team capabilities, training needs and thus learn the required technologies earlier which is reflected on the final product quality
PROMOTING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT USING SOCIAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGIEScscpconf
Using social media in education provides learners with an informal way for communication. Informal communication tends to remove barriers and hence promotes student engagement. This paper presents our experience in using three different social media technologies in teaching software project management course. We conducted different surveys at the end of every semester to evaluate students’ satisfaction and engagement. Results show that using social media enhances students’ engagement and satisfaction. However, familiarity with the tool is an important factor for student satisfaction.
A SURVEY ON QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEMS: THE ADVANCES OF FUZZY LOGICcscpconf
In real world computing environment with using a computer to answer questions has been a human dream since the beginning of the digital era, Question-answering systems are referred to as intelligent systems, that can be used to provide responses for the questions being asked by the user based on certain facts or rules stored in the knowledge base it can generate answers of questions asked in natural , and the first main idea of fuzzy logic was to working on the problem of computer understanding of natural language, so this survey paper provides an overview on what Question-Answering is and its system architecture and the possible relationship and
different with fuzzy logic, as well as the previous related research with respect to approaches that were followed. At the end, the survey provides an analytical discussion of the proposed QA models, along or combined with fuzzy logic and their main contributions and limitations.
DYNAMIC PHONE WARPING – A METHOD TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PRONUNCIATIONS cscpconf
Human beings generate different speech waveforms while speaking the same word at different times. Also, different human beings have different accents and generate significantly varying speech waveforms for the same word. There is a need to measure the distances between various words which facilitate preparation of pronunciation dictionaries. A new algorithm called Dynamic Phone Warping (DPW) is presented in this paper. It uses dynamic programming technique for global alignment and shortest distance measurements. The DPW algorithm can be used to enhance the pronunciation dictionaries of the well-known languages like English or to build pronunciation dictionaries to the less known sparse languages. The precision measurement experiments show 88.9% accuracy.
INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC ASSESSMENT FOR SUBJECTIVE EXAMS cscpconf
In education, the use of electronic (E) examination systems is not a novel idea, as Eexamination systems have been used to conduct objective assessments for the last few years. This research deals with randomly designed E-examinations and proposes an E-assessment system that can be used for subjective questions. This system assesses answers to subjective questions by finding a matching ratio for the keywords in instructor and student answers. The matching ratio is achieved based on semantic and document similarity. The assessment system is composed of four modules: preprocessing, keyword expansion, matching, and grading. A survey and case study were used in the research design to validate the proposed system. The examination assessment system will help instructors to save time, costs, and resources, while increasing efficiency and improving the productivity of exam setting and assessments.
TWO DISCRETE BINARY VERSIONS OF AFRICAN BUFFALO OPTIMIZATION METAHEURISTICcscpconf
African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) is one of the most recent swarms intelligence based metaheuristics. ABO algorithm is inspired by the buffalo’s behavior and lifestyle. Unfortunately, the standard ABO algorithm is proposed only for continuous optimization problems. In this paper, the authors propose two discrete binary ABO algorithms to deal with binary optimization problems. In the first version (called SBABO) they use the sigmoid function and probability model to generate binary solutions. In the second version (called LBABO) they use some logical operator to operate the binary solutions. Computational results on two knapsack problems (KP and MKP) instances show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and their ability to achieve good and promising solutions.
DETECTION OF ALGORITHMICALLY GENERATED MALICIOUS DOMAINcscpconf
In recent years, many malware writers have relied on Dynamic Domain Name Services (DDNS) to maintain their Command and Control (C&C) network infrastructure to ensure a persistence presence on a compromised host. Amongst the various DDNS techniques, Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) is often perceived as the most difficult to detect using traditional methods. This paper presents an approach for detecting DGA using frequency analysis of the character distribution and the weighted scores of the domain names. The approach’s feasibility is demonstrated using a range of legitimate domains and a number of malicious algorithmicallygenerated domain names. Findings from this study show that domain names made up of English characters “a-z” achieving a weighted score of < 45 are often associated with DGA. When a weighted score of < 45 is applied to the Alexa one million list of domain names, only 15% of the domain names were treated as non-human generated.
GLOBAL MUSIC ASSET ASSURANCE DIGITAL CURRENCY: A DRM SOLUTION FOR STREAMING C...cscpconf
The amount of piracy in the streaming digital content in general and the music industry in specific is posing a real challenge to digital content owners. This paper presents a DRM solution to monetizing, tracking and controlling online streaming content cross platforms for IP enabled devices. The paper benefits from the current advances in Blockchain and cryptocurrencies. Specifically, the paper presents a Global Music Asset Assurance (GoMAA) digital currency and presents the iMediaStreams Blockchain to enable the secure dissemination and tracking of the streamed content. The proposed solution provides the data owner the ability to control the flow of information even after it has been released by creating a secure, selfinstalled, cross platform reader located on the digital content file header. The proposed system provides the content owners’ options to manage their digital information (audio, video, speech, etc.), including the tracking of the most consumed segments, once it is release. The system benefits from token distribution between the content owner (Music Bands), the content distributer (Online Radio Stations) and the content consumer(Fans) on the system blockchain.
IMPORTANCE OF VERB SUFFIX MAPPING IN DISCOURSE TRANSLATION SYSTEMcscpconf
This paper discusses the importance of verb suffix mapping in Discourse translation system. In
discourse translation, the crucial step is Anaphora resolution and generation. In Anaphora
resolution, cohesion links like pronouns are identified between portions of text. These binders
make the text cohesive by referring to nouns appearing in the previous sentences or nouns
appearing in sentences after them. In Machine Translation systems, to convert the source
language sentences into meaningful target language sentences the verb suffixes should be
changed as per the cohesion links identified. This step of translation process is emphasized in
the present paper. Specifically, the discussion is on how the verbs change according to the
subjects and anaphors. To explain the concept, English is used as the source language (SL) and
an Indian language Telugu is used as Target language (TL)
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF A FAMILY OF HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SPACE-TIME FRACTIONAL KDV-T...cscpconf
In this paper, based on the definition of conformable fractional derivative, the functional
variable method (FVM) is proposed to seek the exact traveling wave solutions of two higherdimensional
space-time fractional KdV-type equations in mathematical physics, namely the
(3+1)-dimensional space–time fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation and the (2+1)-
dimensional space–time fractional Generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony
(GZK-BBM) equation. Some new solutions are procured and depicted. These solutions, which
contain kink-shaped, singular kink, bell-shaped soliton, singular soliton and periodic wave
solutions, have many potential applications in mathematical physics and engineering. The
simplicity and reliability of the proposed method is verified.
AUTOMATED PENETRATION TESTING: AN OVERVIEWcscpconf
The using of information technology resources is rapidly increasing in organizations,
businesses, and even governments, that led to arise various attacks, and vulnerabilities in the
field. All resources make it a must to do frequently a penetration test (PT) for the environment
and see what can the attacker gain and what is the current environment's vulnerabilities. This
paper reviews some of the automated penetration testing techniques and presents its
enhancement over the traditional manual approaches. To the best of our knowledge, it is the
first research that takes into consideration the concept of penetration testing and the standards
in the area.This research tackles the comparison between the manual and automated
penetration testing, the main tools used in penetration testing. Additionally, compares between
some methodologies used to build an automated penetration testing platform.
CLASSIFICATION OF ALZHEIMER USING fMRI DATA AND BRAIN NETWORKcscpconf
Since the mid of 1990s, functional connectivity study using fMRI (fcMRI) has drawn increasing
attention of neuroscientists and computer scientists, since it opens a new window to explore
functional network of human brain with relatively high resolution. BOLD technique provides
almost accurate state of brain. Past researches prove that neuro diseases damage the brain
network interaction, protein- protein interaction and gene-gene interaction. A number of
neurological research paper also analyse the relationship among damaged part. By
computational method especially machine learning technique we can show such classifications.
In this paper we used OASIS fMRI dataset affected with Alzheimer’s disease and normal
patient’s dataset. After proper processing the fMRI data we use the processed data to form
classifier models using SVM (Support Vector Machine), KNN (K- nearest neighbour) & Naïve
Bayes. We also compare the accuracy of our proposed method with existing methods. In future,
we will other combinations of methods for better accuracy.
VALIDATION METHOD OF FUZZY ASSOCIATION RULES BASED ON FUZZY FORMAL CONCEPT AN...cscpconf
In order to treat and analyze real datasets, fuzzy association rules have been proposed. Several
algorithms have been introduced to extract these rules. However, these algorithms suffer from
the problems of utility, redundancy and large number of extracted fuzzy association rules. The
expert will then be confronted with this huge amount of fuzzy association rules. The task of
validation becomes fastidious. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new validation
method. Our method is based on three steps. (i) We extract a generic base of non redundant
fuzzy association rules by applying EFAR-PN algorithm based on fuzzy formal concept analysis.
(ii) we categorize extracted rules into groups and (iii) we evaluate the relevance of these rules
using structural equation model.
PROBABILITY BASED CLUSTER EXPANSION OVERSAMPLING TECHNIQUE FOR IMBALANCED DATAcscpconf
In many applications of data mining, class imbalance is noticed when examples in one class are
overrepresented. Traditional classifiers result in poor accuracy of the minority class due to the
class imbalance. Further, the presence of within class imbalance where classes are composed of
multiple sub-concepts with different number of examples also affect the performance of
classifier. In this paper, we propose an oversampling technique that handles between class and
within class imbalance simultaneously and also takes into consideration the generalization
ability in data space. The proposed method is based on two steps- performing Model Based
Clustering with respect to classes to identify the sub-concepts; and then computing the
separating hyperplane based on equal posterior probability between the classes. The proposed
method is tested on 10 publicly available data sets and the result shows that the proposed
method is statistically superior to other existing oversampling methods.
CHARACTER AND IMAGE RECOGNITION FOR DATA CATALOGING IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCHcscpconf
Data collection is an essential, but manpower intensive procedure in ecological research. An
algorithm was developed by the author which incorporated two important computer vision
techniques to automate data cataloging for butterfly measurements. Optical Character
Recognition is used for character recognition and Contour Detection is used for imageprocessing.
Proper pre-processing is first done on the images to improve accuracy. Although
there are limitations to Tesseract’s detection of certain fonts, overall, it can successfully identify
words of basic fonts. Contour detection is an advanced technique that can be utilized to
measure an image. Shapes and mathematical calculations are crucial in determining the precise
location of the points on which to draw the body and forewing lines of the butterfly. Overall,
92% accuracy were achieved by the program for the set of butterflies measured.
SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYTICS FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND EVENT DETECTION IN SMART CI...cscpconf
Smart cities utilize Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors to enhance the quality of the city
services including energy, transportation, health, and much more. They generate massive
volumes of structured and unstructured data on a daily basis. Also, social networks, such as
Twitter, Facebook, and Google+, are becoming a new source of real-time information in smart
cities. Social network users are acting as social sensors. These datasets so large and complex
are difficult to manage with conventional data management tools and methods. To become
valuable, this massive amount of data, known as 'big data,' needs to be processed and
comprehended to hold the promise of supporting a broad range of urban and smart cities
functions, including among others transportation, water, and energy consumption, pollution
surveillance, and smart city governance. In this work, we investigate how social media analytics
help to analyze smart city data collected from various social media sources, such as Twitter and
Facebook, to detect various events taking place in a smart city and identify the importance of
events and concerns of citizens regarding some events. A case scenario analyses the opinions of
users concerning the traffic in three largest cities in the UAE
SOCIAL NETWORK HATE SPEECH DETECTION FOR AMHARIC LANGUAGEcscpconf
The anonymity of social networks makes it attractive for hate speech to mask their criminal
activities online posing a challenge to the world and in particular Ethiopia. With this everincreasing
volume of social media data, hate speech identification becomes a challenge in
aggravating conflict between citizens of nations. The high rate of production, has become
difficult to collect, store and analyze such big data using traditional detection methods. This
paper proposed the application of apache spark in hate speech detection to reduce the
challenges. Authors developed an apache spark based model to classify Amharic Facebook
posts and comments into hate and not hate. Authors employed Random forest and Naïve Bayes
for learning and Word2Vec and TF-IDF for feature selection. Tested by 10-fold crossvalidation,
the model based on word2vec embedding performed best with 79.83%accuracy. The
proposed method achieve a promising result with unique feature of spark for big data.
GENERAL REGRESSION NEURAL NETWORK BASED POS TAGGING FOR NEPALI TEXTcscpconf
This article presents Part of Speech tagging for Nepali text using General Regression Neural
Network (GRNN). The corpus is divided into two parts viz. training and testing. The network is
trained and validated on both training and testing data. It is observed that 96.13% words are
correctly being tagged on training set whereas 74.38% words are tagged correctly on testing
data set using GRNN. The result is compared with the traditional Viterbi algorithm based on
Hidden Markov Model. Viterbi algorithm yields 97.2% and 40% classification accuracies on
training and testing data sets respectively. GRNN based POS Tagger is more consistent than the
traditional Viterbi decoding technique.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. 484 Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT )
that accepts java source file written in any text editor, check for the syntax, structure of the same
and hence generate the test case reports for the core java program.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows; Section 2 presents about the proposed system. The
architecture and implementation details are described in sections 3 and 4 respectively. In section
5, presents the conclusion. Section 6 we outline further enhancement in the area of test bed
environment.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
System Strategy
We proposed to browse the *.java file as an input file. This .java file is then passed to the token
parser, flow graph analyzer and watch variable handler. *.xml file is generated by them which are
then passed to path synthesizer and plan synthesizer. Control flow is then passed to test case
generator engine generating test case reports and modified *.java files.
White box Testing
White box testing strategy deals with the internal logic and structure of the code is also called as
glass, structural, open box or clears box testing. The tests written based on the white box testing
strategy incorporate coverage of the code written, branches, paths, statements and internal logic
of the code etc. This testing needs the tester to look into the code and find out which unit or
statement or chunk of the code is malfunctioning.
Control flow Graph
Control flow (or alternatively, flow of control) refers to the order in which the individual
statements, instructions, or function calls of an imperative or a declarative program are executed
or evaluated.
3. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Figure below gives an architectural view of the system. .java file is been browsed for which the
test cases are to be generated. This .java file is then passed to the token parser. Tokens generated
here are then passed to the flow graph analyzer and watch variable handler. .xml files generated
by them are then passed to path synthesizer and plan synthesizer. Control flow is then passed to
test case generator engine. Test case engine then generates the test case reports and .java files.
3. Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT ) 485
.java file Token parser
Language
Metadata
Watch variable handlerFlow graph analyzer
Path synthesizer & Plan synthesizer
Test case Generator Engine
Flow
Metadata
.java file
Flow
Metadata
.xml file
Tokens
Control Flow Graph
Synthesized XML file
Figure 1.System Architecture
3.1 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
A. Browsing .java files
A java file for which the test cases are to be generated is written in any text editor and is
compiled. This java program is then browsed by the system. The system is not concerned about
the editor file in which the program is written.
B. Token parser
The token parser reads in a sequence of characters and produces a sequence of objects called
“Tokens”. The rule used to break the sequence of characters into the sequence of tokens depends
on the language. The parser refers the language repository which stores the tokens for java
language. The tokens generated by the token parser are then passed on to the flow analyzer and
watch variable handler.
C. Flow graph analyzer
Flow graph analyzer uses the token produced by the token parser and analyzes the control flow of
the program using control table, functions and ‘JGraphX’ Application Program Interface (API).
Control table gives the syntax of the controls and function gives the flow of the function along
with the proper entry and exit conditions.
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D. Watch variable handler
Watch variable handler will take up the tokens produced by the token parser and will give the
changes in the values of the variable occurring in a particular loop or class or global variable and
also identifies the type of variable. It will also generate the .xml file for the same.
E. Path synthesizer and Plan synthesizer
The .xml files being received from flow graph analyzer and watch variable handler are combined
by the path synthesizer and plan synthesizer to generate another .xml file containing the flow
analysis along with the changes in variable value and variable type. This .xml file is given to test
case generator engine.
F. Test case generator engine
The syntax analyzer passes the result to the Test case generator engine. The test case generator
engine makes the graphical visualization of the result obtained from syntax analyzer and then
performs cyclomatic testing. The test report is then been generated.
Figure 2.Test case Generator Engine
i. XML Parser
The Synthesized XML file obtained from the path synthesizer and plan synthesizer is given to
XML parser. SAXP is one of Java XML programming API, provides capability of validating and
parsing XML documents. Finally, it creates Java objects and manipulates them.
ii. Stub Insertion Logic
Stubs are classes that provide replacement implementations for the generated java objects by the
xml parser. This stub is a replacement class is given as input to debug profile generator.
iii. Debug Profile Generation
Debug profile generator gives a modified .java file to the user with some additional information
related to stub output. This helps to detect errors and causes of errors.
Stub Insertion
Logic
X
M
L
P
A
R
S
E
R
Test Case Reporting
Debug Profile
Generator
.java file
Synthesized
xml file as
input
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iv.Test Case Reporting
Test case reporting takes the input from xml parser to directly generate the test reports for the
user or tester. Report can also identify any remaining deficiencies, limitations or constraints that
were detected by the testing performed.
4. RELATED WORK
We have been successful in building up an IDE or an application that accepts java source file
written in any text editor and we check for the syntax and structure of the same. Thus, our
application can now generate the control flow graph for the java programs as shown in the figure
3.
The table given below illustrates the comparison between automated testing tools available and
that generated by our system.
6. 488 Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT )
Comparison
5. CONCLUSION
The existing systems such as Net Beans and Eclipse which are two of them have their own text
editor for writing java programs and generating test cases for the same. But the drawback is that
they cannot read as an input from any other java source file written in any of the text editors like
notepad, command prompt etc.
6. FURTHER ENCHANCEMENTS
We have developed the test cases for Java it is possible to extend the project domain to JavaEE
and Java ME. We aspire to generalize our domain for any program file extensions like .CPP or .C
taken as an input for the application. These all can form sub-module and all the test generation of
different languages can be integrated. It is also extend for resolving expressions with the search
mechanism. The Speed at which the report is generated will be increased efficiently. In future
improvement in the system Syntax analyzer can check for compilation errors.
Advantages Disadvantages
Netbeans It has its own text editor, rich
IDE support for J2EE
application. Multi browser
support
It requires plug-ins to support other server-side
languages such as ASP, PHP etc.
Eclipse Multi browser & different
language support. Has its
own text editor and very
user- friendly.
Plug-ins are used to generate test reports,
which cannot accept the input file from other
text editors like command prompt, notepad etc.
Sahi Multi browser support - Has
its own IDE - Record and
playback tests
Confusing interface - Least developed/smallest
community
Our system Has its own test bed,
independent of the editor file.
Supports only Java programs.
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REFERENCES
[1] Andreas S. Andreou, Christos Schizas, Gianna Ioakim, Extending and enhancing a basic program.
[2] Hiroaki Hashiura, Saekomatusuura ,Seiichikomiya, A Tool for Diagnosing the Quality of Java
Program and a Method for its Effective Utilization in Education.
[3] Bor-Yuan Tsai∗, Simon Stobart, Norman Parrington, and Ian Mitchell, An Automatic Test Case
Generator Derived from State-Based Testing.
[4] Bor-Yuan Tsai*, Simon Stobart, Norman Parrington and Ian Mitchell, Automated Class Testing
[5] Using Threaded Multi-way Trees to Represent the Behaviour of State Machines.
[6] Sinnott, R.O. (2003) Architecting specifications for test case generation. In: Cerone, A. and Lindsay,
P.A. (eds.) First International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods Proceedings:
Brisbane, Australia, September 22 to 27, 2003. IEEE Computer Society, LosAlamitos, USA, pp. 24-
32. ISBN 0769519490 http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/7292/
[7] Hojun Jaygarl, Kai-Shin Lu, Carl K. Chang, GenRed: A Tool for Generating and Reducing Object-
Oriented Test Cases. Stefan Wappler and Joachim Wegener Evolutionary Unit Testing Of Object-
Oriented Software Using A Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm, 2006 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation Sheraton Vancouver Wall Centre Hotel, Vancouver, BC, Canada July 16-21, 2006
Authors
Ms. Priya R. L, Lecturer, V.E.S Institute of Technology, having 8 years of teaching
experience for undergraduate students of Computer Engineering and Information
Technology disciplines in different Engineering Institutes, was obtained her Bachelors
degree in Engineering from Manonmaniam Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli,
Tamilnadu during the year 1999. Also, she had worked as a Software Engineer in
different firms in Chennai and Mumbai for 4 years. Her research interest is more into
Software testing, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web Engineering.
Ms Dhanamma Jagli,Lecturer ,V.E.S Institute of Technology, having total 8 year of
teaching Ex perience for Post graduate and under graduate students of Master of
Computer applications, computer Engineering, Inforamtion Technology and
Electronics& Telecommunication disciplines in different Engineering institutes, was
obtained Master Degree in Information Technology from Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh during the year 2004.her
research interest is more into Software Engineering, Data base Systems, Data mining
and embedded Real time systems.