This document summarizes a research project that aimed to study the relationship between social innovation and economic development. It describes building a database of over 800 socially innovative organizations in the US. The research analyzed how concentrations of these organizations correlated with economic growth in cities. It then developed a "Fertile Ground Index" model to measure a region's potential for social innovation based on factors like foundations, demographics, education levels, and political affiliation. The research found correlations between social innovation and increased income and employment growth. It recommends further study and providing policy recommendations to support social innovation.
Future of wealth - Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspecti...Future Agenda
The initial perspective on the Future of Wealth kicked off the Future Agenda 2.0 global discussions taking place through 2015. This summary builds on the initial view and is updated as we progress the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Ashoka presentation at Startup Live Athens #3 "Sustainable Entrepreneurship"StartupLiveAthens
Aphrodite Bouikidis from Ashoka Washington DC was a guest at our closing ceremony sharing with our audience how Ashoka defines social entrepreneurship, making the connection with Greece and sharing some examples of Ashoka fellows.
Future of wealth - Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspecti...Future Agenda
The initial perspective on the Future of Wealth kicked off the Future Agenda 2.0 global discussions taking place through 2015. This summary builds on the initial view and is updated as we progress the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Ashoka presentation at Startup Live Athens #3 "Sustainable Entrepreneurship"StartupLiveAthens
Aphrodite Bouikidis from Ashoka Washington DC was a guest at our closing ceremony sharing with our audience how Ashoka defines social entrepreneurship, making the connection with Greece and sharing some examples of Ashoka fellows.
The Zeitgeist Movement - A Slideshow for Independant Lecturesguestcf4820
An overview of money's detriment to society, and outlining the main mechanisms which perpetuate associated institutions.
The implementation of the Scientific Method to society, in an attempt to promote personal and societal growth and awareness.
Overview of the Venus Project; it's aims' and what fundamental processes it recognizes and acts in accordance to.
NOTE: It's important that you are familiar with the information before using it. Also, this is to serve as a basic outline, it is by no means static, and should serve as a template. It is also not free from error, I'm sure. So make sure you check the content beforehand.
strategies for sustainable and ethical enterprises into the future - a paper presented in December 2013 at a roundtable at Indus Business Academy, Bengaluru
Antenna for Social Innovation. We Share. Who Wins: unravelling the controvers...ESADE
In this fourth edition of the Antenna for Social Innovation, we discuss one of the most fascinating and controversial economic transformations: the growth of the collaborative economy. This transformation has been accompanied by a series of events that is destined to revolutionise our societies – namely, the expansion of the Internet, as well as the rise of smartphones, social networks, advances in artificial intelligence, and the capacity to instantly process huge amounts of information at a tiny cost. We talk about societies in a broad sense because the new wave of developments in the digital economy will transform the economic sphere of our lives – as well as the workplace, tax system, educational models, consumption patterns, and communications.
Megatrends are strong global forces affecting everything and all life on our planet. By viewing the world from a distance and over several centuries, there are 8 global forces of change that stand out. They are: Population boom; Rapid urbanization; Ferocious consumption; Technology rush; Digital transformation; Global connectedness; Environmental degradation and Wealth inequality.
Is de hype van de circulaire economie een rem op transitie? Socrates Schouten zet meteen de toon voor onze trefdag.
De circulaire economie heeft in snel tempo veel aandacht gekregen van beleidsmakers, managers en onderzoekers. Eindelijk een formule waarmee duurzaamheid en economische groei echt te verenigen zijn, lijkt het. Maar wat is dat eigenlijk, een circulaire economie? Is het inderdaad een ecologisch en sociaal model voor werk, (co)productie en handel? De economische en technologische kijk op de kringloop die nu de boventoon voert, hindert het vernieuwende denken. Emotie, co-eigenaarschap en culturele verbeelding zijn hard nodig om de omslag te maken naar een echte circulaire samenleving.
ISPIM Future Agenda - Six key challenges and major innovation opportunities...Future Agenda
A keynote at ISPIM conference in Porto on 20 June 2016 sharing insights from the latest Future Agenda programme. Focuses initially on the 6 key challenges for for next decade for future of people, place, power, belief, behaviour and business. Then shares some views from global discussions on the world in 2025 before adding in 6 major innovation opportunities for the next decade include food waste, data marketplaces, sanitation, ethical machines and deeper collaboration.
This is shared with the innovation community to hopefully inspire new actions.
An introduction slide deck for one of the 2017 Design Innovation Projects which will be undertaken in collaboration with the CitizensUK. The presentation was delivered by Caitlin Burbridge http://www.citizensuk.org
.
The Design Innovation Project is run by the Institute for Design Innovation at Loughborough University in London http://www.lborolondon.ac.uk/
Cities have long birthed advances in the sciences, arts, human rights, business and government. Millions of people have moved to cities for better lives or services unavailable elsewhere.
But as cities grow, so are problems stemming from stretched transportation, energy and water infrastructure.
Towards a Sustainable and Socially Just Transformation Reflections on Karl Po...STEPS Centre
A presentation by John Thompson, David Manuel-Navarrete, Maja Göpel and Moritz Remig at the Resilience 2014 conference in Montpellier, France on 7 May 2014.
For Goodness’ Sake: Satisfy the hunger for meaningful business Ogilvy
For Goodness Sake is about transforming businesses into “Purposeful Enterprises.” Business, being the most adaptable of human institutions, is already shifting to encompass the new priorities our global society is setting out, but a full change to purposeful enterprises—enterprises that exist for many interlocking reasons and strive for complex outcomes—will emerge only with great planning and thoughtfulness.
Design Thinking for Social Innovation at IEMax Oliva
How might we provide drinkable water to low income rural communities? How might we provide premature baby incubation solutions for the Base of the Pyramid? How might we create a process and culture which enables innovaiton to be at the core of our organization, be it from a social enteprise, a responsible business or a cross collaboration with unlikely allies? We need to re-imagine, re-invent and re-design the way that we do business, the way in which we create and deliver value. Design is too important to be left to designers alone. During this workshop, you will learn the key concepts of Design Thinking with a focus on social innovation, experimenting with collective creativity, and practicing with key tools to apply in future social challenges. Design thinking you can learn at a workshop; it takes a lifetime to master it.
The Zeitgeist Movement - A Slideshow for Independant Lecturesguestcf4820
An overview of money's detriment to society, and outlining the main mechanisms which perpetuate associated institutions.
The implementation of the Scientific Method to society, in an attempt to promote personal and societal growth and awareness.
Overview of the Venus Project; it's aims' and what fundamental processes it recognizes and acts in accordance to.
NOTE: It's important that you are familiar with the information before using it. Also, this is to serve as a basic outline, it is by no means static, and should serve as a template. It is also not free from error, I'm sure. So make sure you check the content beforehand.
strategies for sustainable and ethical enterprises into the future - a paper presented in December 2013 at a roundtable at Indus Business Academy, Bengaluru
Antenna for Social Innovation. We Share. Who Wins: unravelling the controvers...ESADE
In this fourth edition of the Antenna for Social Innovation, we discuss one of the most fascinating and controversial economic transformations: the growth of the collaborative economy. This transformation has been accompanied by a series of events that is destined to revolutionise our societies – namely, the expansion of the Internet, as well as the rise of smartphones, social networks, advances in artificial intelligence, and the capacity to instantly process huge amounts of information at a tiny cost. We talk about societies in a broad sense because the new wave of developments in the digital economy will transform the economic sphere of our lives – as well as the workplace, tax system, educational models, consumption patterns, and communications.
Megatrends are strong global forces affecting everything and all life on our planet. By viewing the world from a distance and over several centuries, there are 8 global forces of change that stand out. They are: Population boom; Rapid urbanization; Ferocious consumption; Technology rush; Digital transformation; Global connectedness; Environmental degradation and Wealth inequality.
Is de hype van de circulaire economie een rem op transitie? Socrates Schouten zet meteen de toon voor onze trefdag.
De circulaire economie heeft in snel tempo veel aandacht gekregen van beleidsmakers, managers en onderzoekers. Eindelijk een formule waarmee duurzaamheid en economische groei echt te verenigen zijn, lijkt het. Maar wat is dat eigenlijk, een circulaire economie? Is het inderdaad een ecologisch en sociaal model voor werk, (co)productie en handel? De economische en technologische kijk op de kringloop die nu de boventoon voert, hindert het vernieuwende denken. Emotie, co-eigenaarschap en culturele verbeelding zijn hard nodig om de omslag te maken naar een echte circulaire samenleving.
ISPIM Future Agenda - Six key challenges and major innovation opportunities...Future Agenda
A keynote at ISPIM conference in Porto on 20 June 2016 sharing insights from the latest Future Agenda programme. Focuses initially on the 6 key challenges for for next decade for future of people, place, power, belief, behaviour and business. Then shares some views from global discussions on the world in 2025 before adding in 6 major innovation opportunities for the next decade include food waste, data marketplaces, sanitation, ethical machines and deeper collaboration.
This is shared with the innovation community to hopefully inspire new actions.
An introduction slide deck for one of the 2017 Design Innovation Projects which will be undertaken in collaboration with the CitizensUK. The presentation was delivered by Caitlin Burbridge http://www.citizensuk.org
.
The Design Innovation Project is run by the Institute for Design Innovation at Loughborough University in London http://www.lborolondon.ac.uk/
Cities have long birthed advances in the sciences, arts, human rights, business and government. Millions of people have moved to cities for better lives or services unavailable elsewhere.
But as cities grow, so are problems stemming from stretched transportation, energy and water infrastructure.
Towards a Sustainable and Socially Just Transformation Reflections on Karl Po...STEPS Centre
A presentation by John Thompson, David Manuel-Navarrete, Maja Göpel and Moritz Remig at the Resilience 2014 conference in Montpellier, France on 7 May 2014.
For Goodness’ Sake: Satisfy the hunger for meaningful business Ogilvy
For Goodness Sake is about transforming businesses into “Purposeful Enterprises.” Business, being the most adaptable of human institutions, is already shifting to encompass the new priorities our global society is setting out, but a full change to purposeful enterprises—enterprises that exist for many interlocking reasons and strive for complex outcomes—will emerge only with great planning and thoughtfulness.
Design Thinking for Social Innovation at IEMax Oliva
How might we provide drinkable water to low income rural communities? How might we provide premature baby incubation solutions for the Base of the Pyramid? How might we create a process and culture which enables innovaiton to be at the core of our organization, be it from a social enteprise, a responsible business or a cross collaboration with unlikely allies? We need to re-imagine, re-invent and re-design the way that we do business, the way in which we create and deliver value. Design is too important to be left to designers alone. During this workshop, you will learn the key concepts of Design Thinking with a focus on social innovation, experimenting with collective creativity, and practicing with key tools to apply in future social challenges. Design thinking you can learn at a workshop; it takes a lifetime to master it.
Can Social Innovation be a sustainable business model? Nowadays, we do not simply rely on the government or NGOs for solving social problems. What can be done by a start-up enterprise or multinational corporation? How can Social Innovation be incorporated into their business practices?
In this session, we looked at Social Enterprise in Asia, the opportunities and hurdles that exist, and the scalability of various businesses
In this presentation, given at the 2013 SEHK forum, I speak about the future of social innovation within corporate structures to bring scale to ideas that benefit society, the environment, and promote a stable economy.
If interested in seeing the video, you can click here:
Proposal: Launch a community-based action-learning lab to accelerate innovation and application of systematic approaches to civic stewardship.
Approach: Applies systematic methods in the civic context that are now used in successful organizations to increase local ownership for ambitious goals, and to foster innovation and collaboration for achieving them.
Opportunity: Spur progress on our most persistent and costly socio-economic and environmental problems by cultivating a national network of neighborhood-based civic stewardship initiatives. A critical mass of neighborhood efforts in 300 U.S. cities can save hundreds of billions in annual government costs, while fostering “collective efficacy” and wellbeing in communities nationwide.
Why now: Recent developments in measures (spurred by the proliferation of “public data”), social media (e.g., neighborhood websites), and monetization (e.g., social impact bonds) are “disruptive innovations” that create ripe opportunities for quantum change.
Pittsburgh Nonprofit Summit - We Got Funded! What Social Innovations are Bei...GPNP
Over 50 applications were submitted to the inaugural federal Social Innovation Fund and 11 agencies were awarded funding. Hear directly from the grantees of the SIF, learn about the re-granting process and find out what is required to compete at these levels. Also, hear the lessons learned from the first round and learn what is being changed for the current round of funding.
ATS14- What meaningful engagement means: capacity-building as a tool to impro...BTAOregon
Federal, state and local transportation guidelines strongly encourage or even require that transportation officials conduct “meaningful” public engagement as part of their planning and decision-making processes. But the most well-intentioned efforts can fail to reach low-income and minority communities that are often still not at the table when important decisions are being made. In order for marginalized communities to participate effectively in public process, government agencies and private funders must invest in their time, skills and capacity to engage in time-consuming and complex discussions such as those around transportation, planning and funding decisions. Attendees will discuss what capacity-building is and why it is important, and learn from recent capacity-building efforts in health, community planning and transportation.
Civic Stewardship Measurement Initiative -- draft slides for discussionwmsnyder
Proposal for measuring population-based outcomes at the community level; as basis for community-based understanding and ownership of local outcomes; as platform to support an ecology of social innovation efforts, led by local residents and organizations; as basis for contracting with external partners on initiatives to improve community wellbeing (government agencies, social entrepreneurs, foundations, researchers, policy-makers, etc.)
Crowdfunding has become a hot topic for many development professionals in the United States, accounting for $2.7 billion dollars raised in 2012. Estimates for 2013 were even higher.
It appeals to many fundraisers because it leverages the social networks of donors to generate funding for projects and organizations. With the proliferation of crowdfunding sites and the recent success of campaigns on platforms like KickStarter and IndieGoGo, development programs in higher education are beginning to take notice.
Questions persist about how the platform translates to fundraising in higher education and if it has the potential to become a sustainable addition to the tool kit of annual giving programs.
How to Use HealthyCity.org to Influence PolicyHealthy City
These slides are from a webinar designed to demonstrate how to use HealthyCity.org to inform and communicate your advocacy and policy goals. Integrating the data and tools available on HealthyCity.org into your organizational advocacy and policy strategies can broaden efforts to influence decision-making at the local, state, and federal level.
In this training you will learn how to:
- Research relevant resources and data throughout California such as demographic, health, education, and housing to inform your organizational policy proposals.
- Create maps and charts that can visually communicate your advocacy message to impact policy decisions.
- Gather data to enhance on-the-ground knowledge of the community’s perspective and needs in relation to specific policy proposals and decisions.
- Connect communities, advocates, and decision-makers to information and data to stimulate action for policy change.
How to Use HealthyCity.org to Influence PolicyHealthy City
These slides are from a webinar designed to demonstrate how to use HealthyCity.org to inform and communicate your advocacy and policy goals. Integrating the data and tools available on HealthyCity.org into your organizational advocacy and policy strategies can broaden efforts to influence decision-making at the local, state, and federal level.
In this webinar you will learn how to:
- Research relevant resources and data throughout California such as demographic, health, education, and housing to inform your organizational policy proposals.
- Create maps and charts that can visually communicate your advocacy message to impact policy decisions.
- Gather data to enhance on-the-ground knowledge of the community’s perspective and needs in relation to specific policy proposals and decisions.
- Connect communities, advocates, and decision-makers to information and data to stimulate action for policy change.
An NVPC working document to share the vision and strategy of developing a giving ecosystem in Singapore. We believe we need to re-think how we learn, define issues and solutions, and collaborate for greater impact.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Creating Seedbeds for Social Innovation
1. Creating Seedbeds for Social Innovation Advanced Policy Research 2006-2007 H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA
2.
3.
4.
5. Definition of Social Innovation Social innovations are organizations in any sector that are motivated by a social mission and that are financially sustainable in one or both of the following ways: creating program-generated income or receiving resources from a Support Organization – whose mission is to support and promote Social Innovation (e.g., Ashoka, Echoing Green, foundations, Venture Philanthropic Partners)
6. Social innovation’s impact on the economy Economic Development Can we demonstrate this relationship? Social Innovation Factors Can we demonstrate this relationship?
7.
8.
9.
10. Ranking of cities in increasing count of socially innovative organizations Foundations only funding socially innovative organizations Networks only supporting socially innovative organizations Akron, OH Arlington, TX Aurora, CO Birmingham, AL Honolulu CDP, HI Mesa, AZ Oklahoma City, OK Omaha, NE Rocky Mount, NC San Antonio, TX Savannah, GA St. Petersburg, FL Stockton, CA Toledo, OH Tulsa, OK Wichita, KS Anchorage, AL Buffalo, NY Durham, NC Jacksonville, FL Jersey City, NJ Las Vegas, CA Lexington, KY Long Beach, CA Phoenix, AZ Rochester, NY Tallahassee, FL Bethesda, MD Charlotte, NC Colorado Springs, CO Concord, CA Dallas, TX El Paso, TX Nashville, TN Raleigh, NC Sacramento, CA San Jose, CA Erie, PA Indianapolis, IN Louisville, KY Memphis, TN Miami, FL San Diego, CA Santa Clara, CA Santa Cruz, CA Albuquerque, NM Columbus, OH Detroit, MI New Haven, CT Newark, NJ St. Paul, MN Tampa, FL Tucson, AZ Houston, TX New Orleans, LA Palo Alto, CA Austin, TX Berkeley, CA Cambridge, MA Denver, CO Cincinnati, OH Portland, OR Kansas City, MO St. Louis, MO Baltimore, MD Oakland, CA Arlington, VA Philadelphia, PA Los Angeles, CA Minneapolis, MN Portland, OR Alexandria, VA Milwaukee, WI Cleveland, OH Atlanta, GA Seattle, WA Pittsburgh, PA Chicago, IL Washington, DC Boston, MA San Francisco, CA New York, NY Total: 82 0 1-10 11-20 21-40 41-70
20. Case study cities exhibit significantly higher income levels in areas with high concentrations of socially innovative organizations
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. Thank you for attending Advanced Policy Research 2006-2007 H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA
Editor's Notes
Since August 2006, a team of graduate students at Carnegie Mellon University’s Heinz School of Public Policy and Management has been researching the relationship between social innovation and economic development in the United States. We all know that there are qualitative examples of social innovation affecting economic development; we sought to add quantitative analysis to this important yet so far rather qualitative field in the hopes that our research can generate new knowledge for social entrepreneurs, foundations, governments, and investors to apply. For example, if we can identify the factors that create social innovation in a region, and can demonstrate a relationship between social innovation and economic development, then regions can identify which factors to invest in to thereby drive economic development. Simultaneously, a social entrepreneur deciding where to start a social enterprise can use the factors to identify which regions have the most fertile ground for social innovation.
We could not have done this alone. We have been fortunate to have consulted with the experts above and have incorporated their suggestions into our research, including statistics experts confirming our methods. We greatly appreciate their time and information.
There are many different schools of thought about defining social innovation and social entrepreneurship. Experts we consulted with recommended that we choose a definition that will work within our research parameters. We wanted our definition to include the Jerr Boschee, Greg Dees, and now the Sally Osberg, schools of thought. Although our definition above says that social innovations are organizations in any sector , given the limited time and the available resources more focused on nonprofits, the current version of our research focused on the non-profit sector. Our future research will include public and private organizations, as well as partnerships.
Using that definition of social innovation, we sought to demonstrate its relationship with economic development (e.g., median household income, number of people unemployed in a region). But how do you measure social innovation? We collected data for over 118 factors that could possibly influence social innovation (e.g., number of patents in a region, demographics ranging from voter breakdown to age breakdown, social needs in an area, education level, etc.) If we could demonstrate a statistical relationship between some of these factors and social innovation, and also demonstrate a significant relationship between social innovation and economic development, then policy makers and economic developers, for example, could invest in factors to affect social innovation and therefore to affect economic development. (note: this slide is animated)
This slide describes the three methods we employed to measure the relationship between social innovation and economic development?
In order to determine the number of socially innovative organizations in each city, we created a database of every socially innovative organization we could find (utilizing our definition as a parameter). We scoured different web sites and well-respected sources (listed above) and have a growing database of over 800 socially innovative organizations. This 800 number is worth thinking about for a moment. There are 1.4 million nonprofit organizations in the United States, and let’s say our database has half the organizations that it should have. That still implies that only 1600/1.4 million, or .11% of nonprofits are socially innovative. Is that number accurate? What are the implications? Is it important to increase the number of socially innovative organizations and if so, how do we do so?
After collecting the 800 organizations, we organized them by city region to obtain counts of how many organizations were in each city. This slide shows the range. The next slides show this information in map forms to analyze patterns.
This map displays the counts of organizations and supporting organizations. Notice areas where there are significantly higher counts of socially innovative organizations. Then notice the concentration of socially innovative organizations in the rust-belt area (east of Missouri, with high concentrations of brown circles that indicate organization count of 41-60). The rust-belt area produced significant wealth during the times when the manufacturing sector was responsible for most of the U.S.’s economic activities. Since the decline of the manufacturing sector, there has been increasing pockets of poverty and an increased need to revitalize this area. The concentration of socially innovative organizations in this area is believed to be caused by a higher need for creative solutions to social problems than other areas.
The population was divided by the total number of organizations and supporting organizations to come up with the number of people per organization. This is to determine if larger cities had a significantly lower ratio of population to organization. As can be seen, there is no great variation outside of Phoenix, Arizona (the one immediately to the right of Philadelphia.) Please note that only a selection of cities in alphabetical order are displayed.
Development life cycles: Boston began redevelopment from heavy industry (textiles) in the late eighties, to a center of high tech and life sciences. Seattle’s redevelopment began in the early 1990s based around computer-related technologies, and Pittsburgh began it’s redevelopment around the same period focusing on health care, banking, and high tech advancements. Pittsburgh and Boston have important similarities in that they are both former centers of heavy industry. Similarly, Boston and Seattle are both coastal cities and therefore retain some similarities with regard to trade and fisheries industries. Finally, while all three are in slightly different developmental periods, they are all bases for large foundation and non-profit communities.
A zoomed view of the sample and control block group sections. Block groups are the smallest census level that provide all the information from the long-form census sheet.
Control groups – Dorchester area One can see that there is positive change over the 10 year period, and that the majority of block groups have jumped 1 income level – from the green level to the light blue level.
Sample group – downtown (Faneil Hall area): As compared to the control group, the block groups in the sample area have made significant changes in median household income, in many cases jumping 2 or more income levels (from yellow to royal blue) in the same amount of time as the control group. While we would not want to assume causation, nor is there a method that can prove causation with the presence of socially innovative organizations, there may be a strong a correlation with their location. Perhaps they were able to meet needs that the city was not, allowing the city to spend more time and money on other developmental efforts in this area, thus leading to increases in median household income.
The sample groups (groups with clusters of socially innovative organizations) for all three hubs exhibited significantly higher population growth than for the control groups, their city averages, the US average or the urbanized area average for the US. Increases in population can lead to increased vibrancy of a community.
The percent change in labor force measures the number of people not in the labor force as a percent of the entire population. These would include elderly people, young people, stay-at-home-parents, or people who had given up looking for work. This graph is important because it shows us that the people moving into the area are in the labor force. In both Boston and Seattle we see the labor force growing for the sample block group areas, and in stark contrast to the control groups, their city averages and the US average as a whole. In Pittsburgh, both the sample and control areas had slight, but negligible increases, also in contrast to the city’s 20% increase or the country’s 30% increase.
All three cities saw drastic increases in median household income for their sample groups over their control groups and city averages. Additionally, every city’s sample group exhibited larger average growth than for US urbanized areas, or the US as a whole.
Socially innovative organizations may serve an important role in economic development. These organizations can meet needs that perhaps city services cannot meet as effectively, suggesting that allocating city resources into these organizations would further development. Therefore, socially innovative organizations should be taken into consideration when cities create long-term development plans. Perhaps there is even room for regions or states to establish grant programs to assist socially innovative organizations as their success would actually save the region more money than the grant program might cost.
In order to provide a tool for social innovators, foundations, and government agencies to use to foster regional social innovation, we examined over 100 regional factors that might drive social innovation. Through research and interviews, the factors selected were those thought to help predict the level of social innovation that would be seen at a city wide level. The factors could then be used to generate a regression equation that our stakeholders could use to predict the level of social innovation a particular city would have. These factors spanned three categories, Ideas; Resources; and Need. Samples of each of the three categories are provided above, (this does not represent the complete list of factors examined). In order to keep population effects out of the data, all numbers are reported in per capita or percentage of the population terms. Note: this slide is animated and is most clear in presentation-screen view
Best subsets regression was used to determine our regression model. Best subsets regression examines every possible combination of the factors that could be used to predict the level of social innovation, and gives a listing of the highest ranking models based on adjusted r-squared. Adjusted r-squared is a measure of how accurate our model is. Our models showed r-squared values of approximately 90%. However, our regression analysis showed that several models had identical r-squared values. In order to select among these models, we employed two other descriptive statistics. The first of these is Mallows C-p, which measures biases associated with the number of predictors in a model. Too many or too few predictors yield a higher Mallows C-p. The ideal is near 0, and our ideal model had a -.3 Mallows C-p. Finally, we examined the sum of the residuals, which represents the total prediction error summed across variables.
This is the actual Fertile Ground Index. You can see in the slide above that the five factors that predict the number of socially innovative organizations are the number of supporting organizations, the Regional Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP), the patent count, the percent Republican, and the foundation count. The number of supporting organization and the foundation count both have positive coefficients, indicating that the more foundations and the more supporting organizations that we see, the more socially innovative organizations we expect to see. GMP, patent count, and percent Republican all have negative coefficients, meaning that the higher these numbers are, the lower the expected number of socially innovative organizations will be. We believe that regional GMP has a negative effect because cities with low GMP are cities in economic trouble and this variable represents the need for socially innovative organizations. Although we were surprised that patent count has a negative effect, one explanation is that it represents resource drain away from social innovation, both in terms of capital and talent. Two possible explanations for the percent Republican having a negative effect include: (1) it could indicate conservative social policies or (2) it could indicate that social innovation is fostered by having high numbers of other political affiliations and diversity within the region. In order to use the FGI, organizations will have to normalize their data by converting it into per capita or percentage of the population measures, insert this data into the equation, and solve it. The FGI is important because it provides a quantitative explanation that challenges qualitative intuitions. For example, many practitioners would expect number of start-ups or foundation dollars per capita or number or quality of universities to affect social innovation, and would therefore invest in those factors to drive social innovation. However, quantitative analyses suggests otherwise. Applying and utilizing the FGI will ensure an efficient use of resources.
The first weakness is that the model only counts 100 cities, which is still a relatively small data set, and as more organizations and cities are added, the predictive ability of the model will increase. Secondly, while the number of organizations shows a fairly scalar increase, there is wide variance in the number of socially innovative organizations across the cities. Third, while the model is fairly accurate, it still has the ability to predict only 90% of the variation in data. The fourth weakness is that there are biases associated with the use of large cities such as New York and Los Angeles in the data set. The fifth weakness is that our data collection method is not perfect. It is very difficult to get an accurate count of the number of organizations within a city. Our last weakness is the scale of the city. Counts can fluctuate based on where the lines around the city are drawn.
Understanding that there is always room for improvement on any project, we have made a number of recommendations for future research to advance this study. The first would be to update the database of socially innovative organizations to include more cities and more socially innovative organizations. As previously mentioned, due to our time constraint, we focused our study primarily on nonprofit organizations that are socially innovative. One suggestion in updating this database would be to include private sector companies that are also socially innovative. Second, to check this model’s applicability in other countries, it would be interesting to apply the model to international cities. If it applies, then it would be helpful to analyze the impact in other countries; if it does not apply, then we will need to determine how to make it applicable to other countries. This recommendation also applies to the economic analysis with additional hubs of social innovation. Fourth, conduct additional qualitative research. Conduct interviews and surveys with social entrepreneurs and social innovators to cross check all outcomes and gain insights into the field from the practitioner’s standpoint. Lastly, to examine the attrition rates in socially innovative cities. What causes the reduction, if any, of the amount of socially innovative cities? Is there a threshold for the maximum number of socially innovative organizations to exist in a hub? Is there a point where this number peaks and more socially innovative organizations will no longer increase the social impact?
Two future directions for this project are (1.) to publish this research to reach target audience for feedback, to foster understanding, and to spread knowledge of the importance of social innovations; and (2.) to provide policy recommendations for our target audiences: Foundations - to urge their support in directing funding for education and promotion of social innovation. Utilizing the FGI, provide them with the understanding and recognition of where funding will have the biggest social impact in their funding jurisdictions; Social Entrepreneurs – utilize the FGI to find the most fertile ground for social innovation or help build upon potential grounds; Researchers – continue to work on this research and find various methods to build towards the intended outcome. Then, compare and contrast for the best model to implement. Also, track and evaluate how the FGI is being utilized and its accuracy overtime and continue to disseminate this research to the intended audiences; Economic Developers – recognize and understand the impact of social innovation on economic development, attract more social innovations when planning revitalization efforts and see social innovators as partners in the cause; and Government Leaders – be educated and educate others on the impact of social innovation and support and build relationships between social innovators, economic developers, and public-private partnerships. Utilizing the FGI, help to create a more fertile seedbed in the region. Also, assist in developing or stimulating the market for social innovation.
Please send any questions to Vivien Luk at vivymluk@gmail.com or to Amy Lazarus at amy.lazarus@gmail.com